CONTENTS
Volume One
EARLY TIBETAN CONTACTS AND RELATIONSHIPS UNTIL THE MID 15TH CENTURY
Introduction ...... 3 Saul Mullard
The Politics and Cultural Impact of the Tibetan Imperial Period
1. The Tibetans in the Ordos and North China: Considerations on the Role of the Tibetan Empire in World History ...... 19 Christopher I. Beckwith
2. The Tibetan Empire in the West ...... 29 Christopher I. Beckwith
3. The “Nephew–Uncle” Relationship in the International Diplomacy of the Tibetan Empire (7th–9th Centuries) ...... 41 Brandon Dotson
4. The Sino-Tibetan Treaties in the Tang Dynasty ...... 57 Yihong Pan
5. Sociolinguistic Implications of the Use of Tibetan in East Turkestan from the End of Tibetan Domination through the Tangut Period (9th–12th c.) ...... 103 Tsuguhito Takeuchi
6. Dbyar-mo-thaṅ and goṅ-bu ma-ru: Tibetan Historiographical Tradition on the Treaty of 821/823 ...... 121 Helga Uebach vi contents
Tangut and North-Eastern Tibetan Relations
7. The Relations of the Eleventh-Century Tsong kha Tribal Confederation to its Neighbour States on the Silk Road ...... 149 Bianca Horlemann
8. “Lama to the King of Hsia” ...... 169 E. Sperling
Tibetan-Mongolian Relations
9. The Mongol States and their Struggle for Dominance over Tibet in the 13th Century ...... 189 Karl-Heinz Everding
10. Yüan Organisation of the Tibetan Border Areas ...... 207 Luciano Petech
11. Jambhala: An Imperial Envoy to Tibet during the Late Yuan ... 227 Leonard W.J. van der Kuijp
Buddhist Contacts with India and East Asia
12. From Korea to Tibet: Action at a Distance in the Early Medieval World System ...... 245 Matthew T. Kapstein
13. In the Presence of the “Diamond Throne”: Tibetans at rDo rje gdan (Last Quarter of the 12th Century to Year 1300) ...... 273 Roberto Vitali
14. Activities of Indian Paṇḍitas in Tibet from the 14th to the 17th Century ...... 319 Lobsang Shastri contents vii
Ming Dynasty-Tibetan Relations
15. Signifijicance of Ming Titles Conferred upon the Phag mo gru Rulers: A Reevaluation of Chinese-Tibetan Relations during the Ming Dynasty ...... 337 Peter Schwieger
16. The Relations between the Chinese Ming Dynasty and the Tibetan Ruling House of Phag-mo-gru in the Years 1368–1434: Political and Religious Aspects ...... 357 Martin Slobodník
17. Did the Early Ming Emperors Attempt to Implement a “Divide and Rule” Policy in Tibet? ...... 377 Elliot Sperling
18. A Document of Chinese Diplomatic Relations with East Tibet during the Ming Dynasty ...... 393 Peter Schwieger
19. Bonpo Tribute Missions to the Imperial Court (1400–1665) ...... 411 Roger Greatrex
Volume Two
THE LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD C. 1500–1750
20. The Fifth Dalai Lama and His Reunifijication of Tibet ...... 425 Samten G. Karmay
Tibetan Relations with the Qing Dynasty
21. The Notion of “Buddhist Government” (chos srid) Shared by Tibet, Mongol and Manchu in the Early 17th Century ...... 443 Ishihama Yumiko viii contents
22. A Tibetan Buddhist Mission to the East: The Fifth Dalai Lama’s Journey to Beijing, 1652–1653 ...... 461 Gray Tuttle
23. Dge lugs pa Divided: Some Aspects of the Political Role of Tibetan Buddhism in the Expansion of the Qing Dynasty ...... 483 Nikolay Tsyrempilov
24. Sino-Tibetan Relations in Eighteenth-Century Labrang ...... 499 Paul Nietupski
25. The Dsungar Invasion of 1717 ...... 511 Dsungar Occupation and Tibetan Risings ...... 527 Luciano Petech
26. New Light on the “Chinese Conquest of Tibet” in 1720 (Based on the New Manchu Sources) ...... 539 Ishihama Yumiko
27. A Brief Introduction to the First Jinchuan War (1747–1749) ...... 549 Roger Greatrex
Relations in the Himalayas: Ladakh, Nepal, and Bhutan
28. Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679 ...... 573 Georgios T. Halkias
29. The Tibetan-Ladakhi-Moghul War (1679–1683) ...... 605 Luciano Petech
30. Dga’ ldan Tshe dBang dPal Bzang po and the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84 ...... 631 Gerhard Emmer
31. Kathog Rigzin Tsewang Norbu’s (Kaḥ-thog-rig-ʾdzin Tshe- dbang-nor-bu) Diplomatic Mission to Ladakh in the 18th Century ...... 657 Peter Schwieger contents ix
32. A Letter Written by the Fifth Dalai Lama to the King of Bhaktapur ...... 671 Christoph Cüppers
33. The Rapprochement between Bhutan and Tibet under the Enlightened Rule of Sde-srid XIII shes-rab-dbang-phyug (r. 1744–63) ...... 677 John A. Ardussi
Volume Three
TOWARDS THE MODERN PERIOD
Tibetan Relations with European Powers
34. Tibet in Anglo-Chinese Relations: 1767–1842: Part I ...... 695 Alistair Lamb
35. Tibet in Anglo-Chinese Relations: 1767–1842: Part II ...... 711 Alistair Lamb
36. The Closing of the Gates: Tibetan-European Relations at the End of the Eighteenth Century ...... 729 Isrun Engelhardt
37. Russian Buddhists in Tibet, from the End of the Nineteenth Century – 1930 ...... 745 Alexander Andreyev
38. 19th Century British Expansion on the Indo-Tibetan Frontier: A Forward Perspective ...... 765 Alex McKay
39. The Tsar’s General’s and Tibet. Apropos of Some ‘white spots’ in the History of Russo-Tibetan Relations ...... 785 Alexandre Andreyev x contents
40. The Younghusband Expedition and China’s Policy Towards Tibet, 1903–1904 ...... 795 Song Liming
41. The Establishment of the British Trade Agencies in Tibet: A Survey ...... 811 A.C. McKay
Sino-Tibetan Relations
42. Awe and Submission: A Tibetan Aristocrat at the Court of Qianlong ...... 845 Elliot Sperling
43. The Qing Court’s Tibet Connection: Lcang skya Rol pa’i rdo rje and the Qianlong Emperor ...... 857 Xiangyun Wang
44. A Ch’ing Missive to Tibet ...... 893 Hugh Richardson
Tibet and the Himalaya in the Modern Period
45. Three 19th Century Documents from Tibet and the Lo Phyag Mission from Leh to Lhasa ...... 905 John Bray & Tsering D. Gonkatsang
46. A Critical Assessment of the Nepal-Tibet Treaty 1856 ...... 929 Tirtha Prasad Mishra
47. The Political and Diplomatic Role of a Tibetan Village Chieftain (’Go-ba) on the Nepalese Frontier ...... 943 Brigitte Steinmann contents xi
Eastern Tibet
48. Frontier History of Southern Kham: Banditry and War in the Multi-ethnic Fringe Lands of Chatring, Mili, and Gyethang, 1890–1940 ...... 965 Wim van Spengen
49. The Uprising at Batang: Khams and its Signifijicance in Chinese and Tibetan History ...... 987 William M. Coleman, IV
Volume Four
TIBETAN RELATIONS IN RECENT HISTORY UNTIL 2008
Frontier Politics and International Diplomacy
50. Whose Game? Records of the India Offfijice Concerning Events Leading up to the Simla Conference ...... 1015 Michael C. van Walt
51. The McMahon Line 1911–45: The British Legacy ...... 1029 Karunakar Gupta
52. Great Britain, China and the Status of Tibet, 1914–21 ...... 1059 Clive Christie
53. A Forgotten Chapter in the History of the Northeast Frontier: 1914–36 ...... 1089 Parshotam Mehra
54. Eastern Tibet and Anglo-Chinese Negotiations, 1919–1920 ...... 1103 Alastair Lamb
55. Nepal, Tibet, China and India, 1923–33: Tangled Web of Himalayan Politics ...... 1127 K. Majumdar xii contents
56. Tibet and the League of Nations ...... 1155 Tsering W. Shakya
57. Soviet Russia and Tibet: A Debacle of Secret Diplomacy ...... 1165 Alexandre Andreyev
58. Frontier Process, Provincial Politics and Movements for Khampa Autonomy During the Republican Period ...... 1191 Peng Wenbin
The 1934 Republican Mission to Tibet
59. General Huang Mu-sung at Lhasa, 1934 ...... 1219 Hugh Richardson
60. General Huang Musong’s Mission to Lhasa and the Sino-Tibetan Negotiations in 1934 ...... 1225 Liming Song
61. The 1934 Chinese Mission to Tibet: A Re-examination ...... 1245 Hsiao-ting Lin
Tibet After 1951 and the ‘Tibet Question’ in International Relations
62. Tibet Appeals to the United Nations ...... 1269 Melvyn C. Goldstein
63. The Genesis of the Sino-Tibetan Agreement of 1951 ...... 1295 Tsering Shakya
64. Tibet in Sino-Indian Relations: The Centrality of Marginality ... 1319 Dawa Norbu
65. Post-Mao Tibet: 1978 to Present ...... 1339 Melvyn C. Goldstein
66. The United States and the Tibet Issue ...... 1369 Guangqiu Xu contents xiii
67. A Brief Survey of Tibetan Relations with the United States ..... 1387 A. Tom Grunfeld
68. Tibet and Its Neighbors: Moving Toward a New Chinese Strategy in the Himalayan Region ...... 1399 Thierry Mathou
69. The Tibet Protests of Spring, 2008: Conflict between the Nation and the State ...... 1419 Robert Barnett
70. China, Tibet and the Dynamics of Inland Borders ...... 1455 Robert Barnett
Index Nominum ...... 1475