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C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Proceedings Series 2006/007 Série des comptes rendus 2006/007 Proceedings of the Maritimes Compte rendu du Processus Regional Advisory Process consultatif régional des Maritimes Evaluation of the Ecosystem Rapport d’aperçu et d’évaluation de Overview and Assessment Report l’écosystème du lac Bras d’Or, for the Bras d’Or Lakes, Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse 2 – 3 November 2005 Les 2 et 3 novembre 2005 Wagmatcook Cultural Centre Wagmatcook Cultural Centre Wagmatcook, Cape Breton, Wagmatcook, Cap-Breton Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse T. Worcester (Chair) T. Worcester (président) Fisheries and Oceans Canada / Pêches et Océans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography / Institute océanographique de Bedford Dartmouth, Nova Scotia / Dartmouth, N.-É. B2Y 4A2 Canada June 2006 juin 2006 Foreword The purpose of these proceedings is to archive the activities and discussions of the meeting, including research recommendations, uncertainties, and to provide a place to formally archive official minority opinions. As such, interpretations and opinions presented in this report may be factually incorrect or mis-leading, but are included to record as faithfully as possible what transpired at the meeting. No statements are to be taken as reflecting the consensus of the meeting unless they are clearly identified as such. Moreover, additional information and further review may result in a change of decision where tentative agreement had been reached. Avant-propos Le présent compte rendu fait état des activités et des discussions qui ont eu lieu à la réunion, notamment en ce qui concerne les recommandations de recherche et les incertitudes; il sert aussi à consigner en bonne et due forme les opinions minoritaires officielles. Les interprétations et opinions qui y sont présentées peuvent être incorrectes sur le plan des faits ou trompeuses, mais elles sont intégrées au document pour que celui-ci reflète le plus fidèlement possible ce qui s’est dit à la réunion. Aucune déclaration ne doit être considérée comme une expression du consensus des participants, sauf s’il est clairement indiqué qu’elle l’est effectivement. En outre, des renseignements supplémentaires et un plus ample examen peuvent avoir pour effet de modifier une décision qui avait fait l'objet d'un accord préliminaire. Maritimes Region Bras d’Or Lakes EOAR Proceedings of the Maritimes Compte rendu du Processus Regional Advisory Process consultatif régional des Maritimes Evaluation of the Ecosystem Rapport d’aperçu et d’évaluation de Overview and Assessment Report l’écosystème du lac Bras d’Or, for the Bras d’Or Lakes, Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse 2 – 3 November 2005 Les 2 et 3 novembre 2005 Wagmatcook Cultural Centre Wagmatcook Cultural Centre Wagmatcook, Cape Breton Wagmatcook, Cap-Breton Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse T. Worcester (Chair) T. Worcester (président) Fisheries and Oceans Canada / Pêches et Océans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography / Institute océanographique de Bedford Dartmouth, Nova Scotia / Dartmouth, N.-É. B2Y 4A2 Canada June 2006 juin 2006 Maritimes Region Bras d’Or Lakes EOAR © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006 © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, 2006 ISSN 1701-1272 (Printed / Imprimé) Published and available free from: Une publication gratuite de : Fisheries and Oceans Canada / Pêches et Océans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat / Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique 200, rue Kent Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/ [email protected] Printed on recycled paper. Imprimé sur papier recyclé. Correct citation for this publication: On doit citer cette publication comme suit : DFO, 2006. Proceedings of the Maritimes Regional Advisory Process: Evaluation of the Ecosystem Overview and Assessment Report for the Bras d’Or Lakes, Nova Scotia; 2-3 November 2005. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Proceed. Ser. 2006/007. ii Maritimes Region Bras d’Or Lakes EOAR TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE .................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW AND CONEXT ..................................................... 1 ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT REPORT (EOAR).................. 2 Physical Systems ............................................................................................ 2 Biological Systems .......................................................................................... 5 Local and Traditional Knowledge .................................................................... 8 Ecosystem Relationships ................................................................................ 8 Human Activities..............................................................................................11 ECOLOGICALLY AND BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT AREAS........................13 REVIEW OF MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................18 NEXT STEPS .....................................................................................................21 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................22 APPENDICES.....................................................................................................23 Appendix 1. List of Participants .......................................................................23 Appendix 2. Meeting Remit .............................................................................25 Appendix 3. Agenda ........................................................................................26 Appendix 4. Written Submissions on the draft EOAR......................................27 Appendix 5. Draft Ecosystem Overview and Assessment Report...................39 iii Maritimes Region Bras d’Or Lakes EOAR SUMMARY On 2-3 November 2005, approximately 40 scientists, managers, First Nations, and community stakeholders met at the Wagmatcook Cultural Centre in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, to review the Ecosystem Overview and Assessment Report (EOAR) for the Bras d’Or Lakes as prepared by the Oceans and Coastal Management Division of DFO Maritimes. The intent of this meeting was to review the document provided for accuracy and completeness, to identify information gaps, and to review the proposed methodology for selection of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSA). Presentations were made on management context, physical and biological systems, ecosystem relationships, human activities and EBSA within the Bras d’Or Lakes. After each presentation, discussion ensued. There was also time set aside to discuss how to better incorporate local and traditional knowledge into this report. In general, the EOAR was thought to be a good compilation of published scientific information and represented a useful snapshot of current conditions in the Lakes; however, it was agreed that some additional work was needed. In particular, it was felt that additional information was needed on the nearshore and terrestrial environments, as well as on smaller-scale features that may be exceptions to general trends. Incorporation of community data sources and knowledge was seen as an important next step. A few of the ecological assumptions were also questioned, such as the assumption that nutrients and primary production was limited within the Lakes, and it was suggested that new scientific information was being produced that might help to resolve these outstanding questions. Participants appreciated the effort that had gone in to developing a methodology for identification of Bras d’Or Lakes EBSA in the absence of national or regional guidance. The development of a relative scoring system and use of an accompanying narrative were of particular interest. However, participants had difficulties with some of the parameters that were evaluated, such as temperature and salinity, in terms of their role in determining significance. It was suggested that the evaluation and scoring of EBSA should be conducted by a group of people rather than by a single individual. Participants made a series of recommendations on next steps for the EOAR and EBSA. Suggestions made at this meeting will be incorporated into a revised EOAR, which will be produced by the Ocean and Coastal Management Division over the coming year. SOMMAIRE Les 2 et 3 novembre 2005, une quarantaine de scientifiques, de gestionnaires, de membres des Premières nations et de personnes concernées de la collectivité étaient réunis au Wagmatcook Cultural Centre au Cap Breton, en Nouvelle Écosse, pour examiner le Rapport d’aperçu et d’évaluation de l’écosystème du lac Bras d’Or rédigé par la Division de la gestion côtière et des océans du MPO, Région des Maritimes. Cette réunion avait pour but de vérifier l’exactitude et l’exhaustivité du document, d’en détecter les lacunes en matière d’information et d’examiner la méthode proposée pour la sélection des zones d'importance écologique et biologique (ZIEB). Des exposés ont été présentés sur le contexte de gestion, les systèmes physiques et biologiques, les relations entre les écosystèmes, les activités anthropiques et les ZIEB du lac Bras d’Or, chaque exposé étant suivi d’une discussion. On a également étudié les meilleures façons d’inclure dans le rapport les données provenant du savoir local et traditionnel. Globalement, le Rapport d’aperçu et d’évaluation de l’écosystème était