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Akadeemiliseks Kasutuseks Sobiva Grupitöötarkvara Analüüs Seminaritöö Tallinna Ülikool Matemaatika-Loodusteaduskond Informaatika osakond Akadeemiliseks kasutuseks sobiva grupitöötarkvara analüüs Seminaritöö Koostaja: Mihkel Mikkelsaar Juhendaja: Kalle Tabur-Jõgi Tallinn 2005 Sisukord 1. Eesõna..............................................................................................................................................3 2. Grupitöötarkvara..............................................................................................................................4 3. Grupivara akadeemilises asutuses................................................................................................... 6 4. Erinevate grupivara rakenduste ülevaade........................................................................................8 4.1. OpenGroupware.org.............................................................................................................. 10 4.2. Open Xchange........................................................................................................................12 4.3. Kolab......................................................................................................................................14 4.4. eGroupWare...........................................................................................................................15 4.5. phpGroupWare.......................................................................................................................16 4.6. Moregroupware......................................................................................................................17 4.7. Bynari Insight Server.............................................................................................................18 4.8. Microsoft Exchange...............................................................................................................19 4.9. Lotus Domino........................................................................................................................ 20 5. Grupivara vead. Grupivara tulevik................................................................................................ 21 6. Kokkuvõte..................................................................................................................................... 22 7. Viited............................................................................................................................................. 23 8. Allikad........................................................................................................................................... 24 9. Lisad.............................................................................................................................................. 26 9.1. Outlook-i ühilduvus kolmanda osapoole serveritega.............................................................26 9.2. Kasutatud lühendid................................................................................................................ 27 9.3. Grupivarade ülevaatlik tabel..................................................................................................29 2 1. Eesõna - Inimene on ühiskondlik loom - Aristoteles Inimesed kasutavad üksteist mõjutades mitmeid erinevaid suhtlemisviise. Vahel jagatakse tundeid, tihti vesteldakse ühistest tuttavatest. Mõnikord on suhtlemisviisiks läbirääkimised, infotunnid, koosolekud. Suhelda võivad omavahel nii üksikisikud kui ka grupid. Kui veel mõni aeg tagasi ei pööratud grupisuhtlusele palju tähelepanu, siis tänapäevaks on olukord tunduvalt muutunud ning leitakse, et iga organisatsiooni olemus sõltub just gruppidest, mis selle sees tegutsevad. Grupp, täpsemalt sotsiaalne grupp, on inimeste ühendus, milles kaks või rohkem inimest tegutsevad koos ühise eesmärgi nimel (Vadi 2001: 26). Koostöö - see on tegutsemine grupis, millest saavad kasu kõik osapooled ning edeneb ühine eesmärk. Eduka organisatsiooni eelduseks on hästi korraldatud grupisisene suhtlemine, mis aitab vältida võimalikke tekkivaid probleeme ning möödarääkimisi grupitasandil. Kui grupid on väikesed, siis ei teki sealt tuleva info haldamisega probleeme. Grupi suurenedes tekib vajadus leida lahendus, kuidas oleks mõistlik teavet hallata ning mil moel seda otstarbekalt kasutada. Üheks selliseks võimaluseks on grupitöötarkvara. Antud töö eesmärgiks on püüd avada grupitöötarkvara mõistet ning tuua välja populaarsemad tarkvaralised lahendused, mille põhjal oleks võimalik valida välja konkreetne pakett, mida oleks võimalik kasutusele võtta Tallinna Ülikooli informaatika osakonnas. 3 2. Grupitöötarkvara Informatsiooniajastul, on inimestel hoopis teised mured kui enne elanud inimestel. Toona oli teadmiste omandamisel põhiliseks küsimuseks: „Kust saada teadmisi, vajalikke raamatuid?“. Tänapäeval on põhiliseks küsimuseks: „Kuidas toime tulla infoküllusega?“. Aastaks 2010 ennustatakse, et teabe hulk kahekordistub iga 11 tunni järel (McKnight 2001: 4). Teavet on igasugust: kuupäevad, kellaajad, uued kontaktandmed, tööülesanded, esemete ning kokkusaamiste asukohad. Samuti jõuab teave meieni erinevaid infokanaleid pidi: mobiiltelefon, e-kirjad, suu- sõnalised teated, uudistevood. Sageli muutub info haldamine väga keeruliseks, sest kasutatakse märkmikke, lipikud, meeldetuletusprogramme, mobiilirakendusi või loodetakse lihtsalt mälule. Selle tulemusena on info haldamine ja korrastamine kulukam kui selle info kasutamisest saadav tulu. Meie ajastul on läinud inimesed ka varasemast tunduvalt mobiilsemaks. Erinevad töögrupid tekivad kiiremini ning harvad pole ka juhused, kus organisatsiooni ühte töögruppi kuuluvad inimesed ei asu mitte ainult erinevates riikides, vaid pole omavahel kunagi kohtunudki. Puhtalt e- kirjade ning telefonikõnede kaudu on väga raske luua head grupisisest suhtlemist, mis on eelduseks tugevale grupile, organisatsioonile. Koostöö osatähtsust organisatsioonide arengus näitab ka Collaborative Strategies uuring „Electronic Collaboration on the Internet and Intranets“ (Elektrooniline koostöö Internetis ja intranetides), mis toob välja, et 83% uuringus osalenutest teatas, et nende ettevõtte jaoks on koostöö kriitilise tähtsusega. 56% osalenutest väitis, et koostöö on vajalik toetamaks hajalipaiknevat tööjõudu, suurendades infovahetust, koordinatsiooni, planee- rimist ning aidates keerulisemate probleemidega tegelejaid. 13% kasutas erinevaid koostöö- strateegiaid, et vähendada tootearenduse tsüklite kestvusaega. Grupitöötarkvara esimeseks pääsukeseks loetakse firmat Lotus Software, kes lõi tarkvara nimega Lotus Notes (aastal 1989) ning hiljem lisas juurde serveri Lotus Domino (Wikipedia 2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software). Grupitöötarkvara algus ulatub tagasi kuue- kümnendatesse, mil Douglas Engelbart (arvutihiire idee üks autoritest) ning Stanfordi Uuringute Instituudi teadlased lõid revolutsioonilise arvutisüsteemi nimega NLS (oNLine System1), mis kasutas esimesena grupitöö kontseptsiooni. Süsteem koosnes ressursse jagavast serverist ja 16 klientarvutist (Wikipedia 2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLS_%28computer_system%29). Grupitöötarkvara võib nimetada ka koostöötarkvaraks, rühmatarkvaraks (Hanson, Tavast 1996: 1 Edasised lühendite seletused leiab töö Lisast. 4 95) või lühendatult grupivaraks. Erinevad nimetused võimaldavad näha antud termini erinevaid vaatenurki. Termin koostöötarkvara aitab aduda tarkvara külgi, mis viitavad otseselt antud tarkvara võimele edendada omavahelist infovahetust ning parendada suhtlemist, millest saavad kasu kõik osapooled. Loomulikult aitab see kaasa koostöö objekti edenemisele. Termin „grupitöötarkvara“ aitab näha seost tarkvara ja gruppides kasutatava infohaldusvahendite vahel. Sellisteks vahenditeks on ühine kalender, ressursside haldus, teated alamgruppidele, dokumentide/ülesannete delegeerimine jne. Grupivara on rakendustarkvara, mis lubab kahel või enamal inimesel töötada koos või grupina, samaaegselt ning erinevatel töökohtadel, lõimides tehtava töö üheks terviklikuks projektiks. Grupivara peab võimaldama tuge kahele või enamale kasutajale, kes on hõivatud ühise ülesande täitmisega ning pakkuma neile kasutajaliidest jagatud keskkonnale ligipääsemiseks (Ralston, Reilly 1996: 588). Jagatud keskkonna all mõeldakse eelkõige keskkonna kasutajatele ühiselt kättesaadavaid andmebaase, tööfunktsioone jne. Kasutatavate tarkvaraliste vahendite poolest saab grupitarkvara jagada kaheks: lahendused, kus tuleb eraldi installeerida nii klient kui server (nn. fat-client rakendused) ning veebipõhised lahendused, kus eraldi klienti arvutisse paigaldama ei pea ning kogu töö käib veebilehitseja abiga. Viimased on populaarsemad just praegusel ajal, võimaldades kiiret ligipääsu andmetele igast internetti ühendatud arvutist, millel on tagatud ligipääs grupivaraserverile. Veebipõhiste lahenduste miinuseks saab tuua asjaolu, et neile pääseb ligi ainult läbi arvutivõrgu. Kuna erinevad kliendimasinad muutuvad järjest mobiilsemaks siis tihti on vaja andmeid salvestada ka klientarvutisse, et pääseda neile ligi kohtades, kus arvutivõrk pole kättesaadav või esineb tõrkeid tema töös ning see annab tugeva eelise fat-client tüüpi rakendustele. Üheks tüüpilisemaks rakenduseks, millele soovitakse ligi pääseda ka ilma internetita, on e-kirjad ning kontaktandmed. Klient võimaldab sooritada teatud toimingud, ning kui arvuti ühendatakse võrku, sünkroniseeritakse kliendis ja serveris olev info. Fat client tüüpi vahendite eeliseks räägib ka asjaolu, et üldiselt on neil olemas ka veebipõhine kasutajaliides. Puhtalt veebipõhiste vahendite
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