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Recherche D'agents Infectieux Circulant Dans Une Communauté D Recherche d’agents infectieux circulant dans une communauté d’hôtes, intérêt pour la conservation des PNHs et risque d’émergence de maladies zoonotiquesau Centre De Primatologie du CIRMF et dans les sanctuaires de PNHs (au Gabon)rimatologie du CIRMF (Gabon) Barthelemy Ngoubangoye To cite this version: Barthelemy Ngoubangoye. Recherche d’agents infectieux circulant dans une communauté d’hôtes, intérêt pour la conservation des PNHs et risque d’émergence de maladies zoonotiquesau Centre De Primatologie du CIRMF et dans les sanctuaires de PNHs (au Gabon)rimatologie du CIRMF (Gabon). Microbiologie et Parasitologie. Université de Lyon, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017LYSE1112. tel- 01790345 HAL Id: tel-01790345 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01790345 Submitted on 12 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°d’ordre NNT : 2017LYSE112 THESE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON opérée au sein de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Ecole Doctorale 341 Evolution, Ecosystèmes, Microbiologie, Modèlisation Spécialité de doctorat : Micro-organismes, interactions, infections Soutenue publiquement le 13/07/2017, par : Barthélémy Ngoubangoye Recherche d’agents infectieux circulant dans une communauté d’hôtes, intérêt pour la conservation des PNHs et risque d’émergence de maladies zoonotiques au Centre De Primatologie du CIRMF et dans les sanctuaires de PNH au Gabon Devant le jury composé de : Lina, Gérard Professeur, UCBL1 Président Charbonnel, Nathalie DR2, INRA / EFPA Rapporteur.e Vittecoq, Marion CR, Tour de Valat Examinatrice Pontier, Dominique Professeur, UCBL1 Directrice de thèse Renaud, François DRCE, CNR / IRD Co-directeur de thèse Leroy, Eric DR1, CIRMF / IRD Invité UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD - LYON 1 Président de l’Université M. le Professeur Frédéric FLEURY Président du Conseil Académique M. le Professeur Hamda BEN HADID Vice-président du Conseil d’Administration M. le Professeur Didier REVEL Vice-président du Conseil Formation et Vie Universitaire M. le Professeur Philippe CHEVALIER Vice-président de la Commission Recherche M. Fabrice VALLÉE Directrice Générale des Services Mme Dominique MARCHAND COMPOSANTES SANTE Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est – Claude Bernard Directeur : M. le Professeur G.RODE Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud – Charles Directeur : Mme la Professeure C. BURILLON Mérieux Directeur : M. le Professeur D. BOURGEOIS Faculté d’Odontologie Directeur : Mme la Professeure C. VINCIGUERRA Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques Directeur : M. X. PERROT Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Réadaptation Directeur : Mme la Professeure A-M. SCHOTT Département de formation et Centre de Recherche en Biologie Humaine COMPOSANTES ET DEPARTEMENTS DE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Directeur : M. F. DE MARCHI Département Biologie Directeur : M. le Professeur F. THEVENARD Département Chimie Biochimie Directeur : Mme C. FELIX Département GEP Directeur : M. Hassan HAMMOURI Département Informatique Directeur : M. le Professeur S. AKKOUCHE Département Mathématiques Directeur : M. le Professeur G. TOMANOV Département Mécanique Directeur : M. le Professeur H. BEN HADID Département Physique Directeur : M. le Professeur J-C PLENET UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Directeur : M. Y.VANPOULLE Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Lyon Directeur : M. B. GUIDERDONI Polytech Lyon Directeur : M. le Professeur E.PERRIN Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique Directeur : M. G. PIGNAULT Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Lyon 1 Directeur : M. le Professeur C. VITON Ecole Supérieure du Professorat et de l’Education Directeur : M. le Professeur A. MOUGNIOTTE Institut de Science Financière et d'Assurances Directeur : M. N. LEBOISNE i Remerciements Je tiens à adresser mes sincères remerciements à toutes les personnes qui ont rendu possible la réalisation de ce travail et à celles qui ont participé de près ou de loin à l’aboutissement de ces travaux de thèse. Mes remerciements vont d’abord à l’endroit du Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) qui s’est investi dans ma formation depuis le cursus vétérinaire, les spécialisations en expérimentation animale, chirurgie osseuse vétérinaire et ce projet de thèse. Par le CIRMF, je voudrai remercier Le Docteur Eric Leroy, Directeur Général du CIRMF, qui a pensé qu’il était bénéfique pour cette institution de couronner mon expertise vétérinaire d’un manteau de chercheur. De façon privilégiée, mes remerciements vont également à l’endroit de Madame le Professeur Dominique Pontier pour cette histoire qui est d’abord la vôtre. Alors que je découvrais la recherche et l’écologie, vous m’avez fait confiance et inculqué méthodiquement la démarche et la rigueur scientifique qui ont suscité en moi un profond intérêt pour la recherche. Une thèse entière ne suffira pas pour exprimer l’admiration que j’ai pour vous. « Nous avons commencé dans la Moïse, mais nous pétons la calamine aujourd’hui ». De même, je tiens spécialement à remercier notre Co- Directeur de thèse, le Docteur François RENAUD, pour sa confiance et sa disponibilité. Ces années d’apprentissage à vos cotés ont renforcé le goût du travail bien fait et la quête du perpétuel questionnement. Merci pour cette expérience très enrichissante qui j’espère se poursuivra. Le Professeur Antoine Andremont et le Docteur Nathalie Charbonnel pour leur enthousiasme et la spontanéité avec laquelle ils ont accepté d’être les rapporteurs de cette thèse. Le Professeur Gérard Lina, le Docteur Marion Vittecoq et le Docteur Eric Leroy pour l’honneur qu’ils m’ont témoigné en acceptant de faire partie de ce jury. Profonde reconnaissance. Parce que toutes les personnes ayant contribué de loin ou de prés à ce travail sont des vases d’honneur à mes yeux, je voudrai m’excuser pour des éventuels oublis qui ne témoignent rien d’autre que l’imperfection humaine qui m’habite. Je voudrai remercier : Luc et Odile Perino. Je ne saurai vous remercier tellement votre apport est inestimable. Vous êtes des amis sur qui je peux compter en toute circonstance. J’espère que nous aurons encore beaucoup de choses à vivre, mes chers parents Français. ii Les Docteurs Franck Prugnolle, David Fouchet, Virginie Rougeron, Gaël Darren Maganga, Anne laure Banulus et Monsieur Arsene Mabika pour votre co-encadrement, votre patience et vos qualités pédagogiques. Le Dr Gaël Darren Maganga pour la formation en virologie et l’amitié sans cesse renouvelée. Le Dr Larson Boundenga avec qui j’ai partagé les couloirs de ce sentier de l’apprentissage. Ne pouvant te remercier à la hauteur de ton soutien, je te remercie de trouver dans la faiblesse de mes écrits, la marque du témoignage de ce qui nous lie. Le Dr Illich Mombo pour ces années partagées dans l’apprentissage et ton amitié. Le Dr Augustin Mouinga Ondeme dit « AMO »; mon complice et ma doublure. Le Professeur Jean Bernard LEKANA, mon cher aîné pour ses conseils pertinents, sa disponibilité, la bonne humeur et « l’héritage ». Les Docteurs Thierry Tsoumbou, Vacky Otora Bertony, Martial Gboyou, Geraldine Leyogho. Parce que ce projet vous a permis de mener vos thèses vétérinaires; il est aussi le vôtre. Merci pour les moments passés dans cette aventure. Les Docteurs Anais Herbert, Thierry Tsoumbou, Michel Halbwax et Laurent Dravignet pour votre soutien lorsque je ne pouvais pas accomplir mes fonctions vétérinaires. Céline Arnathau, Cécile Cassan, Nancy Makoundoum pour votre assistance au laboratoire. Monsieur le Professeur Tristan Ferry, Mme Helene Meugnier pour vos conseils, votre assistance technique. Ma famille Lyonnaise (Geoffroy et Nelly Bouanga, Michelle, Estelle) et Mme Marcelle Leroy pour votre assistance et aide multiforme. Eric Willaume, Sarah et le Rotary Club Guyon pour le soutien multiforme dont j’ai pu bénéficier durant ces travaux. Les membres du Centre De Primatologie (CDP), du parc de Bakoumba (LEK) et du Projet de Protection des Gorilles (PPG) pour votre participation à ce projet et ces années de travail. Toutes les nombreuses personnes travaillant au CIRMF qui m’ont manifesté leur amitié et sympathie. J’espère qu’ils sauront se reconnaître à travers ces mots. Mon père et ma mère, mes oncles à qui j’exprime toute ma reconnaissance pour les sacrifices que vous avez consentis à mon égard tout au long de mes études. Merci pour votre soutien et votre présence permanente. Mes tantes, oncles et cousins, pour le soutien moral et les encouragements durant toutes ces iii années. Vos conseils seront toujours les bienvenus.Enfin, de façon singulière, je voudrai remercier : Mes chiens Loloutte et Blacky pour m’avoir pardonné quand j’oubliais de vous nourrir à cause de la thèse. Merci ma louloutte !! Dr Bettina Salle: De la haut, je sais que tu veilles sur moi. Tu me manques !!! Ma moitié, mon épouse, Christine Sandra Ngoubangoye née Nse Esseng. Ton investissement est tellement multiforme que même un GLMM (Modèle Linéaire Généralisé à Effet Mixte) ne pourrait estimer ton apport dans ce travail. Merci pour cette substitution dans les responsabilités du couple quand j’ai dû m’absenter. Ces années de thèse ont eu des hauts et des bas, nul autre que toi n’a vibré au rythme de ces amplitudes. Je t’aime !! Mes enfants Bernice, Pasco, Josy, Barthimey, Briseis et « Barthel ». Pour les cinq (5) premiers, j’espère que ce travail établit le fil conducteur qui tracera le chemin de la réussite dans les différents domaines que vous emprunterez. Pour le dernier, je voudrai te dire « désolé » pour n’avoir pas influencé le cours des événements afin que les choses soient différentes. Par ton expérience, je sais combien la pression parasitaire est une réalité pour les peuples vivant sous l’équateur.
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