DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Ecology Progress Series 508:177

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Ecology Progress Series 508:177 The following supplement accompanies the article β-diversity of deep-sea holothurians and asteroids along a bathymetric gradient (NE Atlantic) Martine C. Wagstaff1,*, Kerry L. Howell2, Brian J. Bett3, David S. M. Billett3, Solange Brault1, Carol T. Stuart1, Michael A. Rex1 1Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 2University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 3National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 508: 177–185 (2014) SUPPLEMENT. Feeding types of deep-sea asteroids (Table S1) used in Figure 2 in the main paper, which shows the incidence of feeding types with depth. Nested rank order with depth (Fig. S1), showing that the highest nested order is at mid-bathyal depths and there is no tendency for a downslope increase in nestedness Table S1. Asteroid trophic types in the Porcupine Seabight and Abyssal Plain. Feeding type: C: carnivore, S: suspension feeder, D: deposit feeder, U: unknown Feeding Species Order Family type Source Asterias rubens Forcipulatida Asteriidae C See references in Jangoux (1982) Astropecten irregularis Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Mortensen (1927), Christensen (1970), Jangoux (1982) Bathybiaster vexillifer Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Tyler et al. (1993), Howell et al. (2003) Benthopecten simplex Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Inferred from congener (Carey 1972) and confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Carey 1972, Dearborn 1977) Brisinga endecacnemos Brisingida Brisingidae Sa Cheiraster sepitus Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Inferred from confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Carey 1972, Dearborn 1977) Dytaster grandis Paxillosida Luidiidae C Tyler et al. (1990), Iken et al. (2001), Howell et al. (2003) grandis Freyastera sexradiata Brisingida Freyellidae Sa Inferred from confamilial (Howell et al. 2003) Freyella elegans Brisingida Freyellidae Sa Fatty acid analysis suggests S, but stomach contents show copepods from benthic boundary layer (Howell et al. 2003) Henricia cylindrella Spinulosida Echinasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Mortensen 1927, Mauzey et al. 1968, Jangoux 1982, Shield & Witman 1993) Hoplaster spinosus Valvatida Odontasteridae U Inferred from confamilials (Dayton et al. 1970, Dearborn 1977, Jangoux 1982) Hymenaster pellucidus Velatida Pterasteridae C Howell et al. (2003) Hymenaster Velatida Pterasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Carey 1972, Jangoux 1982) pergamentaceus Hymenaster rex Velatida Pterasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Carey 1972, Jangoux 1982) Hymenodiscus Brisingida Brisingidae Sa Fatty acid analysis suggests S (Howell et al. 2003), but coronata Jangoux (1982) lists as P, although where this observation comes from is unclear Hyphalaster inermis Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Iken et al. (2001), Howell et al. (2003) Luidia sarsi Paxillosida Luidiidae C Mortensen (1927), Fenchel (1965) Myxaster sol Velatida Myxasteridae U Nymphaster arenatus Valvatida Goniasteridae C Pequegnat (1983) Odontaster spp. Valvatida Odontasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Dayton et al. 1970, Dearborn 1977, Jangoux 1982) Paragonaster subtilis Paxillosida Pseudarchasteridae U Pectinaster filholi Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Inferred from congener (Carey 1972) and confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Carey 1972, Dearborn 1977) Persephonaster Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Inferred from congeners (Pequegnat & Jeffrey 1979) and patagiatus confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Christensen 1970, Jangoux 1982) Plinthaster dentatus Valvatida Goniasteridae C Inferred from congener (Halpern 1970) and confamilials (Gale et al. 2013) Plutonaster bifrons Paxillosida Luidiidae C Tyler et al. (1993) Pontaster tenuispinus Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Mortensen (1927) Poraniomorpha Valvatida Poraniidae U borealis Poraniomorpha hispida Valvatida Poraniidae U Mortensen (1927) lists as partly a detritus feeder, others in family show a wide range of diets Porcellanaster ceruleus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Psilaster andromeda Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Mortensen (1927) Pteraster spp. Velatida Pterasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Mauzey et al. 1968) Pythonaster atlantidis Velatida Myxasteridae U Radiaster tizardi Paxillosida Radiasteridae U Solaster spp. Valvatida Solasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Mortensen 1927, Mauzey et al. 1968, Carey 1972, Jangoux 1982) Stichastrella ambigua Forcipulatida Stichasteridae U Stichastrella rosea Forcipulatida Stichasteridae U Styracaster armatus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Styracaster chuni Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982), Howell et al. (2003) Styracaster elongatus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Styracaster horridus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982), Iken et al. (2001) Thoracaster cylindratus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Zoroaster fulgens Forcipulatida Zoroasteridae C Inferred from Howell et al. (2003) and from congeners (robust) (Carey 1972) Zoroaster fulgens Forcipulatida Zoroasteridae C Inferred from Howell (et al. 2003)b and Gale et al. (2013) (slender) and from congeners (Carey 1972) aThere are 2 families in the order Brisingida, Brisingidae and Freyellidae. It is well established that the Brisingidae are suspension feeders as they are often photographed with their arms raised, feeding. However, they could also be considered as carnivores as they also feed on copepods and other small crustaceans (Downey 1986, Pawson 1976, Sokolova 2000). The Freyellidae, however, are always photographed lying flat on the bottom and are thus unlikely to be suspension feeders, according to Downey (1986). Evidence from Howell et al. (2003) also appears to be conflicting. We categorize all Brisingda as S bHowell et al. (2003) refer to Zoraster longicauda, which has since been synonymized with Zoroaster fulgens (slender morph) References for Table S1 Carey Jr AG (1972) Food sources of sublittoral, bathyal and abyssal asteroids in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Ophelia 10:35–47 Christensen AM (1970) Feeding biology of the sea star Astropecten irregularis Pennant. Ophelia 8:1–134 Dayton PK, Robilliard GA, Paine RT (1970) Benthic faunal zonation as a result of anchor ice at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic ecology 1:244–258 Dearborn JH (1977) Foods and feeding characteristics of Antarctic asteroids and ophiuroids. In: Llano GA (ed) Adaptations within Antarctic ecosystems. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, p 293–326 Downey ME (1986) Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC Fenchel T (1965) Feeding biology of the sea-star Luidia sarsi Duben & Koren. Ophelia 2:223–236 Gale KSP, Hamel JF, Mercier M (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Res I 80:25–36 Halpern JA (1970) Biological investigations of the deep sea. 51. Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bull Mar Sci 20:193–286 Howell KL, Pond DW, Billett DS, Tyler, PA (2003) Feeding ecology of deep-sea seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): a fatty-acid biomarker approach. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 255:193–206 Iken K, Brey T, Wand U, Voigt J and others (2001) Food web structure of the benthic community at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic): a stable isotope analysis. Prog Oceanogr 50:383–405 Jangoux M (1982) Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea. In: Jangoux M, Lawrence JM (eds) Echinoderm nutrition. AA Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, p 117–159 Madsen FJ (1961) The Porcellanasteridae: a monographic revision of an abyssal group of seastars. Danish Science Press, Copenhagen Mauzey KP, Birkeland C, Dayton PK (1968) Feeding behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology 603–619 Mortensen T (1927) The handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. W Backhuys, Rotterdam Pawson DL (1976) Some aspects of the biology of deep-sea echinoderms. Thalassia Jugosl 12:287–293 Pequegnat WE (1983) The ecological communities of the continental slope and adjacent regimes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Contract no. AA851-CT1-12, Final report to the US Dept of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA Pequegnat WE, Jeffrey LM (1979) Petroleum in deep benthic ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Contrib Mar Sci 22:63–75 Shield CJ, Witman JD (1993) The impact of Henricia sanguinolenta (OF Muller) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) predation on the finger sponges, Isodictya spp. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 166:107–133 Sokolova MN (2000) Feeding and trophic structure of the deep-sea macrobenthos. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC Tyler PA, Billett DSM, Gage, JD (1990) Seasonal reproduction in the seastar Dytaster grandis from 4000 m in the north-east Atlantic Ocean. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 70:173–180 Tyler PA, Gage JD, Paterson GJL, Rice AL (1993) Dietary constraints on reproductive periodicity in 2 sympatric deep-sea astropectinid seastars. Mar Biol 115:267–277 Fig. S1. Nested rank order with depth for (A) holothurians and (B) asteroids .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Star Asterias Rubens
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425292; this version posted January 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. How to build a sea star V9 The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens Hugh F. Carter*, †, Jeffrey R. Thompson*, ‡, Maurice R. Elphick§, Paola Oliveri*, ‡, 1 The first two authors contributed equally to this work *Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom †Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom ‡UCL Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution (CLOE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom §School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom 1Corresponding Author: [email protected], Office: (+44) 020-767 93719, Fax: (+44) 020 7679 7193 Keywords: indirect development, neuropeptides, muscle, echinoderms, neurogenesis 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425292; this version posted January 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. How to build a sea star V9 Abstract Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes.
    [Show full text]
  • High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project
    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00 For: The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme Report issued 30 August 2002 (Version with minor corrections 16 September 2002) Keith Hiscock, Harvey Tyler-Walters and Hugh Jones Reference: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H. & Jones, H. 2002. High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Report from the Marine Biological Association to The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme. (AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00.) Correspondence: Dr. K. Hiscock, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB. [email protected] High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species ii High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species Title: High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Contract Report: W/35/00632/00/00. Client: Department of Trade and Industry (New & Renewable Energy Programme) Contract management: AEA Technology, Environment. Date of contract issue: 22/07/2002 Level of report issue: Final Confidentiality: Distribution at discretion of DTI before Consultation report published then no restriction. Distribution: Two copies and electronic file to DTI (Mr S. Payne, Offshore Renewables Planning). One copy to MBA library. Prepared by: Dr. K. Hiscock, Dr. H. Tyler-Walters & Hugh Jones Authorization: Project Director: Dr. Keith Hiscock Date: Signature: MBA Director: Prof. S. Hawkins Date: Signature: This report can be referred to as follows: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Starfish (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the ANDEEP3 Expedition
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 185: 73–78Antarctic (2012) Starfish (Echinodermata: asteroidea) from the ANDEEP3 expedition 73 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.185.3078 DATA PAPER www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Antarctic Starfish (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the ANDEEP3 expedition Bruno Danis1, Michel Jangoux2, Jennifer Wilmes2 1 ANTABIF, 29, rue Vautier, 1000, Brussels, Belgium 2 Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, av FD Roosevelt, 1050, Brussels, Belgium Corresponding author: Bruno Danis ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vishwas Chavan | Received 13 March 2012 | Accepted 18 April 2012 | Published 23 April 2012 Citation: Danis B, Jangoux M, Wilmes J (2012) Antarctic Starfish (Echinodermata: asteroidea) from the ANDEEP3 expedition. ZooKeys 185: 73–78. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.185.3078 Abstract This dataset includes information on sea stars collected during the ANDEEP3 expedition, which took place in 2005. The expedition focused on deep-sea stations in the Powell Basin and Weddell Sea. Sea stars were collected using an Agassiz trawl (3m, mesh-size 500µm), deployed in 16 stations during the ANTXXII/3 (ANDEEP3, PS72) expedition of the RV Polarstern. Sampling depth ranged from 1047 to 4931m. Trawling distance ranged from 731 to 3841m. The sampling area ranges from -41°S to -71°S (latitude) and from 0 to -65°W (longitude). A complete list of stations is available from the PANGAEA data system (http://www.pangaea.de/PHP/CruiseReports.php?b=Polarstern), including a cruise report (http://epic-reports.awi.de/3694/1/PE_72.pdf). The dataset includes 50 records, with individual counts ranging from 1-10, reaching a total of 132 specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Predator and Scavenger Aggregation to Discarded By-Catch from Dredge Fisheries: Importance of Damage Level
    Journal of Sea Research 51 (2004) 69–76 www.elsevier.com/locate/seares Short Communication Predator and scavenger aggregation to discarded by-catch from dredge fisheries: importance of damage level S.R. Jenkinsa,b,*, C. Mullena, A.R. Branda a Port Erin Marine Laboratory (University of Liverpool), Port Erin, Isle of Man, British Isles, IM9 6JA, UK b Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK Received 23 October 2002; accepted 22 May 2003 Abstract Predator and scavenger aggregation to simulated discards from a scallop dredge fishery was investigated in the north Irish Sea using an in situ underwater video to determine differences in the response to varying levels of discard damage. The rate and magnitude of scavenger and predator aggregation was assessed using three different types of bait, undamaged, lightly damaged and highly damaged individuals of the great scallop Pecten maximus. In each treatment scallops were agitated for 40 minutes in seawater to simulate the dredging process, then subjected to the appropriate damage level before being tethered loosely in front of the video camera. The density of predators and scavengers at undamaged scallops was low and equivalent to recorded periods with no bait. Aggregation of a range of predators and scavengers occurred at damaged bait. During the 24 hour period following baiting there was a trend of increasing magnitude of predator abundance with increasing damage level. However, badly damaged scallops were eaten quickly and lightly damaged scallops attracted a higher overall magnitude of predator abundance over a longer 4 day period. Large scale temporal variability in predator aggregation to simulated discarded biota was examined by comparison of results with those of a previous study, at the same site, 4 years previously.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Phylogeography of Southern Ocean Sea Stars (Asteroidea)
    Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) Thesis submitted by Camille MOREAU in fulfilment of the requirements of the PhD Degree in science (ULB - “Docteur en Science”) and in life science (UBFC – “Docteur en Science de la vie”) Academic year 2018-2019 Supervisors: Professor Bruno Danis (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Laboratoire de Biologie Marine And Dr. Thomas Saucède (Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Biogéosciences 1 Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) Camille MOREAU Thesis committee: Mr. Mardulyn Patrick Professeur, ULB Président Mr. Van De Putte Anton Professeur Associé, IRSNB Rapporteur Mr. Poulin Elie Professeur, Université du Chili Rapporteur Mr. Rigaud Thierry Directeur de Recherche, UBFC Examinateur Mr. Saucède Thomas Maître de Conférences, UBFC Directeur de thèse Mr. Danis Bruno Professeur, ULB Co-directeur de thèse 2 Avant-propos Ce doctorat s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre les universités de Dijon et Bruxelles et m’aura ainsi permis d’élargir mon réseau au sein de la communauté scientifique tout en étendant mes horizons scientifiques. C’est tout d’abord grâce au programme vERSO (Ecosystem Responses to global change : a multiscale approach in the Southern Ocean) que ce travail a été possible, mais aussi grâce aux collaborations construites avant et pendant ce travail. Cette thèse a aussi été l’occasion de continuer à aller travailler sur le terrain des hautes latitudes à plusieurs reprises pour collecter les échantillons et rencontrer de nouveaux collègues. Par le biais de ces trois missions de recherches et des nombreuses conférences auxquelles j’ai activement participé à travers le monde, j’ai beaucoup appris, tant scientifiquement qu’humainement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sea Stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Their Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Utilization OPEN ACCESS
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328063815 The Sea Stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Their Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Utilization OPEN ACCESS Article · January 2018 CITATIONS READS 0 6 5 authors, including: Ferdinard Olisa Megwalu World Fisheries University @Pukyong National University (wfu.pknu.ackr) 3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Population Dynamics. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ferdinard Olisa Megwalu on 04 October 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Review Article Published: 17 Sep, 2018 SF Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering The Sea Stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Their Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Utilization Rahman MA1*, Molla MHR1, Megwalu FO1, Asare OE1, Tchoundi A1, Shaikh MM1 and Jahan B2 1World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Nam-gu, Busan, Korea 2Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh Abstract The Sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) are comprising of a large and diverse groups of sessile marine invertebrates having seven extant orders such as Brisingida, Forcipulatida, Notomyotida, Paxillosida, Spinulosida, Valvatida and Velatida and two extinct one such as Calliasterellidae and Trichasteropsida. Around 1,500 living species of starfish occur on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from the tropics to subzero polar waters. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths, 6,000m below the surface. Starfish typically have a central disc and five arms, though some species have a larger number of arms. The aboral or upper surface may be smooth, granular or spiny, and is covered with overlapping plates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
    O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P. Hutchings3,11, H. Kise12, F. Köhler3, J. A. Konsgrud4, E. Kupriyanova3,11,C.C.Lu1, M. Mackenzie1, C. Mah13, H. MacIntosh1, K. L. Merrin1, A. Miskelly3, M. L. Mitchell1, K. Moore14, A. Murray3,P.M.O’Loughlin1, H. Paxton3,11, J. J. Pogonoski9, D. Staples1, J. E. Watson1, R. S. Wilson1, J. Zhang3,15 and N. J. Bax2,16 Abstract Background: Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks. Methods: The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of Ophidiaster Davidsoni
    Foss. Rec., 23, 141–149, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-141-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A revision of Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne (France) and its transfer from the Valvatacea to the new forcipulatacean genus Psammaster gen. nov. Marine Fau1, Loïc Villier2, Timothy A. M. Ewin3, and Andrew S. Gale3,4 1Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 2Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France 3Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, UK, SW7 5BD, UK 4School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO13QL, UK Correspondence: Marine Fau ([email protected]) Received: 20 April 2020 – Revised: 20 June 2020 – Accepted: 23 June 2020 – Published: 28 July 2020 Abstract. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups 1 Introduction of extant sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species, but only known from fewer than 25 Asteroidea (starfish or sea stars) is one of the most diverse fossil species. Despite unequivocal members being recog- echinoderm clades with approximately 1900 extant species nized in the early Jurassic, the evolutionary history of this (Mah and Blake, 2012) and around 600 extinct species (Vil- group is still the subject of debate. Thus, the identifica- lier, 2006) However, the fossil record of Asteroidea is rather tion of any new fossil representatives is significant. We here scarce (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for the Development of a Global Standardised Marine Taxon
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/670786; this version posted June 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license. 1 A framework for the development of a global standardised marine taxon 2 reference image database (SMarTaR-ID) to support image-based analyses 3 Short title: Global marine taxon reference image database 4 Kerry L. Howell1*, Jaime S. Davies1, A. Louise Allcock2, Andreia Braga-Henriques3,4, 5 Pål Buhl-Mortensen5, Marina Carreiro-Silva6,7, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió6,7, Jennifer 6 M. Durden8, Nicola L. Foster1, Chloe A. Game9, Becky Hitchin10, Tammy Horton8, 7 Brett Hosking8, Daniel O. B. Jones8, Christopher Mah11, Claire Laguionie Marchais2, 8 Lenaick Menot12, Telmo Morato6,7, Tabitha R. R. Pearman8, Nils Piechaud1, Rebecca 9 E. Ross1,5, Henry A. Ruhl8,13, Hanieh Saeedi14,15,16, Paris V. Stefanoudis17,18, Gerald 10 H. Taranto6,7, Michael B, Thompson19, James R. Taylor20, Paul Tyler21, Johanne 11 Vad22, Lissette Victorero23,24,25, Rui P. Vieira20,26, Lucy C. Woodall16,17, Joana R. 12 Xavier27,28, Daniel Wagner29 13 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 14 1 School of Biological and Marine Science, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, 15 Plymouth, PL4 8AA. UK. 16 2 Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, and Ryan Institute, National University of 17 Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. 18 3 MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Estação de Biologia Marinha 19 do Funchal, Cais do Carvão, 9900-783 Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Advantages of the Pentameral Symmetry of the Starfish
    The advantages of the pentameral symmetry of the starfish Liang Wua1, Chengcheng Jia1, Sishuo Wanga, and Jianhao Lvb a College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China b College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China 1 Joint first authors. Corresponding author Liang Wu College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China Tel: +86-10-62731071/+86-13581827546 Fax: +86-10-62731332 E-mail: [email protected] Chengcheng Ji E-mail: [email protected] Sishuo Wang E-mail: [email protected] Jianhao Lv E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Starfish typically show pentameral symmetry, and they are typically similar in shape to a pentagram. Although starfish can evolve and live with other numbers of arms, the dominant species always show pentameral symmetry. We used mathematical and physical methods to analyze the superiority of starfish with five arms in comparison with those with a different number of arms with respect to detection, turning over, autotomy and adherence. In this study, we determined that starfish with five arms, although slightly inferior to others in one or two aspects, exhibit the best performance when the four aforementioned factors are considered together. In addition, five-armed starfish perform best on autotomy, which is crucially important for starfish survival. This superiority contributes to the dominance of five-armed starfish in evolution, which is consistent with the practical situation. Nevertheless, we can see some flexibility in the number and conformation of arms. The analyses performed in our research will be of great help in unraveling the mysteries of dominant shapes and structures.
    [Show full text]
  • An Early Cretaceous Astropectinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)
    Andean Geology 41 (1): 210-223. January, 2014 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a0810.5027/andgeoV40n2-a?? formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.andeangeology.cl An Early Cretaceous astropectinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Patagonia (Argentina): A new species and the oldest record of the family for the Southern Hemisphere Diana E. Fernández1, Damián E. Pérez2, Leticia Luci1, Martín A. Carrizo2 1 Instituto de Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber (IDEAN-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Museo de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ángel Gallardo 470, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT. Asterozoans are free living, star-shaped echinoderms which are important components of benthic marine faunas worldwide. Their fossil record is, however, poor and fragmentary, probably due to dissarticulation of ossicles. In particular, fossil asteroids are infrequent in South America. A new species of starfish is reported from the early Valanginian of the Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén Basin, in the context of a shallow-water, storm-dominated shoreface environment. The specimen belongs to the Astropectinidae, and was assigned to a new species within the genus Tethyaster Sladen, T. antares sp. nov., characterized by a R:r ratio of 2.43:1, rectangular marginals wider in the interbrachial angles, infero- marginals (28 pairs along a median arc) with slightly convex profile and flat spines (one per ossicle in the interbrachials and two per ossicle in the arms).
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Ecology of Echinoderms: Impact of Environment and Diet in Metabolomic Profile
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM Chapter CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF ECHINODERMS: IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIET IN METABOLOMIC PROFILE David M. Pereira1 ,2*, Paula B. Andrade3, Ricardo A. Pires1,2, Rui L. Reis1,2 1 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal 2 ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal 3 REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal ABSTRACT The phylum Echinodermata constitutes a successful and widespread group comprising Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea and Crinodeia. Nowadays, marine organisms are being given a lot of attention in drug discovery pipelines. In these studies, sponges and nudibranchs are frequently addressed, however an increasing number of * Corresponding author - DMP: [email protected] 2 David M. Pereira, Paula B. Andrade, Ricardo A. Pires, et al. works focus their attention in echinoderms. Given the fact that many of the bioactive molecules found in echinoderms are diet-derived, different feeding behavior and surrounding environment plays a critical role in the chemical composition of echinoderms. In this work, the most relevant chemical classes of small molecules present in echinoderms, such as fatty acids, carotenoids and sterols will be addressed. When data is available, the influence of the environment on the chemical profile of these organisms will be discussed. Keywords: Echinoderms; fatty acids; carotenoids; sterols. INTRODUCTION Marine environment remains, nowadays, the most diversified ecosystem on Earth as well as the least studied one.
    [Show full text]