The 26th Annual Conference of JSMCWM, 2015

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The effects of malodorous substances from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Climate-Change as Greenhouse-Gas: Calculating GWP of Hydrogen Sulfide

○Jo Gwanggon, Amin Kalantarifard, Jang Jihoon, Byeon Eunsong, Jang yuna, Yang Gosu

1. Instruction

In countries that implemented the 'Emissions Trading', the rate of greenhouse-gas emissions as ‘energy’ is much larger than other parts. Among ‘energy’ parts, ‘incineration power station’ is known to a lots of CO2 emissions because characteristic of fossils fuel, so many country is trying to change their power station system fossils station to waste recycling system as renewable energy. Also CO2 can emit from solid waste incinerator, emissions of its have calculated by basic data as mainly refrigerant from IPCC report so far. But a substances that IPCC made and reported is limited as chemical compounds, IPCC group is analyzing and developing a list of greenhouse-gas compounds through additional studies. This study aimed to research Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)’s capacity of main incinerator at Jeollabuk-do, calculate to GWP of H2S as malodorous substances that didn’t calculated by IPCC 5th guideline and finally convert to H2S-greenhouse effect by using equation of its physical and chemical characteristic functions.

2. Material and Method

1) Equation of greenhouse-gas emissions from waste treatment

To calculate total greenhouse effect of emitted H2S as CO2 during MSW treatment, we need total treatment capacity of MSW, H2S emissions factor and GWP. This function consist with following equations

[푇푊 × (퐸 + 퐸 + 퐸 )] 푇퐺퐸 = 퐺푊푃 × 퐼푝 푆푓 푆푡 ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ (1) 퐻2푆 퐻2푆 103

where 퐸퐼푝 , 퐸푆푓, 퐸푆푡 indicate H2S emission factor emitted from waste input, storage facility, stack and unit is kg/activity-ton, respectively. TW is MSW’s total capacity (ton/year) to import into incinerator. As mixing GWP of H2S to these options, 푇퐺퐸퐻2푆 is CO2 emissions (tCO2/year) converted from H2S in MSW incinerator

2) Calculating GWP of Hydrogen Sulfide

The form of the GWP to be used in this analysis is

푡 1000 푇퐻 − 푅퐹 × ( ) × ∫ 푒 휏푎 푑푡 푎 푀푊푎 0 퐺푊푃 = 푡 ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ (2) 1000 푇퐻 − 푅퐹 × ( ) × ∫ 푒 휏푐표2 푑푡 푐표2 푀푊푐표2 0 where RF is radiative forcing (Wm-2) of substance by FT-IR, TH is the time horizon(year) of substance what we want to -1 calculate. MW is molecular weight (g/mol ), 휏 is atmospheric lifetime (year) in years for the GHC and CO2, respectively (Elrod, 1999). RF calculated by Elrod’s spread sheet on his paper, is parameterized in 10 cm-1 intervals for a ppbv and -1 adjusted that 100 sections (500~1500 cm ) compared divided H2S’s substance spectrum from experimented FT-IR. 휎푖 is a functions consist with infrared spectroscopic absorption, path length of the IR cell(cm), number density(molecules/cm- 3) with adjusted concentration and temperature. 퐹휎 is RF per absorption unit cross sections at average earth sky(i.e., -2 including clouds) RF from narrow-band model by Pinnock (1995). We used a RF of CO2 data (1.37E-05 Wm ) from IPCC 5th report.

Jo Gwanggon, Chonbuk University Engineering Bldg 2-6, 4F, Chonbuk National Univ., Deokjin-dong 1ga, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea Tel: +82-63-270-4474 FAX: +82-63-270-4475 E-mail: [email protected] Ker Word; Domestic Solid Waste, GWP, Hydrogen Sulfide

－547－ The 26th Annual Conference of JSMCWM, 2015

3. Result

1) Emissions of Jeollabuk-do municipal domestic waste

We illustrated import volume of MSW to incineration, H2S Emission factor (Waste input, Storage facility, Stack), except to ‘landfill’, ‘recycle’ at Jeollabuk-do from government report research on Table 1.

Table 1 Incinerated MSW emissions by cities and H2S emission factor from storage and incineration

Incinerated MSW in mixed H2S Emissions(kg/year) Area emitted (ton/year) Waste input Storage facility Stack Jeonju-si 49530.50 3.46 1.59 64.39 Iksan-si 32923.00 2.30 1.05 42.80 Jeongup-si 12191.00 0.85 0.39 15.85 Namwon-si 36.50 0.00 0.00 0.05 Gimje-si 7300.00 0.51 0.23 9.49 Wanju-gun 5365.50 0.38 0.17 6.98

2) GWP of hydrogen sulfide

-2 We got a RF data 3.77E-05 Wm of H2S from FT-IR, also realized final H2S GWP is each 22.8, 5.8 with used basic gas characteristic of H2S(Time Horizon 20, 100, Lifetime 0.12, adjust temperature, concentration by using Ideal Gas Equation, number density 9.70E+15 n/cm-3).

3) Converted greenhouse-gas emissions from waste treatment

Finally we got a result from equation (1) with data of Table 1.

Table 2 Total emissions of H2S and converted H2S-CO2 emissions from incinerator

Area Total Emissions of H2S (kg/year) Converted H2S-CO2 Emissions from incinerator (ton/year) Jeonju-si 69.448 1.583 Iksan-si 46.156 1.052 Jeongup-si 17.091 0.390 Namwon-si 0.051 0.001 Gimje-si 10.234 0.233 Wanju-gun 7.522 0.172

4. Conclusion

CO2 emissions (ton/year) converted from H2S as greenhouse-gas is shown Jeonju-si 1.583, Iksan-si 1.052, Jeongup-si 0.390, Namwon-si 0.001, Gimje-si 0.233, and Wanju-gun 0.172 from 6 incinerator at Jeollabuk-do. We considered that seems a big range of difference emissions result is due to a municipalities which using huge incinerator is Jeonju-si, Iksan- si only in Jeollabuk-do, In contrast, other municipalities commit to small energy plant where placed in their city and make resource from MSW. According to our estimation, it is considered that greenhouse-gas effect as H2S to be small compared with total CO2 emissions from Jeonju-si (201,298 tCO2eq) and Iksan-si (48,959 tCO2eq) incinerator through “greenhouse gas inventory & research center of Korea” web site.

5. Acknowledge

This work was supported financially by The Climate Change Specialization Graduate School program of Chonbuk National University.

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