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The following supplement accompanies the article β-diversity of deep-sea holothurians and asteroids along a bathymetric gradient (NE Atlantic) Martine C. Wagstaff1,*, Kerry L. Howell2, Brian J. Bett3, David S. M. Billett3, Solange Brault1, Carol T. Stuart1, Michael A. Rex1 1Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 2University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 3National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 508: 177–185 (2014) SUPPLEMENT. Feeding types of deep-sea asteroids (Table S1) used in Figure 2 in the main paper, which shows the incidence of feeding types with depth. Nested rank order with depth (Fig. S1), showing that the highest nested order is at mid-bathyal depths and there is no tendency for a downslope increase in nestedness Table S1. Asteroid trophic types in the Porcupine Seabight and Abyssal Plain. Feeding type: C: carnivore, S: suspension feeder, D: deposit feeder, U: unknown Feeding Species Order Family type Source Asterias rubens Forcipulatida Asteriidae C See references in Jangoux (1982) Astropecten irregularis Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Mortensen (1927), Christensen (1970), Jangoux (1982) Bathybiaster vexillifer Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Tyler et al. (1993), Howell et al. (2003) Benthopecten simplex Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Inferred from congener (Carey 1972) and confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Carey 1972, Dearborn 1977) Brisinga endecacnemos Brisingida Brisingidae Sa Cheiraster sepitus Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Inferred from confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Carey 1972, Dearborn 1977) Dytaster grandis Paxillosida Luidiidae C Tyler et al. (1990), Iken et al. (2001), Howell et al. (2003) grandis Freyastera sexradiata Brisingida Freyellidae Sa Inferred from confamilial (Howell et al. 2003) Freyella elegans Brisingida Freyellidae Sa Fatty acid analysis suggests S, but stomach contents show copepods from benthic boundary layer (Howell et al. 2003) Henricia cylindrella Spinulosida Echinasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Mortensen 1927, Mauzey et al. 1968, Jangoux 1982, Shield & Witman 1993) Hoplaster spinosus Valvatida Odontasteridae U Inferred from confamilials (Dayton et al. 1970, Dearborn 1977, Jangoux 1982) Hymenaster pellucidus Velatida Pterasteridae C Howell et al. (2003) Hymenaster Velatida Pterasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Carey 1972, Jangoux 1982) pergamentaceus Hymenaster rex Velatida Pterasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Carey 1972, Jangoux 1982) Hymenodiscus Brisingida Brisingidae Sa Fatty acid analysis suggests S (Howell et al. 2003), but coronata Jangoux (1982) lists as P, although where this observation comes from is unclear Hyphalaster inermis Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Iken et al. (2001), Howell et al. (2003) Luidia sarsi Paxillosida Luidiidae C Mortensen (1927), Fenchel (1965) Myxaster sol Velatida Myxasteridae U Nymphaster arenatus Valvatida Goniasteridae C Pequegnat (1983) Odontaster spp. Valvatida Odontasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Dayton et al. 1970, Dearborn 1977, Jangoux 1982) Paragonaster subtilis Paxillosida Pseudarchasteridae U Pectinaster filholi Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Inferred from congener (Carey 1972) and confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Carey 1972, Dearborn 1977) Persephonaster Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Inferred from congeners (Pequegnat & Jeffrey 1979) and patagiatus confamilials (Mortensen 1927, Christensen 1970, Jangoux 1982) Plinthaster dentatus Valvatida Goniasteridae C Inferred from congener (Halpern 1970) and confamilials (Gale et al. 2013) Plutonaster bifrons Paxillosida Luidiidae C Tyler et al. (1993) Pontaster tenuispinus Notomyotida Benthopectinidae C Mortensen (1927) Poraniomorpha Valvatida Poraniidae U borealis Poraniomorpha hispida Valvatida Poraniidae U Mortensen (1927) lists as partly a detritus feeder, others in family show a wide range of diets Porcellanaster ceruleus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Psilaster andromeda Paxillosida Astropectinidae C Mortensen (1927) Pteraster spp. Velatida Pterasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Mauzey et al. 1968) Pythonaster atlantidis Velatida Myxasteridae U Radiaster tizardi Paxillosida Radiasteridae U Solaster spp. Valvatida Solasteridae C Inferred from congeners (Mortensen 1927, Mauzey et al. 1968, Carey 1972, Jangoux 1982) Stichastrella ambigua Forcipulatida Stichasteridae U Stichastrella rosea Forcipulatida Stichasteridae U Styracaster armatus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Styracaster chuni Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982), Howell et al. (2003) Styracaster elongatus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Styracaster horridus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982), Iken et al. (2001) Thoracaster cylindratus Paxillosida Porcellanasteridae D Madsen (1961), Jangoux (1982) Zoroaster fulgens Forcipulatida Zoroasteridae C Inferred from Howell et al. (2003) and from congeners (robust) (Carey 1972) Zoroaster fulgens Forcipulatida Zoroasteridae C Inferred from Howell (et al. 2003)b and Gale et al. (2013) (slender) and from congeners (Carey 1972) aThere are 2 families in the order Brisingida, Brisingidae and Freyellidae. It is well established that the Brisingidae are suspension feeders as they are often photographed with their arms raised, feeding. However, they could also be considered as carnivores as they also feed on copepods and other small crustaceans (Downey 1986, Pawson 1976, Sokolova 2000). The Freyellidae, however, are always photographed lying flat on the bottom and are thus unlikely to be suspension feeders, according to Downey (1986). Evidence from Howell et al. (2003) also appears to be conflicting. We categorize all Brisingda as S bHowell et al. (2003) refer to Zoraster longicauda, which has since been synonymized with Zoroaster fulgens (slender morph) References for Table S1 Carey Jr AG (1972) Food sources of sublittoral, bathyal and abyssal asteroids in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Ophelia 10:35–47 Christensen AM (1970) Feeding biology of the sea star Astropecten irregularis Pennant. Ophelia 8:1–134 Dayton PK, Robilliard GA, Paine RT (1970) Benthic faunal zonation as a result of anchor ice at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic ecology 1:244–258 Dearborn JH (1977) Foods and feeding characteristics of Antarctic asteroids and ophiuroids. In: Llano GA (ed) Adaptations within Antarctic ecosystems. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, p 293–326 Downey ME (1986) Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC Fenchel T (1965) Feeding biology of the sea-star Luidia sarsi Duben & Koren. Ophelia 2:223–236 Gale KSP, Hamel JF, Mercier M (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Res I 80:25–36 Halpern JA (1970) Biological investigations of the deep sea. 51. Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bull Mar Sci 20:193–286 Howell KL, Pond DW, Billett DS, Tyler, PA (2003) Feeding ecology of deep-sea seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): a fatty-acid biomarker approach. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 255:193–206 Iken K, Brey T, Wand U, Voigt J and others (2001) Food web structure of the benthic community at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic): a stable isotope analysis. Prog Oceanogr 50:383–405 Jangoux M (1982) Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea. In: Jangoux M, Lawrence JM (eds) Echinoderm nutrition. AA Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, p 117–159 Madsen FJ (1961) The Porcellanasteridae: a monographic revision of an abyssal group of seastars. Danish Science Press, Copenhagen Mauzey KP, Birkeland C, Dayton PK (1968) Feeding behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology 603–619 Mortensen T (1927) The handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. W Backhuys, Rotterdam Pawson DL (1976) Some aspects of the biology of deep-sea echinoderms. Thalassia Jugosl 12:287–293 Pequegnat WE (1983) The ecological communities of the continental slope and adjacent regimes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Contract no. AA851-CT1-12, Final report to the US Dept of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA Pequegnat WE, Jeffrey LM (1979) Petroleum in deep benthic ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Contrib Mar Sci 22:63–75 Shield CJ, Witman JD (1993) The impact of Henricia sanguinolenta (OF Muller) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) predation on the finger sponges, Isodictya spp. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 166:107–133 Sokolova MN (2000) Feeding and trophic structure of the deep-sea macrobenthos. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC Tyler PA, Billett DSM, Gage, JD (1990) Seasonal reproduction in the seastar Dytaster grandis from 4000 m in the north-east Atlantic Ocean. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 70:173–180 Tyler PA, Gage JD, Paterson GJL, Rice AL (1993) Dietary constraints on reproductive periodicity in 2 sympatric deep-sea astropectinid seastars. Mar Biol 115:267–277 Fig. S1. Nested rank order with depth for (A) holothurians and (B) asteroids .
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    Andean Geology 41 (1): 210-223. January, 2014 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a0810.5027/andgeoV40n2-a?? formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.andeangeology.cl An Early Cretaceous astropectinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Patagonia (Argentina): A new species and the oldest record of the family for the Southern Hemisphere Diana E. Fernández1, Damián E. Pérez2, Leticia Luci1, Martín A. Carrizo2 1 Instituto de Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber (IDEAN-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Museo de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ángel Gallardo 470, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT. Asterozoans are free living, star-shaped echinoderms which are important components of benthic marine faunas worldwide. Their fossil record is, however, poor and fragmentary, probably due to dissarticulation of ossicles. In particular, fossil asteroids are infrequent in South America. A new species of starfish is reported from the early Valanginian of the Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén Basin, in the context of a shallow-water, storm-dominated shoreface environment. The specimen belongs to the Astropectinidae, and was assigned to a new species within the genus Tethyaster Sladen, T. antares sp. nov., characterized by a R:r ratio of 2.43:1, rectangular marginals wider in the interbrachial angles, infero- marginals (28 pairs along a median arc) with slightly convex profile and flat spines (one per ossicle in the interbrachials and two per ossicle in the arms).
  • Chemical Ecology of Echinoderms: Impact of Environment and Diet in Metabolomic Profile

    Chemical Ecology of Echinoderms: Impact of Environment and Diet in Metabolomic Profile

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM Chapter CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF ECHINODERMS: IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIET IN METABOLOMIC PROFILE David M. Pereira1 ,2*, Paula B. Andrade3, Ricardo A. Pires1,2, Rui L. Reis1,2 1 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal 2 ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal 3 REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal ABSTRACT The phylum Echinodermata constitutes a successful and widespread group comprising Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea and Crinodeia. Nowadays, marine organisms are being given a lot of attention in drug discovery pipelines. In these studies, sponges and nudibranchs are frequently addressed, however an increasing number of * Corresponding author - DMP: [email protected] 2 David M. Pereira, Paula B. Andrade, Ricardo A. Pires, et al. works focus their attention in echinoderms. Given the fact that many of the bioactive molecules found in echinoderms are diet-derived, different feeding behavior and surrounding environment plays a critical role in the chemical composition of echinoderms. In this work, the most relevant chemical classes of small molecules present in echinoderms, such as fatty acids, carotenoids and sterols will be addressed. When data is available, the influence of the environment on the chemical profile of these organisms will be discussed. Keywords: Echinoderms; fatty acids; carotenoids; sterols. INTRODUCTION Marine environment remains, nowadays, the most diversified ecosystem on Earth as well as the least studied one.