Taxonomic Index to the Parasites and Vectors Considered
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Diversity of Trichonympha (Parabasalia: Hypermastigida) of the Wood-Feeding Cockroach Cryptocercus Punctulatus
J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 56(4), 2009 pp. 305–313 r 2009 The Author(s) Journal compilation r 2009 by the International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00406.x Morphology, Phylogeny, and Diversity of Trichonympha (Parabasalia: Hypermastigida) of the Wood-Feeding Cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus KEVIN J. CARPENTER, LAWRENCE CHOW and PATRICK J. KEELING Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Botany Department, University of British Columbia, University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 ABSTRACT. Trichonympha is one of the most complex and visually striking of the hypermastigote parabasalids—a group of anaerobic flagellates found exclusively in hindguts of lower termites and the wood-feeding cockroach Cryptocercus—but it is one of only two genera common to both groups of insects. We investigated Trichonympha of Cryptocercus using light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), as well as molecular phylogeny, to gain a better understanding of its morphology, diversity, and evolution. Microscopy reveals numerous new features, such as previously undetected bacterial surface symbionts, adhesion of post-rostral flagella, and a dis- tinctive frilled operculum. We also sequenced small subunit rRNA gene from manually isolated species, and carried out an environmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) survey of Trichonympha diversity, all of which strongly supports monophyly of Trichonympha from Cryptocercus to the exclusion of those sampled from termites. Bayesian and distance methods support a relationship between Tricho- nympha species from termites and Cryptocercus, although likelihood analysis allies the latter with Eucomonymphidae. A monophyletic Trichonympha is of great interest because recent evidence supports a sister relationship between Cryptocercus and termites, suggesting Trichonympha predates the Cryptocercus-termite divergence. -
Non-Invasive Surveillance for Plasmodium in Reservoir Macaque
Siregar et al. Malar J (2015) 14:404 DOI 10.1186/s12936-015-0857-2 METHODOLOGY Open Access Non‑invasive surveillance for Plasmodium in reservoir macaque species Josephine E. Siregar1, Christina L. Faust2*, Lydia S. Murdiyarso1, Lis Rosmanah3, Uus Saepuloh3, Andrew P. Dobson2 and Diah Iskandriati3 Abstract Background: Primates are important reservoirs for human diseases, but their infection status and disease dynamics are difficult to track in the wild. Within the last decade, a macaque malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, has caused disease in hundreds of humans in Southeast Asia. In order to track cases and understand zoonotic risk, it is imperative to be able to quantify infection status in reservoir macaque species. In this study, protocols for the collection of non-invasive samples and isolation of malaria parasites from naturally infected macaques are optimized. Methods: Paired faecal and blood samples from 60 Macaca fascicularis and four Macaca nemestrina were collected. All animals came from Sumatra or Java and were housed in semi-captive breeding colonies around West Java. DNA was extracted from samples using a modified protocol. Nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were run to detect Plasmodium using primers targeting mitochondrial DNA. Sensitivity of screening faecal samples for Plasmodium was compared to other studies using Kruskal Wallis tests and logistic regression models. Results: The best primer set was 96.7 % (95 % confidence intervals (CI): 83.3–99.4 %) sensitive for detecting Plasmo- dium in faecal samples of naturally infected macaques (n 30). This is the first study to produce definitive estimates of Plasmodium sensitivity and specificity in faecal samples= from naturally infected hosts. -
Journal of Parasitology
Journal of Parasitology Eimeria taggarti n. sp., a Novel Coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) in the Prostate of an Antechinus flavipes --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: 17-111R1 Full Title: Eimeria taggarti n. sp., a Novel Coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) in the Prostate of an Antechinus flavipes Short Title: Eimeria taggarti n. sp. in Prostate of Antechinus flavipes Article Type: Regular Article Corresponding Author: Jemima Amery-Gale, BVSc(Hons), BAnSci, MVSc University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria AUSTRALIA Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: University of Melbourne Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Jemima Amery-Gale, BVSc(Hons), BAnSci, MVSc First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Jemima Amery-Gale, BVSc(Hons), BAnSci, MVSc Joanne Maree Devlin, BVSc(Hons), MVPHMgt, PhD Liliana Tatarczuch David Augustine Taggart David J Schultz Jenny A Charles Ian Beveridge Order of Authors Secondary Information: Abstract: A novel coccidian species was discovered in the prostate of an Antechinus flavipes (yellow-footed antechinus) in South Australia, during the period of post-mating male antechinus immunosuppression and mortality. This novel coccidian is unusual because it develops extra-intestinally and sporulates endogenously within the prostate gland of its mammalian host. Histological examination of prostatic tissue revealed dense aggregations of spherical and thin-walled tetrasporocystic, dizoic sporulated coccidian oocysts within tubular lumina, with unsporulated oocysts and gamogonic stages within the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells. This coccidian was observed occurring concurrently with dasyurid herpesvirus 1 infection of the antechinus' prostate. Eimeria- specific 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA PCR amplification was used to obtain a partial 18S rDNA nucleotide sequence from the antechinus coccidian. -
Culture of Exoerythrocytic Forms in Vitro
Advances in PARASITOLOGY VOLUME 27 Editorial Board W. H. R. Lumsden University of Dundee Animal Services Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, P.O. Box 120, Dundee DDI 9SY, UK P. Wenk Tropenmedizinisches Institut, Universitat Tubingen, D7400 Tubingen 1, Wilhelmstrasse 3 1, Federal Republic of Germany C. Bryant Department of Zoology, Australian National University, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia E. J. L. Soulsby Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK K. S. Warren Director for Health Sciences, The Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10036, USA J. P. Kreier Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1292, USA M. Yokogawa Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Advances in PARASITOLOGY Edited by J. R. BAKER Cambridge, England and R. MULLER Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology St. Albans, England VOLUME 27 1988 ACADEMIC PRESS Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers London San Diego New York Boston Sydney Tokyo Toronto ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24/28 Oval Road LONDON NW 1 7DX United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. San Diego, CA 92101 Copyright 0 1988, by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Advances in parasitology.-Vol. 27 1. Veterinary parasitology 591.2'3 SF810.A3 ISBN Cb12-031727-3 ISSN 0065-308X Typeset by Latimer Trend and Company Ltd, Plymouth, England Printed in Great Britain by Galliard (Printers) Ltd, Great Yarmouth CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 27 B. -
FIELD GUIDE to WARMWATER FISH DISEASES in CENTRAL and EASTERN EUROPE, the CAUCASUS and CENTRAL ASIA Cover Photographs: Courtesy of Kálmán Molnár and Csaba Székely
SEC/C1182 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular I SSN 2070-6065 FIELD GUIDE TO WARMWATER FISH DISEASES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA Cover photographs: Courtesy of Kálmán Molnár and Csaba Székely. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1182 SEC/C1182 (En) FIELD GUIDE TO WARMWATER FISH DISEASES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA By Kálmán Molnár1, Csaba Székely1 and Mária Láng2 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 2 National Food Chain Safety Office – Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Ankara, 2019 Required citation: Molnár, K., Székely, C. and Láng, M. 2019. Field guide to the control of warmwater fish diseases in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No.1182. Ankara, FAO. 124 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
Trichonympha Burlesquei N. Sp. from Reticulitermes Virginicus and Evidence Against a Cosmopolitan Distribution of Trichonympha Agilis in Many Termite Hosts
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2013), 63, 3873–3876 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.054874-0 Trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. from Reticulitermes virginicus and evidence against a cosmopolitan distribution of Trichonympha agilis in many termite hosts Erick R. James,1 Vera Tai,1 Rudolf H. Scheffrahn2 and Patrick J. Keeling1 Correspondence 1Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Patrick J. Keeling Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] 2University of Florida Research & Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL 33314, USA Historically, symbiotic protists in termite hindguts have been considered to be the same species if they are morphologically similar, even if they are found in different host species. For example, the first-described hindgut and hypermastigote parabasalian, Trichonympha agilis (Leidy, 1877) has since been documented in six species of Reticulitermes, in addition to the original discovery in Reticulitermes flavipes. Here we revisit one of these, Reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogenetic analysis from single-cell isolates and show that the Trichonympha in R. virginicus is distinct from isolates in the type host and describe this novel species as Trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. We also show the molecular diversity of Trichonympha from the type host R. flavipes is greater than supposed, itself probably representing more than one species. All of this is consistent with recent data suggesting a major underestimate of termite symbiont diversity. Members of the genus Trichonympha are large and species of termite: in practice, similar-looking symbionts of structurally complex parabasalians exclusively found in the genus Trichonympha from different termite species are the symbiotic, lignocellulose-digesting hindgut community assumed to be the same species. -
The Life Cycle of Plasmodium Vinckei Lentum Subsp. Nov. in the Laboratory
Annals of Tropical Medicixe and Parasitology, 1970. Vol. 64, No. 3 The Me cycle of PZusmodium uimkei Zentum subsp. nov.* in the laboratory; comments on the nomenclature of the murine malaria parasites BY I. LANDAU, J. C. MICHEL, J. P. ADAM AND Y. BOULARD -- (From the Laboratoire de Zoologie (Vers) associé au C.N.R.S., Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle de Paris, and l‘Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d’Outre-Mer, Centre de Brazzaville) (Received for publication October Ioth, 1969) In 1966 Adam, Landau and Chabaud discovered two malaria parasites in the forest rodent TJza~~znomysrutilam7 captured in the Congo (Brazzaville). From their morphology in the blood the parasites were identified as Plasmodium berghei Vincke and Lips, 1948, and P. vinckei Rodhain, 19.52, but, since their complete life-cycles were not then known, it was not possible to determine their subspecific status and relationships to similar parasites from other parts of Africa. In later work, the berghei-like parasite was found to be easily transmitted cyclically in the laboratory, and the sporogony and tissue schizogony of this subspecies, P. berghei killicki, have been described elsewhere (Landau, Michel and Adam, 1968). In contrast, stages of the life-cycle of the viizckei-like parasite were less easily obtained, and attempts were made using many new isolates before the best methods of cyclically passaging this sub- species in the laboratory were determined. In the present paper, a description is given of the complete life cycle of P. vinckei lentum subsp. nov., from Brazzaville, and the nomenclature of the murine malaria parasites is discussed. -
Molecular Characterization and Phylogeny of Four New Species of the Genus Trichonympha (Parabasalia, Trichonymphea) from Lower Termite Hindguts
TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Boscaro et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:3570–3575 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002169 Molecular characterization and phylogeny of four new species of the genus Trichonympha (Parabasalia, Trichonymphea) from lower termite hindguts Vittorio Boscaro,1,* Erick R. James,1 Rebecca Fiorito,1 Elisabeth Hehenberger,1 Anna Karnkowska,1,2 Javier del Campo,1 Martin Kolisko,1,3 Nicholas A. T. Irwin,1 Varsha Mathur,1 Rudolf H. Scheffrahn4 and Patrick J. Keeling1 Abstract Members of the genus Trichonympha are among the most well-known, recognizable and widely distributed parabasalian symbionts of lower termites and the wood-eating cockroach species of the genus Cryptocercus. Nevertheless, the species diversity of this genus is largely unknown. Molecular data have shown that the superficial morphological similarities traditionally used to identify species are inadequate, and have challenged the view that the same species of the genus Trichonympha can occur in many different host species. Ambiguities in the literature, uncertainty in identification of both symbiont and host, and incomplete samplings are limiting our understanding of the systematics, ecology and evolution of this taxon. Here we describe four closely related novel species of the genus Trichonympha collected from South American and Australian lower termites: Trichonympha hueyi sp. nov. from Rugitermes laticollis, Trichonympha deweyi sp. nov. from Glyptotermes brevicornis, Trichonympha louiei sp. nov. from Calcaritermes temnocephalus and Trichonympha webbyae sp. nov. from Rugitermes bicolor. We provide molecular barcodes to identify both the symbionts and their hosts, and infer the phylogeny of the genus Trichonympha based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences. The analysis confirms the considerable divergence of symbionts of members of the genus Cryptocercus, and shows that the two clades of the genus Trichonympha harboured by termites reflect only in part the phylogeny of their hosts. -
The Apicoplast: a Review of the Derived Plastid of Apicomplexan Parasites
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 7: 57-80. Online journalThe Apicoplastat www.cimb.org 57 The Apicoplast: A Review of the Derived Plastid of Apicomplexan Parasites Ross F. Waller1 and Geoffrey I. McFadden2,* way to apicoplast discovery with studies of extra- chromosomal DNAs recovered from isopycnic density 1Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 gradient fractionation of total Plasmodium DNA. This University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada group recovered two DNA forms; one a 6kb tandemly 2Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, Botany, University repeated element that was later identifed as the of Melbourne, 3010, Australia mitochondrial genome, and a second, 35kb circle that was supposed to represent the DNA circles previously observed by microscopists (Wilson et al., 1996b; Wilson Abstract and Williamson, 1997). This molecule was also thought The apicoplast is a plastid organelle, homologous to to be mitochondrial DNA, and early sequence data of chloroplasts of plants, that is found in apicomplexan eubacterial-like rRNA genes supported this organellar parasites such as the causative agents of Malaria conclusion. However, as the sequencing effort continued Plasmodium spp. It occurs throughout the Apicomplexa a new conclusion, that was originally embraced with and is an ancient feature of this group acquired by the some awkwardness (“Have malaria parasites three process of endosymbiosis. Like plant chloroplasts, genomes?”, Wilson et al., 1991), began to emerge. apicoplasts are semi-autonomous with their own genome Gradually, evermore convincing character traits of a and expression machinery. In addition, apicoplasts import plastid genome were uncovered, and strong parallels numerous proteins encoded by nuclear genes. These with plastid genomes from non-photosynthetic plants nuclear genes largely derive from the endosymbiont (Epifagus virginiana) and algae (Astasia longa) became through a process of intracellular gene relocation. -
The Nuclear 18S Ribosomal Dnas of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites Josef Harl1, Tanja Himmel1, Gediminas Valkiūnas2 and Herbert Weissenböck1*
Harl et al. Malar J (2019) 18:305 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2940-6 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access The nuclear 18S ribosomal DNAs of avian haemosporidian parasites Josef Harl1, Tanja Himmel1, Gediminas Valkiūnas2 and Herbert Weissenböck1* Abstract Background: Plasmodium species feature only four to eight nuclear ribosomal units on diferent chromosomes, which are assumed to evolve independently according to a birth-and-death model, in which new variants origi- nate by duplication and others are deleted throughout time. Moreover, distinct ribosomal units were shown to be expressed during diferent developmental stages in the vertebrate and mosquito hosts. Here, the 18S rDNA sequences of 32 species of avian haemosporidian parasites are reported and compared to those of simian and rodent Plasmodium species. Methods: Almost the entire 18S rDNAs of avian haemosporidians belonging to the genera Plasmodium (7), Haemo- proteus (9), and Leucocytozoon (16) were obtained by PCR, molecular cloning, and sequencing ten clones each. Phy- logenetic trees were calculated and sequence patterns were analysed and compared to those of simian and rodent malaria species. A section of the mitochondrial CytB was also sequenced. Results: Sequence patterns in most avian Plasmodium species were similar to those in the mammalian parasites with most species featuring two distinct 18S rDNA sequence clusters. Distinct 18S variants were also found in Haemopro- teus tartakovskyi and the three Leucocytozoon species, whereas the other species featured sets of similar haplotypes. The 18S rDNA GC-contents of the Leucocytozoon toddi complex and the subgenus Parahaemoproteus were extremely high with 49.3% and 44.9%, respectively. -
P. Falciparum, Replicates Within a Membrane-Bound Intraerythrocytic Parasitophorous Vacuole (PV)
Homing in on getting out: Characterisation of SERA6, a putative malarial protease with a role in egress Andrea Ruecker March 2012 MRC National Institute for Medical Research Division of Parasitology Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA Division of Infection and Immunity University College London This thesis is submitted to University College London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration Declaration I, Andrea Ruecker, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Andrea Ruecker 2 Abstract Abstract The human malaria parasite, P. falciparum, replicates within a membrane-bound intraerythrocytic parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The resulting daughter merozoites actively escape from the host cell in a process called egress. There is convincing evidence that proteases are key players in this step. These proteases could serve as excellent targets for the development of new antimalarial drugs. P. falciparum Serine Repeat Antigens (SERAs) form a family of 9 proteins all containing a central papain- like domain that identifies them as putative cysteine proteases. They are highly conserved throughout all Plasmodium species, and there is strong genetic evidence that they may play a role in egress. P. falciparum SERA6 is one of the most highly- expressed SERAs in asexual erythrocyte stages. In this study biochemical fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence analysis were used to confirm localisation of SERA6 to the PV. It was shown that SERA6 is a substrate for PfSUB1, a subtilisin-like protease which is crucial for egress and which is released into the PV just prior to egress. -
A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY of MALARIAL PARASITES RECOVERED from CYTOCHROME B GENE SEQUENCES
J. Parasitol., 88(5), 2002, pp. 972±978 q American Society of Parasitologists 2002 A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF MALARIAL PARASITES RECOVERED FROM CYTOCHROME b GENE SEQUENCES Susan L. Perkins* and Jos. J. Schall Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A phylogeny of haemosporidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa, family Plasmodiidae) was recovered using mito- chondrial cytochrome b gene sequences from 52 species in 4 genera (Plasmodium, Hepatocystis, Haemoproteus, and Leucocy- tozoon), including parasite species infecting mammals, birds, and reptiles from over a wide geographic range. Leucocytozoon species emerged as an appropriate out-group for the other malarial parasites. Both parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses produced similar phylogenetic trees. Life-history traits and parasite morphology, traditionally used as taxonomic characters, are largely phylogenetically uninformative. The Plasmodium and Hepatocystis species of mammalian hosts form 1 well-supported clade, and the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus species of birds and lizards form a second. Within this second clade, the relation- ships between taxa are more complex. Although jackknife support is weak, the Plasmodium of birds may form 1 clade and the Haemoproteus of birds another clade, but the parasites of lizards fall into several clusters, suggesting a more ancient and complex evolutionary history. The parasites currently placed within the genus Haemoproteus may not be monophyletic. Plasmodium falciparum of humans was not derived from an avian malarial ancestor and, except for its close sister species, P. reichenowi,is only distantly related to haemospordian parasites of all other mammals. Plasmodium is paraphyletic with respect to 2 other genera of malarial parasites, Haemoproteus and Hepatocystis.