(Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Norway VII
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hoverflies: the Garden Mimics
Article Hoverflies: the garden mimics. Edmunds, Malcolm Available at http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1620/ Edmunds, Malcolm (2008) Hoverflies: the garden mimics. Biologist, 55 (4). pp. 202-207. ISSN 0006-3347 It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. For more information about UCLan’s research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for <name of research Group>. For information about Research generally at UCLan please go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/research/ All outputs in CLoK are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including Copyright law. Copyright, IPR and Moral Rights for the works on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the policies page. CLoK Central Lancashire online Knowledge www.clok.uclan.ac.uk Hoverflies: the garden mimics Mimicry offers protection from predators by convincing them that their target is not a juicy morsel after all. it happens in our backgardens too and the hoverfly is an expert at it. Malcolm overflies are probably the best the mimic for the model and do not attack Edmunds known members of tbe insect or- it (Edmunds, 1974). Mimicry is far more Hder Diptera after houseflies, blue widespread in the tropics than in temperate bottles and mosquitoes, but unlike these lands, but we have some of the most superb insects they are almost universally liked examples of mimicry in Britain, among the by the general public. They are popular hoverflies. -
Baccha (Ocyptamus) Medina, B
The Syrphidae of Puerto Rico1'2 H. S. Telford3-* One cannot state with certainty when the first syrphid was collected from Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Fabricius described a number of 1 Manuscript submitted to Editorial Board October 30, 1972. 2 Scientific paper number 3914. College of Agriculture Research Center, Washing ton State University, Pullman, Washington. Work was conducted under Project No. 0046. 3 Professor and Entomologist, Department of Entomology, Washington State University; Visiting Scientist, Department of Entomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, Mayagiiez Campus, Uío Piedras, Puerto Rico, September 1968-March 1969. This study was made possible by financial support from the Department of En tomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, Mayagiiez Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. I wish to thank Dr. L. P. R. F. Martorell, formerly Chairman, Department of Entomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, especially for his support and aid in all aspects of the project. Mr. Silverio Medina Gaud, Associate Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, was of considerable help. He ac companied me on almost all field trips, assisted in sorting and preparing the material and made valuable field trips on his own. Dr. J. R. Vockeroth, Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada, verified many determinations and offered advice on nomenclatural problems. Others who materially aided in the loan of specimens, verified determinations or in other ways were: Dr. George Drury, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, El Verde-Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico; Dr. Y. S. Sedman, Western Illinois University; Dr. L. V. Knutson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; Dr. P. W. Wygodzinsky, American Museum of Natural History; Dr. -
Man Ual Ofnearctic Diptera Volume 2
Man ual ofNearctic Diptera volume 2 Coordinated by J. F. McAlpine (Editor) B. V. Peterson G. E. Shewell H. J. Teskey J. R. Vockeroth D„ M. Wood Biosystematics Research Centre (formerly Institute) Ottawa, Ontario Research Branch Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 28 1987 M M \ SYRPHIDAE 52 J. R. VOCKEROTH AND F. C. THOMPSON Fig. 52.1. Adult male of Syrphus torvus Osten Sacken. Small to large, very slender to robust flies (Figs. 1-3), Mouthparts variable in length, usually correlated with length 4-25 mm long. Body usually black, very often with yellow of subcranial cavity; taxonomic significance of variation or orange markings on head and thorax and particularly on unknown. Antenna sometimes borne on a short or long fron- abdomen, more rarely predominantly brown, yellow, tal prominence (Figs. 12, 13); scape and pedicel subcylin- metallic green, or blue, or with various combinations of these drical but varying greatly in length, with hairs or setae; first or other colors. Integument usually smooth but sometimes flagellomere varying greatly in shape, and often with a partly or totally punctate, sculptured, or rugose, usually near- distinct sensory pit on lower part of inner surface; arista ly covered with dense short hairs, rarely with long hairs or usually with two aristomeres but sometimes with three, usual- nearly bare; some hairs sometimes flattened or scale-like and ly dorsal but sometimes subapical or apical, usually longer forming dense tomentum, or on thorax strong and bristle- than first flagellomere but very short in some Microdontinae like; both haired and bare portions shining, slightly to densely and in some groups with apical arista, usually bare or with pruinose, or with very short dense pile. -
Commentary Plasticity in Arthropod Cryotypes T
2585 The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2585-2592 Published by The Company of Biologists 2007 doi:10.1242/jeb.002618 Commentary Plasticity in arthropod cryotypes T. C. Hawes and J. S. Bale* School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 12 March 2007 Summary Low-temperature acclimation and acclimatization history and organism is proposed, descending, respectively, produce phenotypic changes in arthropods at multiple from what we define as ‘cryotype’ (class of cryoprotective levels of biological organization from the molecular to the strategy) to genotype and, ultimately, phenotype. behavioural. The role and function of plasticity – where a Alternative (and sometimes complementary) strategies to constitutive, reversible change occurs in the phenotype in plasticity include specialization, generalization, bet- response to low temperature – may be partitioned hedging, cross-resistance and convergence. The transition hierarchically at evolutionary scales according to of cryotypes from basal to derived states is a continuum of cryoprotective strategy, at macrophysiological scales trait optimization, involving the fixation of plasticity and/or according to climatic variability, and at meso- and micro- its alternatives. scales according to ecological niche and exposure. In correspondence with these scales (which are interdependent rather than mutually exclusive), a Key words: arthropod, cold tolerance, cryotype, cryoprotection, hierarchical typology of interaction between thermal acclimation, acclimatization, phenotype. Introduction elasticity depends on the type of rubber band and the stimulus Animal physiology in the real world is dynamic – it must it is given, so the plasticity of an arthropod’s response varies in respond to variability at multiple temporal and spatial scales. -
Detecting Pest Control Services Across Spatial and Temporal Scales
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Detecting pest control services across spatial and temporal scales Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bg4f4t7 Authors Chaplin-Kramer, R de Valpine, P Mills, NJ et al. Publication Date 2013-12-01 DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.007 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 181 (2013) 206–212 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/agee Detecting pest control services across spatial and temporal scales ∗ Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer , Perry de Valpine, Nicholas J. Mills, Claire Kremen Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Natural habitat may deliver ecosystem services to agriculture through the provision of natural enemies Received 14 May 2013 of agricultural pests. Natural or non-crop habitat has strongly positive effects on natural enemies in Received in revised form 2 October 2013 cropland, but the resulting impact on pests is not as well established. This study measured weekly natural Accepted 4 October 2013 enemy (syrphid fly larvae) and pest (cabbage aphid) abundances in Central California broccoli fields for three years. Abundance of syrphid fly larvae increased strongly with the proportion of natural habitat Keywords: surrounding the farm. As the density of syrphid fly larvae increased, weekly aphid population growth Biological control rates slowed, such that aphid densities just prior to harvest were lowest in farms with natural habitat. -
Syritta Syrphus
3.a. At least apical 1/4 of front tibia black, at most 5th segment of front tarsus yel- low; bristles on front tarsus all black; pleura with 4 yellow spots; abdominal bands orange-yellow, with the posterior bands on tergites 3 and 4 strongly curved (figure 752). 10-16 mm. Southern Europe, extinct in Central Europe › Spilomyia digitata Rondani 3.b. Front tibiae yellow, at most with a black spot on apical 1/8. At least 4th and 5th segments of front tarsus yellow; bris- tles on at least ventral side of 4th and 5th segments of front tarsus yellow. Pleura with 5 yellow spots. Abdomen with nar- row yellow bands, the anteromedial yel- low band on tergites 2-4 slightly sepa- rated in the middle (figure 753). 10-15 mm. Central and Southern Europe, Turkey › Spilomyia saltuum Fabricius figure 755. Syritta pipiens, habitus of female (Verlinden). SYRITTA Key 1. Male: femur 3 strongly thickened, but Introduction hardly bent, basally without protuber- ance; tergites 2 and 3 with small, pale Syritta pipiens is a very common hoverfly spots (figure 754). Female: ocellar triangle found everywhere that plants are flower- black or bluish, metallic sheen; thoracic ing. They are small, linear hoverflies with dorsum dusted along side margin; tergite a characteristic flight pattern; they hover, 4: side and hind margins not dusted (fig- make a small turn and a quick flight, ure 755). 7-9 mm. Cosmopolitan › hover again, etc. Their larvae live in Syritta pipiens Linnaeus decaying plant material. Jizz: small ‘stick’ hovering in front of flowers or in vegetation. -
Vol 10 Part 1. Diptera. Syrphidae
Royal Entomological Society HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS To purchase current handbooks and to download out-of-print parts visit: http://www.royensoc.co.uk/publications/index.htm This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Copyright © Royal Entomological Society 2012 ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Vol. X. Part 1. HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS DIPTERA SYRPHIDAE By R. L. COE LONDON Published by the Society • and Sold at its Rooms 4-1, Queen's Gate, S.W. 7 2sth August, 195"3 Accession No. 4966 Author Coe R L Subject DIPTERA HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS The aim of this series of publications is to provide illustrated keys to the whole of the British Insects (in so far as this is possible), in ten volumes, as follows : I. Part I. General Introduction. Part 9. Ephemeroptera. , 2. Thysanura. , 10. Odonata. , 3. Protura. , 11. Thysanoptera. , 4. Collembola. , 12. Neuroptera. , 5. Dermaptera and , 13. :Mecoptera. Orthoptera. , 14. Trichoptera. , 6. Plecoptera. , 15. Strepsiptera. , 7. Psocoptera. , 16. Siphonaptera. , 8. Anoplura. II. Hemiptera. Ill. Lepidoptera. IV. and V. Coleoptera. VI. Hymenoptera : Symphyta and Aculeata. VII. Hymenoptera : Ichneumonoidea. VIII. Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea, Chalcidoidea, and Serphoidea. IX. Diptera: Nematocera and Brachycera. X. Diptera : Cyclorrhapha. Volumes II to X will be divided into parts of convenient size, but it is not po....a.1~u:-....:~.----.....l.L ___....__ __ _ ...:.• _ _ ....._-J....._,_. __~ _ _.__ Co ACCESSION NUMBER .................... .. .......... and each 1 >Ugh much 1ted, it is e British Entomological & Natural History Pa Society availa c/o Dinton Pastures Country Park, Oli Davis Street, Hurst, 1trar at th• Reading, Berkshire Tli RG10 OTH cost of init Presented by .. -
Diptera: Syrphidae) with Description of a New Subgenus and Species
Zootaxa 2214: 1-28 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ArtlClC *7 f\f\%^ A ^^ A Copyright © 2009 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A conspectus of the flower fly genus Allograpta (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of a new subgenus and species XIMO MENGUAL1, CARLOS RUIZ2, SANTOS ROJO1, GUNILLA STAHLS3 & F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON4 'Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Institute* Universitario CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo 99. E-03080, Alicante, Spain. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Grupo de Investigaciones Entomologicas, Seccion de Entomologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, A. A. 25623, Ciudad Universitaria Melendez, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Entomology Department, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 17, , FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: gunilla. stahls @ helsinki.fi 4Department of Entomology, NHB-0169, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560, USA [formerly Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture] . E-mail: thompsonf® si.edu Abstract A new subgenus [Allograpta {Costarica Mengual & Thompson), type Allograpta zumbadoi Thompson], and one new species [Allograpta {Costarica) nishida Mengual & Thompson; type-locality: Costa Rica, type-depository: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica] of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are described from the Neotropical biotic region. A checklist of the world species of Allograpta including synonyms is provided, and a key to and diagnoses of the subgenera are also supplied. The phylogenetic relationships among Allograpta species, representing all hitherto detected morphological diversity of the genus, and related genera were studied under parsimony based on morphological characters. -
Beneficial and Pest Larval Species Common to Broccoli on the California Central Coast
Beneficial and Pest Larval Species Common to Broccoli on the California Central Coast Diego J. Nieto1, Janet A. Bryer1, Caitlin Slay1, Carol Shennan1, Joji Muramoto1 and Jeffrey Y. Honda2 1Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz 2Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University Common Beneficial Syrphid Larvae in Broccoli Syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), which are also known as flower flies or hover flies, are widely considered to be the most economically important aphid predators in vegetable cropping systems (Hughes 1963, Colfer 2004, Smith et al. 2008). These bee-mimicking flies lay eggs that hatch into predacious larvae (or maggots), each of which can consume hundreds of aphids (Hopper et al. 2011). Nieto et al. (In Prep.) documented these predators reducing pest pressure in broccoli by 72-190 aphids/plant and increasing marketable (i.e. aphid-free) yield by 10-47%, when compared with broccoli that experimentally “excluded” syrphid larvae by using the larvicide Entrust® (Smith et al. 2008). Syrphid larvae similarly reduced lettuce aphid densities by 91%, relative to aphid densities on Entrust®-applied lettuce (Smith et al. 2008). Reliance on this naturally-occurring predation is especially relevant to organic vegetable production, where beneficial insectaries are often used to facilitate syrphid-driven aphid management (Hogg et al. 2011, Brennan 2013). Growers have long observed, however, that the predation services offered by syrphid flies can be inconsistent or unpredictable; these predators may colonize a field either in insufficient densities or too late in a growing season to adequately control aphid densities in time for harvest. Subsequent research confirmed that the timing of aphid and syrphid establishment during a broccoli growing season strongly influences the likelihood of successful 1 (i.e. -
Syrphid Predators for Biological Control of Aphids
Journal of Biological Control, 27(3): 151–170, 2013 Review Article Syrphid predators for biological control of aphids SUNIL JOSHI and CHANDISH R. BALLAL National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024. Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The family Syrphidae is divided into three subfamilies viz., Syrphinae, Milesiinae and Microdontinae. Majority of aphidophagous syrphids belong to the subfamily Syrphinae. Most species are terrestrial, while a few species are aquatic or live in very moist situation. Among the terrestrial forms at least 25 per cent are predacious, chiefly aphidophagous. There are more than 4700 species worldwide with 312 species under 71 genera known from the Indian subcontinent. Many studies have been conducted on the biology, intrinsic rate of increase, feeding behavior and factors affecting their oviposition and techniques for their multiplication. Relatively, less importance has been given to their field evaluation and to the studies dealing with reasons tracing causes for their less effectiveness in the open field. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to enhance their effectiveness by manipulating their habitat. Development of techniques for their effective shipment and release are necessary. Release rates, stage to be released, and stage which can be stored at low temperature need to be identified. KEY WORDS: Aphids, biology, biological control, syrphids. (Article chronicle: Received: 10-08-2013; Revised: 14-08-2013; Accepted: 21-08-2013) Economic importance of aphids long lasting, and often can be implemented at little direct cost to producers and consumers. For these reasons, World over 4000 aphid species have been recorded, biological control is considered a cornerstone of many out of which 1020 are distributed in the Oriental region. -
1 the RESTRUCTURING of ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS in RESPONSE to PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell a Dissertation Submitt
THE RESTRUCTURING OF ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN RESPONSE TO PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell 1 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Winter 2019 © Adam B. Mitchell All Rights Reserved THE RESTRUCTURING OF ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN RESPONSE TO PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell Approved: ______________________________________________________ Jacob L. Bowman, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Approved: ______________________________________________________ Mark W. Rieger, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Approved: ______________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Douglas W. Tallamy, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Charles R. Bartlett, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Jeffery J. Buler, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. -
Shetland's Hoverflies
Shetland’s Hoverflies A PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Rebecca Nason Hoverflies are the most attractive group of flies! There are over 280 species of hoverfly in the UK but currently only around 40 recorded on the Shetland Islands and illustrated here. Although flight times vary, the majority of Shetland hoverflies can be seen between May and late September, out in the countryside or in more urban parks and gardens. Hoverflies are important pollinators and a crucial part of a healthy natural environment. The best places to look for them is on garden flowers or flower-filled ditches and verges in summer. They are sun- worshippers too, so when not busy feeding on flower nectar or enjoying ‘hovering’ in mid-air, they can often be seen perfectly still, basking on sunlit leaves. Most Shetland hoverflies can be identified with close inspection in the field and from photographs.Try to take as many close-up photographs as possible, including a side, top and front profile to aid key identification features. With a little effort and patience, most of these hoverflies can easily be recognised by their clear, often colourful, distinctive markings by even the most amateur of naturalists. A number of hoverflies have very different looking males and females so a good starting point is telling them apart. This is easily done as male hoverflies have eyes that join in the middle, females are clearly separated. Several of our hoverflies are black and yellow, resembling wasps, others are brown and furry like bumblebees or the honey bee. Indeed their shape and behaviour can also imitate wasps or bees.