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Policing the Streets in Europe

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Policing the Streets in Europe version April 07, 2010 MS Policing the Streets in Europe a comparatative observational study in The Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Germany and Norway [working title] Wouter Stol, Peter Kruize, Els Enhus, Thomas Feltes, Helene Oppen Gundhus (eds.) 2008 version April 07, 2010 MS Table of Contents 1. A first look at police patrol work ........................................................................................... 4 1.1 The importance of what police officers do ................................................................. 4 1.2 Relevance of information about police patrol work ................................................... 5 1.3 The point of focussing on police actions ................................................................... 6 1.4 Goal of this study and research question .................................................................... 6 1.5 Earlier research on police patrol work ........................................................................ 7 1.6 A conceptual model about what is involved in police patrol work ............................ 8 1.7 The structure of this study ........................................................................................ 13 2. Observing police patrol work ............................................................................................... 14 2.1 Research method ....................................................................................................... 14 2.2 The places, officers and fieldworkers involved ........................................................ 16 2.3 Course of the observations ........................................................................................ 18 2.4 Organisation and inter-observer reliability ............................................................... 22 2.5 Research data ............................................................................................................ 22 Policing the Streets in The Netherlands ................................................................................... 25 3.1 The Dutch Police ...................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Police in Groningen, Leeuwarden and Assen ........................................................... 26 3.3 Kind of Incidents Involved in Patrol Work .............................................................. 35 3.4 Police Mobilization ................................................................................................... 42 3.5 Knowledge of the People in the Neighbourhood ...................................................... 43 3.6 Marginal persons....................................................................................................... 46 3.7 The Outcome of Incidents ......................................................................................... 49 3.8 Use of Information Sources ...................................................................................... 53 3.9 What Determines What is Involved in Police Patrol Work ...................................... 61 Bibliography chapter 03 .................................................................................................. 65 4. Policing the Streets in Denmark ........................................................................................... 66 4.1 The Danish Police .................................................................................................. 66 4.2 Police in Roskilde and Hillerød ................................................................................ 70 4.3 Sort of Incidents Involved in Patrol Work ................................................................ 74 4.4 Police Mobilization ................................................................................................... 80 4.5 Knowledge of the People in the Neighbourhood ...................................................... 81 4.6 Marginal persons....................................................................................................... 82 4.7 The Outcome of Incidents ......................................................................................... 82 4.8 Use of Information Sources ...................................................................................... 84 4.9 Some Conclusions of Police Patrol Work in Denmark ............................................. 86 5. Policing the streets in Germany ........................................................................................... 89 5.1 The German Police ................................................................................................... 89 5.2 Police in Bochum and Münster ................................................................................. 92 5.3 Sort of Incidents Involved in Patrol Work .............................................................. 104 5.4 Police Mobilization ................................................................................................. 108 5.5 Knowledge of the People in the Neighbourhood .................................................... 109 5.6 Marginal persons..................................................................................................... 110 5.7 The Outcome of Incidents ....................................................................................... 111 5.8 Use of Information Sources .................................................................................... 113 version April 07, 2010 MS 5.9 What determines what is involved in Police Patrol Work? .................................... 115 References ..................................................................................................................... 119 6. Policing the Streets in Belgium .......................................................................................... 121 The Belgian Police ........................................................................................................ 121 Organisation of emergency intervention and community beat patrol in Belgium ........ 122 Police in Brussels, Dendermonde and Aarschot ........................................................... 124 Sort of Incidents Involved in Patrol Work .................................................................... 131 6.4 Police Mobilization ................................................................................................. 141 6.5 Knowledge of the People in the Neighbourhood .................................................... 142 6.6 Marginal persons..................................................................................................... 144 6.7 The Outcome of Incidents ....................................................................................... 144 6.8 Use of Information Sources .................................................................................... 148 6.9 What Determines What is Involved in Police Patrol Work .................................... 150 7. Policing the Streets in Norway ........................................................................................... 155 7.1 The Norwegian Police ............................................................................................ 155 7.2 Police in Lillestrøm and Oslo ................................................................................. 159 7.3 Sort of Incidents Involved in Patrol Work .............................................................. 169 7.4 Police Mobilization ................................................................................................. 177 7.5 Knowledge of the People in the Neighbourhood .................................................... 179 7.6 Marginal persons..................................................................................................... 181 7.7 The Outcome of Incidents ....................................................................................... 184 7.8 Use of Information Sources .................................................................................... 187 7.9 What determines what is involved in police patrol work ....................................... 190 8. Policing the Streets in Europe ............................................................................................ 198 Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 199 version April 07, 2010 MS CHAPTER 1 1. A first look at police patrol work1 Wouter Stol, Peter Kruize, Els Enhus, Thomas Feltes & Helene Oppen Gundhus 1.1 The importance of what police officers do Every society to function properly needs a certain level of social order. It is by their everyday activities that ordinary people unintentionally construct and reconstruct the existing social order of the community they live in (Berger and Luckman, 1966; Giddens, 1984). Most important in this respect is the upbringing of a next generation, or, in other words, the primary socialisation of children by means of parenting and education (Elias, 1939; Mills, 1959; De Swaan, 1996; Christie, 2004). When someone, child or adult, acts against the prevailing social standards, as a rule other people exert social control over the wrongdoer, especially those with a small social distance to him/her such as parents, teachers, peers, neighbours and colleagues. Social control means that people sanction deviant behaviour, or threaten to, and so attempt to have other people behave
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