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Renewable Resources in the U.S. Electric Supply
DOE/EIA-0561(92) Distribution Category UC-950 Renewable Resources in the U.S. Electricity Supply February 1993 Energy Information Administration Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or of any other organization. ii Energy Information Administration/Renewable Resources in the U.S. Electricity Supply Contacts This report was prepared by the staff of the Energy Nikodem, Chief, Energy Resources Assessment Branch Resources Assessment Branch, Analysis and Systems (202/254-5550). Specific questions regarding the prep- Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate aration and content of the report should be directed to Dr. Fuels. General information regarding this publication may Thomas Petersik (202/254-5320; forecasts, geothermal, be obtained from John Geidl, Director, Office of Coal, solar, wind, resources, generating technologies); John Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (202/254-5570); Carlin (202/254-5562; municipal solid waste, wood, Robert M. Schnapp, Director, Analysis and Systems biomass); or Chris V. Buckner (202/254-5368; Division (202/254-5392); or Dr. Z.D. (Dan) hydroelectricity). Energy Information Administration/Renewable Resources in the U.S. Electricity Supply iii Preface Section 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy Organ- analysts, policy and financial analysts, investment firms, ization Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-91) requires the trade associations, Federal and State regulators, and Administrator of the Energy Information Administration legislators. -
Pelton Wheel Instruction Manual
Rainbow Micro Hydro Instruction Manual Issue # 4 August 2001 Certified by: OFFICE OF ENERGY (NSW) Certificate of Suitability Number: 6273 Rainbow Micro Hydro Instruction Manual Foreword page 2 Chapter 1 Safety page 2 Electrical Safety page 2 Turbine Safety page 2 Pipe Suction page 2 Chapter 2 Description Specifications page 3 Optimum Power page 3 Battery Based System page 3 Multiple Power Sources page 3 Regulation page 3 Maintenance page 3 Hardware page 3 Generator page 3 Control Box page 3 Dependent on Water Supply page 4 Components - Water Supply page 4 Chapter 3 Installation page 5 Chapter 4 Installing Water Supply Water Source page 6 Filter page 6 Filter Design page 6 Filter Blockage page 6 Filter Collapse page 6 Pipe Siting page 8 Syphons page 8 Floods page 9 Weeds page 9 Gate Valves page 9 Water Hammer page 9 Outlet Drain Plumbing page 9 Chapter 5 Electrical Wiring AC Transmission page 10 Siting Considerations page 10 Lightning Damage page 10 Hydro to Control Box page 10 Short Circuit Protection page 10 Load Dump page 11 DC to Battery page 11 Setting of Regulator page 11 Regulator Interaction page 11 Switching Regulators page 11 Shunt Regulators page 11 Hybrid Power (Solar, Wind & Hydro) page 13 Chapter 6 Adjustment Nozzles page 15 Power Limit page 15 Control Knobs page 15 Turbine Speed page 15 Generator Voltage page 15 Visual Adjustment page 15 Regulator page 16 Output Power page 16 Meters page 16 Indicator Lights page 16 Fuse page 16 Chapter 7 Periodic Maintenance Load Dump page 18 Runner page 18 Generator page 18 Bearings page -
The Impact of Lester Pelton's Water Wheel on the Development Of
VOLUME XXXVIII, NUMBER 3 SUMMER/FALL 2010 A Publication of the Sierra County Historical Society The Impact of Lester Pelton’s Water Wheel On the Development of California Rivals the 49ers! hile hordes of gold-seeking 49ers At the time, steam engines were being W swarmed into the Sierras in search used to provide power to operate the mines of their fortunes, Lester Pelton, a farmer’s but they were expensive to purchase, not son living in Ohio, came to California in easily transported, and consumed enormous W1850 with ambitions amounts of wood resulting that didn’t include gold in forested hillsides mining. He tried making becoming barren in a very money as a fisherman short time. Water wheels in Sacramento before were being tried by some coming to Camptonville mine owners making use after hearing of the gold of the enormous power strike on the north fork available from water in of the Yuba River. Still the mountain regions but not interested in being they were patterned after a miner, Pelton instead water wheels used to power spent his time observing grain mills in the East and the mining operations in Midwest and were not the Camptonville area capable of producing the and noted that both kinds amount of power needed to of mining, placer and operate hoisting equipment hard rock, required large Lester Pelton, whose invention paved the or stamp mills. amounts of power. He way for low-cost hydro-electric power Having never developed realized that hard rock an interest in mining, mining was more difficult to provide because Pelton spent many years doing carpentry power was needed to operate the hoists to and millwrighting, building many homes, a lower men into the mine shafts, bring up schoolhouse, and stamp mills driven by water loaded ore cars, and return the men to the wheels. -
DESIGN of a WATER TOWER ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Graduate School University of Missouri
DESIGN OF A WATER TOWER ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate School University of Missouri - Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by SAGAR KISHOR GIRI Dr. Noah Manring, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2013 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined he thesis entitled DESIGN OF A WATER TOWER ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM presented by SAGAR KISHOR GIRI a candidate for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Noah Manring Dr. Roger Fales Dr. Robert O`Connell ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my appreciation to my thesis advisor, Dr. Noah Manring, for his constant guidance, advice and motivation to overcome any and all obstacles faced while conducting this research and support throughout my degree program without which I could not have completed my master’s degree. Furthermore, I extend my appreciation to Dr. Roger Fales and Dr. Robert O`Connell for serving on my thesis committee. I also would like to express my gratitude to all the students, professors and staff of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department for all the support and helping me to complete my master’s degree successfully and creating an exceptional environment in which to work and study. Finally, last, but of course not the least, I would like to thank my parents, my sister and my friends for their continuous support and encouragement to complete my program, research and thesis. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... -
An Abstract of the Thesis Of
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Bryan R. Cobb for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering presented on July 8, 2011 Title: Experimental Study of Impulse Turbines and Permanent Magnet Alternators for Pico-hydropower Generation Abstract Approved: Kendra V. Sharp Increasing access to modern forms of energy in developing countries is a crucial component to eliminating extreme poverty around the world. Pico-hydro schemes (less than 5-kW range) can provide environmentally sustainable electricity and mechanical power to rural communities, generally more cost-effectively than diesel/gasoline generators, wind turbines, or solar photovoltaic systems. The use of these types of systems has in the past and will continue in the future to have a large impact on rural, typically impoverished areas, allowing them the means for extended hours of productivity, new types of commerce, improved health care, and other services vital to building an economy. For this thesis, a laboratory-scale test fixture was constructed to test the operating performance characteristics of impulse turbines and electrical generators. Tests were carried out on a Pelton turbine, two Turgo turbines, and a permanent magnet alternator (PMA). The effect on turbine efficiency was determined for a number of parameters including: variations in speed ratio, jet misalignment and jet quality. Under the best conditions, the Turgo turbine efficiency was observed to be over 80% at a speed ratio of about 0.46, which is quite good for pico-hydro-scale turbines. The Pelton turbine was found to be less efficient with a peak of just over 70% at a speed ratio of about 0.43. -
Application of Pelton Wheel Turbine for Power Generation in Multistoried Building
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Application of Pelton Wheel Turbine for Power Generation in Multistoried Building Saurabh Sarjerao Mathane1, Umesh Prakashrao Indrawar2, Kalpesh Gajendra Shelkar3, Ashutosh Kishore Patil4, Prof. Dimpal S. Patel5 1Student, Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, 2Student, Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, 3Student, Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, 4Student, Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, 5Assistant Professor, Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Almost all of our modern conveniences are hydro projects, engaged the attention more than any electrically powered. Electricity is the most versatile and other renewable source of energy. [1] easily controlled form of energy. At the point of use it is practically loss-free and essentially non-polluting. At the Essentially, on the account of the versatility and point of generation, it can be produced clean with convenience of the electrical energy on one hand, and entirely renewable methods, such as wind, water and the cheapness and renewability of hydro energy on the sunlight. So, taking into consideration the importance of other, small hydroelectric power plants have a definite electricity generation by renewable methods we will role to play in today’s energy scene. The concept of design and manufacture a system that will generate generating electricity from water has been around for electricity with the help of Pelton wheel turbine. For a a long time and there are many large hydro-electric multi storage building when we supply water for facilities around the world. -
An Experimental Investigation of Design Parameters for Pico-Hydro Turgo Turbines Using a Response Surface Methodology
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title An experimental investigation of design parameters for pico-hydro Turgo turbines using a response surface methodology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/464972qm Journal Renewable Energy, 85(C) ISSN 0960-1481 Authors Gaiser, K Erickson, P Stroeve, P et al. Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.049 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Renewable Energy 85 (2016) 406e418 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Renewable Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/renene An experimental investigation of design parameters for pico-hydro Turgo turbines using a response surface methodology * Kyle Gaiser a, c, Paul Erickson a, , Pieter Stroeve b, Jean-Pierre Delplanque a a University of California Davis, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA b University of California Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA c Sandia National Lab, Livermore, CA, USA article info abstract Article history: Millions of off-grid homes in remote areas around the world have access to pico-hydro (5 kW or less) Received 9 February 2015 resources that are undeveloped due to prohibitive installed costs ($/kW). The Turgo turbine, a hy- Received in revised form droelectric impulse turbine generally suited for medium to high head applications, has gained renewed 3 June 2015 attention in research due to its potential applicability to such sites. Nevertheless, published literature Accepted 17 June 2015 about the Turgo turbine is limited and indicates that current theory and experimental knowledge do Available online xxx not adequately explain the effects of certain design parameters, such as nozzle diameter, jet inlet angle, number of blades, and blade speed on the turbine's efficiency. -
The Turgo Impulse Turbine; a CFD Based Approach to the Design Improvement with Experimental Validation
The Turgo impulse turbine; a CFD based approach to the design improvement with experimental validation David Shaun Benzon PhD Thesis SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR GEORGE A. AGGIDIS Lancaster University in collaboration with Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon Ltd. Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Declaration The author declares that this thesis has not been previously submitted for award of a higher degree to this or any university, and that the contents, except where otherwise stated, are the author’s own work. Signed: Date: i Abstract The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a well-established approach in the analysis and optimisation of impulse hydro turbines. Recent studies have shown that modern CFD tools combined with faster computing processors can be used to accurately simulate the operation of impulse turbine runners and injectors in timescales suitable for design optimisation studies and which correlate well with experimental results. This work has however focussed mainly on Pelton turbines and the use of CFD in the analysis and optimisation of Turgo turbines is still in its infancy, with no studies showing a complete simulation of a Turgo runner capturing the torque on the inside and outside blade surfaces and producing a reliable extrapolation of the torque and power at a given operating point. Although there have been some studies carried out in the past where injector geometries (similar for both Pelton and Turgo turbines) have been modified to improve their performance, there has been no thorough investigation of the basic injector design parameters and the influence they have on the injector performance. -
Water Lubricated Guide Bearing with Self-Aligning Segments
International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5293/IJFMS.2013.6.2.049 Vo l . 6, No. 2, April-June 2013 ISSN (Online): 1882-9554 Original Paper Water Lubricated Guide Bearing with Self-aligning Segments Tadashi OGUMA1, Naritoshi NAKAGAWA1, Makoto MIKAMI2, Long THANTRONG2, Yasumi KIZAKI3 and Fumio TAKIMOTO3 1Keihin Product Operations, Power Systems Company, Toshiba Corporation Yokohama 230-0045, Japan, [email protected], [email protected] 2Power and Industrial Systems Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation Yokohama 235-8523, Japan, [email protected], [email protected] 3Toshiba Plant Systems & Service Corporation, Yokohama 230-8691, Japan [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Water lubricated guide bearing was newly released and has been applied to actual hydro turbines with vertical shaft. As a result, they can have not only high bearing performance but environmental advantages in meeting the demand for reducing river pollution by oil leakage from oil lubricated guide bearing. The PTFE composite guide bearing was tested by experimental equipment operated under conditions similar to those of actual hydro turbines. Circumferential and axial tilting bearing segments help to improve the bearing performance and efficiency due to low friction loss in the bearing system. Furthermore, bearing cooling systems could be eliminated and maintenance periods could be extended, thus the initial investment and operating costs of the hydroelectric power plant are reduced. Keywords: Water lubricated guide bearing, PTFE, Tilting segment, Vertical shaft hydro turbine, Hydrodynamic lubrication 1. Introduction Hydroelectric power generation, which provides electricity from clean and renewable energy without CO2 emissions, has the highest conversion efficiency and the fastest response in providing a stable power supply at low operating cost. -
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines for Power Generation
EUROPEAN MECHANICAL SCIENCE Research Paper e-ISSN: 2587-1110 Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines for Power Generation Oyebode O. O.1* and Olaoye J. O.2 1Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. ORCID: Oyebode (0000-0003-1094-1149) Abstract The performance of two micro hydro power turbines (Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines) were evaluated at the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) dam. The Dam has a net head of 4 m, flow rate of 0.017m3 and theoretical hydropower energy of 668W. The two turbines were tested and the optimized value of operating conditions namely; angle of inclination (15o above tangent, tangential and 15o below tangent), height to impact point (200mm, 250mm and 300mm) and length to impact point (50mm, 100mm and 150mm) were pre-set at their various levels for both Turbines. The optimum values of the process output or measured parameters were determined statistically using a 33X2 factorial experiment in three replicates. An optimum Turbine speed (538.38rpm) in off load condition was achieved at 250mm height to impact point, 150mm length to impact point and angle at tangential inclination. Similar combination also yielded an optimum turbine torque of 46.16kNm for Pelton Wheel Turbine. For the Crossflow Turbine, an optimum turbine speed of 330.09rpm was achieved by pre-setting 250mm height to impact point, 100mm length to impact point and 15º below tangent. Same combination also yielded an optimum turbine torque of 39.07kNm. -
Laboratory Manual
LABORATORY MANUAL FLUID MACHINE ME- 315-F LIST OF THE EXPERIMENTS PAGE NO SNO NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS FROM TO 1 To study the constructional details of a pelton turbine and draw its fluid flow circuit. 2 To study the constructional details of a Francis turbine and draw its fluid flow circuit. 3 To study the constructional details of a Kaplan turbine and draw its fluid flow circuit. 4 To study the working and constructional details of Hydro-power plant (H.P.P.). 5 To study the constructional details and working of Hydraulic Ram. 6 To study the constructional details of a Centrifugal pump and draw its characteristics curve. 7 To study the constructional details of a Centrifugal Compressor. 8 To study the constructional details of Gear pump and draw its characteristic curve. 9 To study the constructional details of Reciprocating pump and draw its characteristic curve. 10 (a) To verify the momentum equation experimentally. (b) Comparison of change in force exerted due to shape of the vane.(Flat, Inclined and Curved). 11 To draw the following performance characteristics of pelton turbine: Constant head, Constant speed and Constant efficiency curves. 12 To draw the constant head, constant speed and constant efficiency performance characteristics of Francis turbine. 13 To draw the constant head, speed and efficiency curves for a Kaplan turbine. NOTE : 1. At least ten experiments are to be performed in the Semester. 2. At least seven experiments should be performed from the above list. Remaining three experiments may either be performed from the above list or designed & set by the concerned institution as per the scope of the syllabus. -
Demand-Side Management Guidebook: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies
enewable & Distributed Energy Tech no R lo g ie s R e n e w a b l e & D i s t r i b u t e d E n e r g y T e c h n o l o g i e s R e n e w a - b l e w & e D n i e s R t r s i b e i u g t e o l d o E n n h e c r e g T y Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies Energy Distributed and Renewable Demand-Side Management Guidebook: Management Demand-Side enewable & Distributed Energy Tech no R lo g ie s R e n e w sarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. agency any or government States United the of those reflect or state sarily a b - government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not neces not do herein expressed authors of opinions and views The thereof. agency any or government l e not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States States United the by favoring or recommendation, endorsement, its imply or constitute necessarily not & commercial product, process, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does does otherwise or manufacturer, trademark, name, trade by services or process, product, commercial or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific specific any to herein Reference rights.