FEB – Fresenius Environmental Bulletin Founded Jointly by F. Korte and F. Coulston Production by PSP – Parlar Scientific Pu
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FEB – Fresenius Environmental Bulletin founded jointly by F. Korte and F. Coulston Production by PSP – Parlar Scientific Publications, Angerstr. 12, 85354 Freising, Germany in cooperation with Lehrstuhl für Chemisch-Technische Analyse und Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising - Weihenstephan, Germany Copyright © by PSP – Parlar Scientific Publications, Angerstr. 12, 85354 Freising, Germany. All rights are reserved, especially the right to translate into foreign language. No part of the journal may be reproduced in any form- through photocopying, microfilming or other processes- or converted to a machine language, especially for data processing equipment- without the written permission of the publisher. The rights of reproduction by lecture, radio and television transmission, magnetic sound recording or similar means are also reserved. Printed in GERMANY – ISSN 10181018----46194619 © by PSP Volume 11 – No 10b. 2002 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 794 © by PSP Volume 11 – No 10b. 2002 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin FEB --- EDITORIAL BOARBOARDD FEB --- ADVISORY BOARD Chief Editor: Environmental Analytical ChemiChemissstry:try: Prof. Dr. H. Parlar K. Ballschmitter, D - K. Bester, D - K. Fischer, D R. Kallenborn, N - D.C.G. Muir, CAN - R. Niessner, D Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Analytische Chemie W. Vetter, D TU München - 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Environmental Biology: D. Adelung, D - A. Görg, D - F. K. Kinoshita, U.S.A G.I. Kvesitadze, GEOR - A. Reichlmayr-Lais, D CoCo----Editors:Editors: R. Viswanathan, D Environmental Analytical Chemistry: Environmental Chemistry: Prof. Dr. W. Fresenius Institut Fresenius GmbH, J.P. Lay, D - J. Burhenne, D - S. Nitz, D – I. Holoubek; CZ Im Maisel 14, 65232 Taunusstein, Germany D. L. Swackhammer, U.S.A. - R. Zepp, U.S.A. Dr. D. Kotzias Environmental Toxicology: Commission of the European Communities, F. Bro-Rasmussen, DK - F. Coulston, U.S.A. - H. Frank, D Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, H. P. Hagenmeier, D - D. Schulz-Jander, U.S.A. 21020 Ispra (Varese), Italy H.U. Wolf, D Environmental Management: Environmental Biology: F.J. Carlin, Jr., U.S.A - E.B. Fitzpatrick III, U.S.A Prof. Dr. A. Piccolo O. Hutzinger, D - L.O. Ruzo, U.S.A - U. Schlottmann, D Università di Napoli “Frederico II”, P.J.M. Weusthof, NL Dipto. Di Scienze Chimico-Agrarie Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy Prof. Dr. G. Schüürmann UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum, Sektion Chemische Ökotoxikologie Leipzig-Halle GmbH, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Managing Editor: Environmental ChemiChemissstry:try: Dr. G. Leupold Institut für Chemisch-Technische Analyse und Chemische Prof. Dr. M. Bahadir Lebensmitteltechnologie, TU München Institut für Ökologische Chemie und Abfallanalytik 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany TU Braunschweig e-mail: [email protected] Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Prof. Dr. M. Spiteller Editorial ChiefChief----Officer:Officer: Institut für Umweltforschung Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany Selma Parlar PSP- Parlar Scientific Publications Angerstr.12, 85354 Freising, Germany Environmental ToxicToxicooology:logy: e-mail: [email protected] - www.psp-parlar.de Prof. Dr. H. Greim Institut für Toxikologie und Umwelthygiene Marketing Chief Manager: Lazarettstr. 62, 80636 München, Germany Max-Josef Kirchmaier Prof. Dr. A. Kettrup MASELL-Agency for Marketing & Communication, Public-Relations GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH Angerstr.12, 85354 Freising, Germany Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] - www.masell.com Environmental ManagManageeement:ment: Dr. H. Schlesing Abstracted/ Indexed in: Biology & Environmental Sciences, Secretary General, EARTO, C.A.B. International, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Rue de Luxembourg,3, 1000 Brussels, BELGIUM Abstracts, Current Awareness, Current Contents/ Agriculture, CSA Civil Engineering Abstracts, CSA Mechanical & Transporta- Prof. F. Vosniakos tion EngineeringIBIDS database, Information Ventures, Research T.E.I. of Thessaloniki, Applied Physics Lab. Alert, Science Citation Index (SCI), SciSearch, Selected Water P.O. Box 14561, 54101 Thessaloniki, Greece Resources Abstracts 795 © by PSP Volume 11 – No 10b. 2002 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin MESAEP Mediterranean Scientific Association of Environmental Protection e.V. MESAEP was founded in 1979 in Munich, Germany, as a non-profit scientific organization. The mem- bers, hailing from the Mediterranean and other countries, are scientists engaged in research and devel- opment, mainly in the field of environmental chemistry and technology as well as ecotoxicology. Objectives of MESAEP are: • To provide a forum for and to bring together interested individuals from all scientific disciplines, poli- tics, and economics to examine the current problems of environmental protection in the Mediterranean region. They shall investigate solutions to problems on regional, national, and international basis. For this purpose MESAEP makes critical appraisals to protect man and the environment in the Mediterra- nean Region from harmful effects of chemicals and physical agents, both natural and man-made. • To elaborate proposals and recommendations concerning the environmental quality and safety in or- der to enable the regulatory bodies of Mediterranean Countries to make proper decisions on safe use of chemicals and physical agents. Among other activities, MESAEP organizes biennial symposia on "Environmental Pollution and its Impact on Life in the Mediterranean Region" since 1981 together with further national and interna- tional organizations. These symposia were held in Athens/ Greece (1981), Crete/ Greece (1983), Istanbul/ Turkey (1985), Kavala/ Greece (1987), Blanes/ Spain (1989), Como/ Italy (1991), Juan Les Pin-Antibes/ France (1993), Rhodes/Greece (1995), S. Agnello di Sorrento/Italy (1997), Alicante/Spain (1999), and Limassol/ Cyprus (2001). All scientific papers and posters are published either in special proceedings volumes (1981, 1983) or in regular scientific journals (1985 in Chemosphere, 1987 and 1989 in Toxico- logical and Environmental Chemistry, and 1991-1999 in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin), as it is the case for 2001. The 11th International Symposium on “Environmental Pollution and its Impact on Life in the Medi- terranean Region” was jointly organized by MESAEP and SECOTOX (Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety) October 6-10, 2001, in Limassol, Cyprus, under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment of Cyprus and in collaboration with Universities and Research Centers from all over Europe and the Mediterranean Region. It was further supported by sev- eral Cyprus’ Municipalities and Organizations. Despite the extremely difficult political situation after the terror attack in New York September 11th, 2001, the symposium welcomed more than 150 scientists from Europe, Middle East, Asia and North Africa. A huge number of papers were presented as oral plenary lectures and in poster sessions. The scientific pro- gramme included five sessions: (i) Environmental policy, (ii) Atmospheric chemistry and climate change, (iii) Pathways and effects of chemicals in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems, (iv) Environmental control and risk assessment, and (v) Environmental and waste technologies. The main results of the sym- posium are summarized and concluded in this and further three successive issues of this journal. MESAEP spares no effort to improve the life-standards in the Mediterranean Region and is, therefore, ready for cooperation with all interested organizations and governmental bodies. Prof. Dr. mult. Dr. h. c. Muefit Bahadir (President of MESAEP) Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany 819 © by PSP Volume 11 – No 10b. 2002 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium “Environmental Pollution and its Impact on Life in the Mediterranean Region” TOPIC: Waste Technologies FOREWORD MESAEP symposia pursue the concept not only to A plenary lecture dealt with the environmental and identify problems caused by pollution in environmental health effects of biodiesel as alternative fuel found great media air, water and soil, but also to work out technical interest. Biodiesel can be produced from different types of measures as to how to deal with and solve these problems. oil plants or even of animal carcasses, and this is also That includes also socio-cultural and socio-political re- produced in Mediterranean countries, which causes some- flections and negotiations to meet the requirements of times problems , like residues and wastewater from olive Agenda 21 – Local Agenda – at the level of communities oil mills. Compared to fossil diesel biodiesel shows a and the regions. It is encouraging to see that there are significant reduction of soot and PAH emissions as a many institutions working on environmental engineering major positive aspect. The mutagenic potential of the issues including emission reduction technologies around exhaust particulate matter is also much lower than that the Mediterranean. Their approaches, of course, mainly originating from fossil diesel. However, the main problem deal with the current problems of their regions, e.g., waste from the use of biodiesel seems to be the high amounts of treatment technologies, both for hazardous wastes and NOx, aldehydes, and further ozone precursors, like al-