DOCSLIB.ORG

Space Science at WUELS Is Con- in This Part of Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space Science at WUELS Is Con- in This Part of Europe space in science-cover En:Layout 1 2017-11-13 09:23 Strona 1 SPACE in SCIENCE Polish Research and Higher Education Sector space in science-cover En:Layout 1 2017-11-13 09:23 Strona 2 Table of Contents: History of Polish discoveries in space ...... 2 Earth Observation ...................................... 4 Technology ................................................. 8 SSA and Navigation ................................. 14 Other ........................................................... 16 Astronomy ................................................. 19 Institutions supporting the research ....... 22 Planetariums ............................................. 25 Fields of higher education ....................... 27 Also registered on EMITS ....................... 30 1 History of Polish discoveries in space Speaking of the development of space technolo- the first modern astronomical instruments. Polish gies it should be remembered that they have been, astronomers, including Aleksander Wolszczan and still are, developed as a result of scientific re- and Andrzej Udalski, make discoveries in the search. It is development of the basic sciences: Universe today. In the field of space technology astronomy, physics, mechanics, electronics and development we also have achievements to be nanotechnology, that allows to build increasingly proud of. Our flagship scientific unit, the Space sophisticated devices and instruments; its is thanks Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Scien- to the basis sciences that today we have satellites, ces, builds high-quality research instruments that spacecrafts and the International Space Station. have been used in the missions such as Ro- Therefore, equally important to the space indus- setta, Cassini-Huygens and Mars Express, and try building is to support science at the European at the Herschel Space Observatory. The first two and national levels. scientific satellites were built as part of the Po- Poland, a country that has recently become the lish-Canadian-Austrian programme BRITE. They 20th member of the European Space Agency, is have been launched in 2013 and 2014. Mis- also taking part in the development of the space sion Control Center is located at the Copernicus activity. The Polish tradition of interest in the Astronomical Center in Warsaw. Young Poles are space dates back to the fifteenth century. The also active in the space sector. In 2012, the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus made the PW-Sat satellite built by students of the War- first scientific revolution in this field. The Polish as- saw University of Technology was launched into 2 tronomer Johannes Hevelius constructed one of the Earth’s orbit. Robots built by students from History of Polish discoveries in space the technical universities from Białystok or Lodz ropean countries, and the rate of success of Po - won the prestigious international contest Rover lish participants in this field has been almost two Challenge organized by The Mars Society. These times higher than the average for the overall 7th achievements are treated not only as a confirma- Framework Programme. In particular, remote Earth tion of the quality of Polish science and techno- observation techniques have a long tradition. logy, but also as our contribution to the Satellite observation and its applications are pro- implementation of the European Space Policy. bably the most developed segment of the coun- Poland is trying to make good use of its opportunities try’s space sector, as evidenced by the number in the space sector, brought about by the membership of submitted and positively evaluated proposals in in the European Union and the European Space this area. Particularly well developed is also the Agency, both in the field of science and of industry. Polish commercial market of satellite navigation Currently, more than 200 Polish enterprises and which is the source of many innovative solutions, research centres participate in the EU and ESA products and services. programmes. Contemporary Polish astronomers Polish scientific institutions and Polish com- have made a number of discoveries, and the space panies are open to cooperation with Euro- sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of the pean partners and thanks to their experience, Polish economy. This is evidenced by the results know ledge and pursuit to make the best use achieved within the 7th Framework Programme in of the country’s scie nce and technology po- which Poland, with the participation of its 49 re- tential can significantly contribute to the search teams, is in the 12th place among all Eu- growth of European innovation. 3 Earth observation Cracow University of Technology Forest Research Institute in Sekocin Stary Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Lublin www.pk.edu.pl www.ibles.pl www.ipan.lublin.pl Cracow University of Technology (CUT) has over The Forest Research Institute (FRI) was estab- Institute of Agrophysics (IA PAS)has the mission to 70-year-old tradition of educating engineers, lished in 1930.The FRI conducts research in the provide scientific research in agrophysics. It keeps modernity and openness to change as well as hard wide range of fields directly and indirectly re- the orientation of physics since its fundation. Due to work on the improvement of the Polish scientific lated to the forestry. The FRI carries out research historical reasons this orientation was split and fo- and technical thought. Currently, the university ed- for the State Forests National Forest Holding cused on multiple application areas ordered to dif- ucates 14.5 thousand full-time and part-time stu- and other institutions including the Ministry ferent domains serving agricultural and food industry dents of BSc and MSc, PhD and postgraduate of the Environment, Ministry of Science and purposes. Since two decades it is changing the studies. Our educational offer comprises 31 pro- Higher Education, the National Fund for Envi- orientation in a new order determined by scientific grammes of BSc and MSc studies in Polish at 7 ronment Protection and Water Management as aspects related not exclusively to agriculture, but faculties and 7 programmes of study in English at well as the European Union under its Framework to a broad spectrum of Earth Sciences, like envi- 5 faculties. The university employs nearly 1 200 Programmes and financial instrument LIFE+. FRI ronmental problems on regional scales in Poland with researchers and tutors that are outstanding profes- cooperates within the frameworks of IUFRO and a particular focus on the Eastern part of the country sionals who participate in intercollegiate and inter- FAO, through contacts with partner institutions recognized in EU as the Euroregion Bug. Currently national research teams. Their knowledge and across Europe and received the status of PRO- IA PAS is a formal organizational authority entity expertise allow our university to maintain the high FOREST Centre of Excellence in the area for multidisciplinary expertizinge the agricultural position in Polish and in the international scientific of protection of forest ecosystems. FRI partici- and the environmental management in the region, community. CUT Faculty of Physics, Mathematics pated in projects TATRY (FP4), and EFFE and and on the national scale. IA PAS is the national and Computer Science is involved in Baltic Sat SCEMAFOR (FP5). The institute have been leader in soil physics in Poland. Apps program and in research in field of process- involved in COST actions and in 10 projects ing techniques of satellite data gathered from as part of the EU's 6th Framework Programme: Copernicus. In the framework of bilateral agree- COMFOR, EFORWOOD, EVOLTREE, ments and the Erasmus + programme, Cracow FIRE PARADOX, FORTHREATS, TREE- University of Technology conducts research coope - BREEDEX, 7th Framework Programme: BAC- ration and student exchange with several hundred CARA, FLEXWOOD, ISEFOR, FORFIRE, universities in 47 countries around the world. LIFE+: FutMon and INTERREG IVC: About 78 thousand students graduated from EFFMIS, EUFOFINET. At present, IBL parti- CUT - a huge crowd of well-prepared engineering cipates in more than 150 international and professionals. We focus on ensuring high quality national actions and research programs financed by of education giving students the most durable and the EU (e.g. FP7, COST, European Funds), Po- most valuable asset - knowledge. lish State Forests and governmental organizations. 4 Earth observation Institute of Geodesy and Cartography Institute of Meteorology and Water Institute of Oceanology in Warsaw Management – National Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk www.igik.edu.pl www.imgw.pl www.iopan.gda.pl The Institute (IGiK) is a research and develop- The Institute of Meteorology and Water Mana - The Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Acad- ment institution. Our mission is to carry out the gement – National Research Institute (IMGW- emy of Science (IO PAN) was founded in innovative research and applied science in the field PIB) is a research-development unit created on the 1983. Today it is the leading oceanographic in- of geodesy, cartography, remote sensing and GIS. 30th of December 1972. It is responsible for me- stitution in Poland, having also well-established po- The Center of Remote Sensing of IGIK is one of teorological and hydrological protection of the sition in the European and Worldwide marine the leading institutions specialized in applying both country. Statutory tasks of the Institute include
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wojciech Roszkowski Post-Communist Lustration in Poland: a Political and Moral Dilemma Congress of the Societas Ethica, Warsaw 22 August 2009 Draft Not to Be Quoted
    Wojciech Roszkowski Post-Communist Lustration in Poland: a Political and Moral Dilemma Congress of the Societas Ethica, Warsaw 22 August 2009 Draft not to be quoted 1. Introduction Quite recently a well-known Polish writer stated that the major dividing line in the Polish society runs across the attitude towards lustration. Some Poles, he said, have been secret security agents or collaborators or, for some reasons, defend this cooperation, others have not and want to make things clear1. Even if this statement is a bit exaggerated, it shows how heated the debates on lustration in Poland are. Secret services in democratic countries are a different story than security services in totalitarian states. Timothy Garton Ash even calls this comparison “absurd”2. A democratic state is, by definition, a common good of its citizens. Some of them are professionals dealing with the protection of state in police, armed forces and special services, all of them being subordinated to civilian, constitutional organs of the state. Other citizens are recruited by these services extremely rarely and not without their consent. In totalitarian states secret services are the backbone of despotic power of the ruling party and serve not the security of a country but the security of the ruling elites. Therefore they should rather be given the name of security services. They tend to bring under their control all aspects of political, social, economic, and cultural life of the subjects of the totalitarian state, becoming, along with uniformed police and armed forces, a pillar of state coercion. Apart from propaganda, which is to make people believe in the ideological goals of the totalitarian state, terror is the main vehicle of power, aiming at discouraging people from any thoughts and deeds contrary to the said goals and even from any activity independent of the party-state.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulsar Roche Limit Magnetic Field
    Planetary Environment Around a Pulsar David Dunkum, Jacob Houdyschell, Caleb Houdyschell, and Abigail Chaffins Spring Valley High School Huntington, WV Abstract: Pulsars are densely-packed, spinning neutron stars Finally, an orbiting body must survive the that are the remaining cores of massive stars that extreme magnetic fields a pulsar constantly ended in a catastrophic supernova. Due to the emits. Many pulsars have such powerful extreme processes that these stellar objects are magnetic fields that it warps the electron formed, it was believed that any planets orbiting it clouds of atoms into needle-like shapes less would have been annihilated by the explosive events than 1% of their original size, rendering much of their creation or survive the intense conditions of the chemistry of life impossible in close around a pulsar. In 1992, it was discovered that not proximity to the star. only were planetary bodies possible around pulsars, an actual pulsar system (PSR 1257+12) was found by To calculate the magnetic field strength Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail with two bodies (measured in Gauss) of a pulsar, the radius of orbiting the pulsar. the pulsar (R), the angle between the pulsar’s 162 pointings, which contain about 5670 plots, were magnetic poles and it’s rotational axis (α), analyzed to collect data for this research. Out of the and the pulsar’s moment of inertia (I) must be 5670 plots, three known pulsars were found and determined. Since, like before, these values analyzed to collect the relevant data needed to are not easily accessible, a “typical” pulsar’s determine the average conditions one would expect to values are used, which are 10 km, 900, and encounter around a pulsar.
    [Show full text]
  • MATTERS of GRAVITY, a Newsletter for the Gravity Community, Number 4
    MATTERS OF GRAVITY Number 4 Fall 1994 Table of Contents Editorial ................................................... ................... 2 Correspondents ................................................... ............ 2 Gravity news: Report on the APS Topical Group in Gravitation, Beverly Berger ............. 3 Research briefs: Gravitational Microlensing and the Search for Dark Matter: A Personal View, Bohdan Paczynski .......................................... 5 Laboratory Gravity: The G Mystery and Intrinsic Spin Experiments, Riley Newman ............................... 11 LIGO Project update, Stan Whitcomb ....................................... 15 Conference Reports: PASCOS ’94, Peter Saulson .................................................. 16 The Vienna meeting, P. Aichelburg, R. Beig .................................. 19 The Pitt Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Meeting, Jeff Winicour ......... 20 International Symposium on Experimental Gravitation, Nathiagali, Pakistan, Munawar Karim ....................................... 22 arXiv:gr-qc/9409004v1 2 Sep 1994 10th Pacific Coast Gravity Meeting , Jim Isenberg ........................... 23 Editor: Jorge Pullin Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6300 Fax: (814)863-9608 Phone (814)863-9597 Internet: [email protected] 1 Editorial The newsletter strides on. I had to perform some pushing around and arm-twisting to get articles for this number. I wish to remind everyone that suggestions and ideas for contributions are especially welcome. The newsletter is growing rather weak on the theoretical side. Keep those suggestions coming! I put together this newsletter mostly on a palmtop computer while travelling, with some contributions arriving the very day of publication (on which, to complicate matters, I was giving a talk at a conference, my email reader crashed and our network went down). One of the contributions is a bit longer than the usual format. Again it is my fault for failing to warn the author in due time.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Really Discovered the First Exoplanet?
    Who Really Discovered the First Exoplanet? Two Swiss astronomers got a well-deserved Nobel for finding an exoplanet, but there’s an intriguing backstory By Josh Winn The year 1995, like 1492, was the dawn of an age of discovery. The new explorers, instead of using seagoing vessels to discover continents, use telescopes to discover planets revolving around distant stars. Thousands of these extrasolar planets, a term usually shortened to “exoplanets,” have been found, including a few potentially Earth- like worlds, along with bizarre objects that bear no resemblance to any of the planets in our solar system. Two of these exoplanet explorers, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, were recently awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery they made in 1995. My colleagues and I are united in our admiration for their pioneering work, and in our pride to be continuing what they began. But there is something peculiar about the Nobel Prize citation. It says: “for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.” Shouldn’t it say the first exoplanet? After all, hundreds of astronomers have discovered an exoplanet. I’ve helped find a few. Even high school students and amateur astronomers have discovered them. Did the Nobel Committee make a typographical error? No, they did not, and thereby hangs a tale. Just as it is problematic to decide who discovered America (Christopher Columbus? John Cabot? Leif Erikson? Amerigo Vespucci, whose name is the one that stuck? Those who came on foot from Siberia tens of thousands of years ago?) it is difficult to say who discovered the first exoplanet.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Microlensing Planets Through the Planetary-Caustic Channel
    The Astronomical Journal, 161:293 (12pp), 2021 June https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abf8bd © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. OGLE-2018-BLG-0567Lb and OGLE-2018-BLG-0962Lb: Two Microlensing Planets through the Planetary-caustic Channel Youn Kil Jung1,2,15 , Cheongho Han3,15 , Andrzej Udalski4,16 , Andrew Gould1,5,6,15, Jennifer C. Yee7,15 and Michael D. Albrow8 , Sun-Ju Chung1,2 , Kyu-Ha Hwang1 , Yoon-Hyun Ryu1 , In-Gu Shin1 , Yossi Shvartzvald9 , Wei Zhu10 , Weicheng Zang11 , Sang-Mok Cha1,12, Dong-Jin Kim1, Hyoun-Woo Kim1 , Seung-Lee Kim1,2 , Chung-Uk Lee1,2 , Dong-Joo Lee1, Yongseok Lee1,12, Byeong-Gon Park1,2 , Richard W. Pogge5 (The KMTNet Collaboration), and Przemek Mróz4,13 , Michał K. Szymański4 , Jan Skowron4 , Radek Poleski4,5, Igor Soszyński4 , Paweł Pietrukowicz4 , Szymon Kozłowski4 , Krzystof Ulaczyk14 , Krzysztof A. Rybicki4, Patryk Iwanek4 , and Marcin Wrona4 (The OGLE Collaboration) 1 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea 2 University of Science and Technology, Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea 3 Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea 4 Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland 5 Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA 6 Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany 7 Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 8 University of Canterbury, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand 9 Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 10 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Curriculum Vitae
    Jason Thomas Wright—CV Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Phone: (814) 863-8470 Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds Fax: (814) 863-2842 525 Davey Lab email: [email protected] Penn State University http://sites.psu.edu/astrowright University Park, PA 16802 @Astro_Wright US Citizen, DOB: 2 August 1977 ORCiD: 0000-0001-6160-5888 Education UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY PhD Astrophysics May 2006 Thesis: Stellar Magnetic Activity and the Detection of Exoplanets Adviser: Geoffrey W. Marcy MA Astrophysics May 2003 BOSTON UNIVERSITY BA Astronomy and Physics (mathematics minor) summa cum laude May 1999 Thesis: Probing the Magnetic Field of the Bok Globule B335 Adviser: Dan P. Clemens Awards and fellowships NASA Group Achievement Award for NEID 2020 Drake Award 2019 Dean’s Climate and Diversity Award 2012 Rock Institute Ethics Fellow 2011-2012 NASA Group Achievement Award for the SIM Planet Finding Capability Study Team 2008 University of California Hewlett Fellow 1999-2000, 2003-2004 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow 2000-2003 UC Berkeley Outstanding Graduate Student Instructor 2001 Phi Beta Kappa 1999 Barry M. Goldwater Scholar 1997 Last updated — Jan 15, 2021 1 Jason Thomas Wright—CV Positions and Research experience Associate Department Head for Development July 2020–present Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University Director, Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center March 2020–present Professor, Penn State University July 2019 – present Deputy Director, Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds July 2018–present Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University Acting Director July 2020–August 2021 Associate Professor, Penn State University July 2015 – June 2019 Associate Department Head for Diversity and Equity August 2017–August 2018 Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University Visiting Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley June 2016 – June 2017 Assistant Professor, Penn State University Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    AAS Newsletter July/August 2011, Issue 159 - The Online Publication for the members of the American Astronomical Society Table of Contents President's Column 2 2011 Chrétien Grant Winner 11 From the Executive Office 4 IAU Membership Deadline 11 Secretary's Corner 5 Highlights from the Hub of the Council Actions 6 Universe 12 Journals Update 8 SPD Meeting 23 25 Things About... 9 Washington News Back Page A A S American Astronomical Society AAS Officers President's Column Debra M. Elmegreen, President David J. Helfand, President-Elect Debra Meloy Elmegreen, [email protected] Lee Anne Willson, Vice-President Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Vice-President Edward B. Churchwell, Vice-President Hervey (Peter) Stockman, Treasurer G. Fritz Benedict, Secretary Richard F. Green, Publications Board Chair We hit a homerun in Boston with Timothy F. Slater, Education Officer one of our biggest summer meetings Councilors ever, including over 1300 registrants; Bruce Balick still, it had the more intimate feel that Richard G. French Eileen D. Friel characterizes our summer gatherings. It Edward F. Guinan was a privilege to share our 218th meeting Patricia Knezek James D. Lowenthal with the American Association of Robert Mathieu Variable Star Observers on the occasion Angela Speck th Jennifer Wiseman of their 100 anniversary, and to present them a certificate to commemorate Executive Office Staff the long-time professional-amateur Kevin B. Marvel, Executive Officer Tracy Beale, Membership Services collaboration we have all enjoyed. Administrator Margaret Geller gave a stirring Henry Chris Biemesderfer, Director of Publishing Laronda Boyce, Meetings & Exhibits Norris Russell Lecture on her discovery Coordinator of large-scale structure in the Universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Microlensing in the Milky
    ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENSING IN THE MILKY WAY Przemysław Mróz Ph.D. thesis written under the supervision of prof. dr hab. Andrzej Udalski Warsaw University Observatory Warsaw, April 2019 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Andrzej Udalski, for the encouragement and advice he has provided throughout my time as his student. I have been extraordinarily lucky to have the supervisor who gave me immeasurable amount of his time, as a researcher and a mentor. This dissertation would not be possible without the sheer amount of work from all members of the OGLE team and their time spent at Cerro Las Campanas. In particular, I would like to thank Prof. Michał Szymanski,´ Prof. Igor Soszynski,´ Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Paweł Pietrukowicz, Szymon Kozłowski, Radek Poleski, and Jan Skowron, who have helped me since my very first steps at the Warsaw University Observatory. I thank all my collegues from the Warsaw Observatory for many helpful discussions and support. I am also grateful to Andrew Gould, Takahiro Sumi, and Yossi Shvartzvald, who shared the photometric data that are a part of this thesis. I thank Calen Henderson and all Pasadena-based microlensers for their hospitality during my stay at Caltech. I also thank my family for their support in my effort to pursue my chosen field of astronomy. I acknowledge financial support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (“Diamond Grant” number DI2013/014743), the Foundation for Polish Science (Program START), and the National Science Center, Poland (grant ETIUDA 2018/28/T/ST9/00096). I also received support from the European Research Council grant No.
    [Show full text]
  • Spitzer Microlensing Parallax Reveals Two Isolated Stars in the Galactic Bulge
    DRAFT VERSION APRIL 26, 2019 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 Spitzer Microlensing parallax reveals two isolated stars in the Galactic bulge WEICHENG ZANG,1 YOSSI SHVARTZVALD,2 TIANSHU WANG,1 ANDRZEJ UDALSKI,3 CHUNG-UK LEE,4, 5 TAKAHIRO SUMI,6 JESPER SKOTTFELT,7 SHUN-SHENG LI,8, 9 SHUDE MAO,1, 8 AND WEI ZHU10 — JENNIFER C. YEE,11 SEBASTIANO CALCHI NOVATI,2 CHARLES A. BEICHMAN,2 GEOFFERY BRYDEN,12 SEAN CAREY,2 B. SCOTT GAUDI,13 AND CALEN B. HENDERSON2 (THE Spitzer TEAM) PRZEMEK MROZ´ ,3 JAN SKOWRON,3 RADOSLAW POLESKI,3, 13 MICHAŁ K. SZYMANSKI´ ,3 IGOR SOSZYNSKI´ ,3 PAWEŁ PIETRUKOWICZ,3 SZYMON KOZŁOWSKI,3 KRZYSZTOF ULACZYK,14 KRZYSZTOF A. RYBICKI,3 AND PATRYK IWANEK3 (THE OGLE COLLABORATION) ETIENNE BACHELET,15 GRANT CHRISTIE,16 JONATHAN GREEN,17 STEVE HENNERLEY,17 DAN MAOZ,18 TIM NATUSCH,16, 19 RICHARD W. POGGE,13, 20 RACHEL A. STREET,15 AND YIANNIS TSAPRAS21 (THE LCO AND µFUN FOLLOW-UP TEAMS) MICHAEL D. ALBROW,22 SUN-JU CHUNG,4, 23 ANDREW GOULD,4, 13, 24 CHEONGHO HAN,25 KYU-HA HWANG,4 YOUN KIL JUNG,26, 4 YOON-HYUN RYU,4 IN-GU SHIN,4 SANG-MOK CHA,4, 27 DONG-JIN KIM,4 HYOUN-WOO KIM,4 SEUNG-LEE KIM,4, 23 DONG-JOO LEE,4 YONGSEOK LEE,4, 27 BYEONG-GON PARK,4, 23 AND RICHARD W. POGGE13 (THE KMTNET COLLABORATION) IAN A. BOND,28 FUMIO ABE,29 RICHARD BARRY,30 DAVID P. BENNETT,30, 31 APARNA BHATTACHARYA,30, 31 MARTIN DONACHIE,32 AKIHIKO FUKUI,33 YUKI HIRAO,6 YOSHITAKA ITOW,29 IONA KONDO,6 NAOKI KOSHIMOTO,34, 35 MAN CHEUNG ALEX LI,32 YUTAKA MATSUBARA,29 YASUSHI MURAKI,29 SHOTA MIYAZAKI,6 MASAYUKI NAGAKANE,6 CLEMENT´ RANC,30 NICHOLAS J.
    [Show full text]
  • Didier Queloz and Michel Mayor's Nobel Prize in Physics 2019
    Rev. Cubana Fis. 36, 152 (2019) PARA F´ISICOS Y NO F´ISICOS FINDING NEW WORLDS: DIDIER QUELOZ AND MICHEL MAYOR’S NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2019 ENCONTRANDO NUEVOS MUNDOS: LOS PREMIOS NOBEL DE F´ISICA 2019 DE DIDIER QUELOZ Y MICHEL MAYOR R. CARDENAS´ y Planetary Science Laboratory, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba; [email protected] † corresponding author Recibido 20/11/2019; Aceptado 23/11/2019 PACS: Astrometry (astrometr´ıa), 95.10.Jk; Instrumentation (instrumentacion),´ 95.55.Br; Astrobiology (astrobiolog´ıa), 91.62.Fc, 96.55.+z I. INTRODUCTION if it is approaching), and c is the speed of light in vacuum. For the non-relativistic limit, it can be shown that, Since ancient times, humans have speculated on the potential V existence of other Solar Systems, with planets orbiting a parent z β = ; (3) star [1,2]. In 1952 a method based on the measurement of ∼ c stellar radial velocities was proposed to detect exoplanets [3]. which is the classical expression for the radial redshift caused However, formidable technical challenges remained a major by Doppler effect (we note that motion in the transverse obstacle for several decades. In 1992 –40 years later– the direction causes the so called transverse Doppler effect, so first observational detection of exoplanets was reported by far of little or no use for exoplanet detection). astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail [4]. Using the Arecibo radio telescope, they detected two giant planets As follows from equations1 and2, measuring z would allow orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12 in the constellation of Virgo.
    [Show full text]
  • Announcement Collegium of Polish Scientists
    The Polish Review, Vol. 60, No. 4, 2015 © The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Announcement Collegium of Polish Scientists Hanna Chroboczek Kelker and Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Hundreds of eminent scholars of Polish origin and ancestry reside in the United States. These scholars have excelled and achieved high recognition in diverse branches of science. While many are known for their outstanding work within the confines of their particular field of specialty, little is known of achievements by scientists working in other disciplines or by the general public in the United States or in Poland. In 2012 the Kosciuszko Foundation (KF) established the Kosciuszko Founda- tion Collegium of Eminent Scientists. The goals for this initiative are (1) to identify, record, and catalogue eminent Polish scientists and scientists of Polish descent resid- ing in the United States who have made significant contributions in their respective scientific fields and (2) to recognize, highlight, and publicize their achievements. Currently the selection of the Collegium members is limited to scientists special- izing in the natural sciences (broadly defined). The criteria for election of Collegium members are as follows: (1) Professorship and tenured position(s) at their respective universities or colleges or leadership position(s) and a record of significant achievement at research-o riented national or private institutions, (2) a significant number (50 or more depending on the disci- pline) of scientific publications in peer- reviewed journals, (3) a significant number of citations of authored publications, (4) a significant number (over 10) of U.S. patents, and (5) an advanced scientific career, combined with active participation in Polish- American scientific institutions, for example, the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America (PIASA), the KF, or engineering or medical professional societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Brave New Worlds?
    PUBLISHED: 4 APRIL 2017 | VOLUME: 1 | ARTICLE NUMBER: 0113 editorial Brave new worlds? Twenty-five years ago, the detection of the first extrasolar planets opened up an area of research that has fascinated both researchers and the general public alike. Are we alone in the Universe? This oft-posed a brown dwarf? And would 51 Pegasi b be TRAPPIST-1b Pb = 1.51 d question is a loaded one. Given the billions able to sustain an atmosphere? In order to 1.00 of stars in our own Galaxy, surely life study exoplanet atmospheres, radial velocity TRAPPIST-1c P = 2.42 d must exist somewhere beyond our planet. measurements are not enough. The planet c And what exactly do we mean by life? For has to transit across its star. TRAPPIST-1d Pd = 4.05 d Earth-based lifeforms that we know, liquid The first such transiting exoplanet was 0.98 water and sufficient gravity to hold onto an observed in 1999. A slight dip in the light TRAPPIST-1e Pe = 6.10 d atmosphere are required, at the very least. curve was measured as part of the star was TRAPPIST-1f Pf = 9.20 d These conditions define the ideal distance eclipsed. From the change in the measured 0.96 Relative brightness Relative (the ‘Goldilocks’ zone of habitability) starlight, we get the mass ratio between TRAPPIST-1g Pg = 12.35 d between a planet and its star as well as a the planet and the star. Molecules in a TRAPPIST-1h Ph = 14−25 d minimum planetary mass. On the occasion of transiting planet’s atmosphere absorb the 0.94 the twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery light emitted by the star behind it, so we of the first extrasolar planets, we look back can glean information on the composition –0.04 –0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 and ahead.
    [Show full text]