Psychologist Vol 28 No 9 September 2015
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the psychologist vol 28 no 9 september 2015 www.thepsychologist.org.uk The transition to school Claire Hughes asks what matters and why letters 690 from adversity to buoyancy 718 news 698 do schools need lessons on motivation? 722 careers 758 why do we ‘like’ social media? 724 reviews 770 looking back: the Geel question 776 Contact The British Psychological Society the psychologist... St Andrews House 48 Princess Road East ...features Leicester LE1 7DR 0116 254 9568 [email protected] www.bps.org.uk The Psychologist www.thepsychologist.org.uk [email protected] The transition to school 714 tinyurl.com/thepsychomag Claire Hughes asks what matters and why @psychmag From adversity to buoyancy 718 Marc Smith reconceptualises academic Society members can log in via resilience in schools tinyurl.com/yourpsych for a complete digital edition New voices: Do schools need lessons on 722 motivation? Advertising Laura Oxley on reward and punishment in Reach 50,000 psychologists the classroom at very reasonable rates. 714 Display Aaron Hinchcliffe 020 7880 7661 Why do we ‘like’ social media? 724 [email protected] Ciarán Mc Mahon considers the psychology Recruitment (in print and online behind Facebook and more at www.psychapp.co.uk) Giorgio Romano 020 7880 7556 The best choice? 730 [email protected] Katherine Woolf, Henry Potts, Josh Stott, Chris August 2015 issue McManus, Amanda Williams and Katrina Scior 50,016 dispatched on selection into the healthcare professions 724 Printed by ...reports Warners Midlands plc on 100 per cent recycled news 698 paper. Please re-use or recycle. mindfulness trial; British Academy Fellows; reports from the 30th annual conference of the ISSN 0952-8229 Psychology Postgraduate Affairs Group; and the European Congress of Psychology Cover John Harris reportdigital.co.uk society 740 © Copyright for all published material is President’s column; Presidents’ Award; and more held by the British Psychological Society unless specifically stated otherwise. As the Society is a party to the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) agreement, articles in The The Psychologist is the monthly publication of The British Psychological Society. It provides a forum for Psychologist may be copied by libraries and other organisations under the communication, discussion and controversy among all members of the Society, and aims to fulfil the main object terms of their own CLA licences of the Royal Charter, ‘to promote the advancement and diffusion of a knowledge of psychology pure and applied’. (www.cla.co.uk). Permission must be obtained from the British Psychological Society for any other use beyond fair dealing authorised by copyright legislation. For further information Managing Editor Jon Sutton Journalist Ella Rhodes about copyright and obtaining Assistant Editor Peter Dillon-Hooper Editorial Assistant Debbie Gordon permissions, e-mail Production Mike Thompson Research Digest Christian Jarrett (editor), Alex Fradera [email protected]. The publishers have endeavoured to Associate Editors Articles Michael Burnett, Paul Curran, Harriet Gross, Rebecca Knibb, Charlie Lewis, trace the copyright holders of all Wendy Morgan, Paul Redford, Mark Wetherell, Jill Wilkinson illustrations. If we have unwittingly Conferences Alana James History of Psychology Matt Connolly infringed copyright, we will be pleased, on being satisfied as to the owner’s Interviews Gail Kinman Reviews Kate Johnstone Viewpoints Catherine Loveday title, to pay an appropriate fee. International panel Vaughan Bell, Uta Frith, Alex Haslam, Elizabeth Loftus the psychologist vol 28 no 9 september 2015 the issue ...debates Nothing brings a lump to your throat quite like your offspring donning letters 690 their uniform and heading off to where is psychology’s non-stick frying pan?; clinical supply and demand; people who primary school for the first time (or, are ‘not in education, employment or training’; transpersonal psychology; and more as with my own son recently, the last time). They seem so small, and we ...digests feel apprehensive on their behalf. So what can parents and teachers do to the ‘tip-of-the-tongue’ state; drawing cancer; dehumanisation; selective mutism; ease that transition? Claire Hughes and more, in the latest from our free Research Digest (www.bps.org.uk/digest) 708 looks at the evidence on p.714. Elsewhere, there’s more ...meets for teachers as we embark on a new school year – Marc Smith interview 736 on resilience, a ‘Big Picture’ on Lance Workman talks to Richard Stephens about the Open University, playgrounds, and our ‘New consciousness, happiness, and more voices’ article tackles reward and punishment in the classroom. careers 758 A different journey begins for we meet Camilla Sanger, and Tina Rae talks about her work as an educational the thousands of new psychology and child psychologist; and Mike Aitken Deakin welcomes new undergraduates undergraduates who will be to their psychology degree receiving this issue free. We one on one 780 hope the resources at with Peter Olusoga (Senior Lecturer in Sports Psychology at Sheffield http://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk Hallam University) and www.bps.org.uk/digest will guide you through your studies, and that you will consider joining ...reviews the British Psychological Society memory and music at the proms (www.bps.org.uk/join). Follow us on – Daniel Levitin’s lecture reviewed Twitter @psychmag for all the latest, by Susan Hallam; Girls with Autism; and find us on Facebook (speaking Fake It Til You Make It; Amy; of which, hope you ‘Like’ p.724). plus book reviews 770 Dr Jon Sutton Managing Editor @psychmag 770 ...looks back The Geel question 776 For centuries, a little Belgian town has treated the mentally ill. Why are its medieval methods so successful? Mike Jay investigates. Seven years ago The Psychologist and Digest Go to www.thepsychologist.org.uk Editorial Advisory Committee for our archive, Catherine Loveday (Chair), Phil Banyard, including Phineas Olivia Craig, Helen Galliard, Harriet Gross, Gage – unravelling Rowena Hill, Stephen McGlynn, Peter the myth Olusoga, Tony Wainwright, Peter Wright Big picture centre-page pull-out gaining insights into the world of playgrounds, with Jenny Gibson read discuss contribute at www.thepsychologist.org.uk Where is our non-stick frying pan? LETTERS If you were asked to list the top five achievements in psychology, predicted by the theory. The existence of the Higgs boson what would you say? Be honest, you’d probably splutter for was predicted by theory in the 1960s, as a crucial test of the a bit and then try to divert the question. I’ve sprung this on Standard Model of particle physics. It was finally confirmed colleagues and they have come up with suggestions like to exist in 2013. attachment theory, the multi-stage memory model or even CBT. What psychological theory produces predictions that can I don’t consider this an impressive list. In fact, to me it suggests be tested in this way? Or to be even more challenging, what a horrible truth – for all the bluster collection of ideas in about science, all the fancy equipment psychology have we got and million pound research grants, T that we can call a testable IM we haven’t discovered any great new S theory? What is understandings or technologies about ANDERS psychology’s Big Bang? our core subject – ourselves. When it comes to Yes, we have produced studies knowledge in psychology we and papers that cite and excite our are not so much uncovering colleagues. When spun in the right way, it as inventing it. We appear psychology can light up the sofa of The to use the basic methods of One Show or the Today studio. But does science by observing and any of it amount to any more than a hill categorising behaviour in of beans? A standard definition of much the same way as psychology is ‘the scientific study of biologists or medics. But people, the mind and behaviour’. So there’s a difference, and what are the headline discoveries about nowhere is this difference people, mind and behaviour? And do more obvious than in these findings match up to the diagnosis. To diagnose discoveries of the other sciences? chickenpox we look for three Look at physics. It has split the symptoms: fever, itchy spots atom, it has gravity, it has quantum theory, the Large Hadron and loss of appetite. That’s it. But if we want to diagnose PTSD Collider and the Higgs boson. It has the Big Bang theory, we look for any of 19 symptoms arranged in four categories. which offers an explanation of how the universe was formed. To make the diagnosis of PTSD you have to judge the patient to Chemistry has the periodic table of elements, a classification of have at least eight of these symptoms across the four categories. all substances in the universe. Biology has evolution, a robust In other words two people might have not a single symptom in theory of how we came to be here. I could go on. common but still be said to have the same condition. There are, ‘Psychology is a young science’, we say by way of excuse for in fact, 636,120 ways to get a diagnosis of PTSD (Galatzer-Levy the lack of great findings. But 150 years is not that young. There & Bryant, 2013). We are not discovering disorders, we are are younger sciences that have more to show: electronics has the inventing them, and this process gives us the various conduct microchip, genetics has mapped out the human genome. disorders, phase of life problem, sibling relational problem and The central issue concerns how we develop knowledge in many others as we slowly but surely pathologise all human psychology. To start with, other sciences have testable theories; behaviour. psychology has testable hypotheses. What’s the difference? So, it’s not looking good for theory.