rdae i Nrig rm (UFT) from Nursing in [email protected] Graduated Xavier Eufrasio Klecius (UFT). from Nursing [email protected] in Graduated Eduardo Romprê TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA CULTURA INDÍGENA: y su influencia en la salud ante la pandemia de COVID 19 TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA CULTURA INDÍGENA: e sua influência na saúde diante da pandemia health in the face of the COVID pandemic 19 on influence its and CULTURE: INDIGENOUS OF TRANSFORMATION tenure, some indigenous society land and of freedom tolive its uniqueness to interaction (BRASIL, 2014). access the as: of such result elements the fundamental be may This beliefs. and traditions customs, economic(BRITO, of 2019). society growth the to linked processes environmental and cultural social, historical, the I TO. Palmas, [email protected] / UFT at Teaching Health and Science SP).Professor inundergraduate Nursing Masterand in Claro, Rio / (UNESP from Biological Sciences in PhD AnaKleiber PessoaBorges [email protected] for Center the Higher and (FAPAL) of do Faculty the Palmas at Professor (USP). Science of Master Yusely CapoteSanches Goiás) Health and Sciences Environmental in Master Adriane FeitosaValadares ntroduction .

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Pandemic; COVID 19. KEYWORDS parasitic, them: pneumonia,flu), STI / AIDS amongand COVID 19. exist pulmonary infectiousdiseases (tuberculosis, not did then untildiseases emergenceof the Thus, intensethetocontact duewhitewith men. indigenous influ that health and cultural of noted lot a sufferpeoples was it analyzed, studies the From criteria.inclusion the met that selected were articles 13 19 ”. pandemic COVID ”AND“ ”AND“ population health indigenous in “culture descriptors: the using website, (VHL) Library A Health Virtual pandemic. 19 COVID bibliographic the survey wascarried theouton of in face health on the influence its and indigenous population the of transformation cultural the of influence the literature scientific the The objective ofthis study was toanalyze in ABSTRACT Publi Accepted Received Norte, 77001090 11A. Sala 1, BALA Mailing shed ences from the surrounding society, society, surrounding the from ences address : :

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diseases arising from the change in traditional habits in all regions. These data reflect a reflect data These regions. all in habits traditional in change the from arising diseases N being (BRITO,19 2019). COVID and STI dysentery, chickenpox, cough, whooping malaria, diseases, respiratory rel in mainly them, hypertensionindigenoussuchpeople, byas , diabetes. and date to unknown diseases to rise gave activities, physical and rituals few urbanization, non of search in populations indigenous on focusing Health of History the of analysis Brazilianpolicy. healthof creationindigenousthedemography and deficiencies, epidemics,initiatives,culturalhealthcareofspecificities,andthemes social nutritional re of set This 1999). VERANI, 2004; LANGDON, SANTOS; AL, 2019; ET PONTES 2014; GARNELO, 2003; AL, ET GARNELO 2013; COIMBRA, 2012; al, et SocialSciences(BRITO,CARDOSO2019;offield systematictheand surveysstudiesin in peoples . indigenous the also reaching epidemics of history recent the in historicalimpact and cultural political, economic, social, unprecedented of also but scale, biomedical a of only not impacts produced food and weakness physical stress, or(BRASIL, 2014). seasons temperature, rain, from originate environment to related factors The soul. the mixedcauses suffering causedisbybreaking taboos, spiritual possessions alteringand In natural. and mixed groups: two into culturally disease of causes the classify people sufferi of life a representing and beliefs religious indigenoushealth (BRASIL,2014). in role expressive an play to begins diseases, parasitic and chronic in to due illness, people, which indigenous Brazilian of profile epidemiological and cultural the in change - nieos iaeut fo, neto o idsraie fos alcoho foods, industrialized of insertion food, inadequate indigenous, suy novn 13 ilgs f ifrn ehiiis n h fu macroregions four the in ethnicities different of villages 113 involving study A among behavior health the changed has men white with contact indigenous The AccordingOliveira(2011)toalchangeset the cultural the inprofile, contactwith In times of Covid of times In health indigenous years few past the Over Covid The with relationship a as explained is peoples these among diseases of origin The

orth, Midwest, Northeast and South/Southeast in Brazil revealed high rates of rates high revealed Brazil in South/Southeast and Northeast Midwest, orth,

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how this processthis evolutionaryhow hasassisted been agencies.by health the of transformation cultural the of influence conditions health intheindigenous villages. more with the with sector, this in investment even However, people. indigenous theat aimed greater actionsand assistance in professionals with notoriety, greater gained has social and academic commitment to the indigenousour peoplesand of empathy Brazil. our knowledge, our expand to contribute that elements procedural Figure 1 2012,article1 in 2013 a 2020: article1 2004,in article1 in 2009, 4 articles in2010, articles3 2004in 2011, between2 articles publishedin were articles 13 The 1). (Figure data sample the up made Portuguese, in written were 13 it, Results and Discussion Portuguese the in written language and 2020 May and 2004 May between published papers cr inclusion the fit which Those read. and selected were abstracts paper’s The HealthSciences Descriptors (DECS). AND culture” to obtain journals concerning the ongoing discussion. (L LILACS Scholar), CaribbeanLiterature (Google HealthinSciences) andSciELO (Scientific Eletronic Scholar Library Online) Google databases online Methodology the literature scientific the in analyze to aimed research this above, the Given Acco ofavailablefullywere online.Out73 only and articlesfoundwere 209 of total A theme. the to shown have they linkage the of because chosen were articles The “health used: were descriptors following the publications, of selection the For the using review literature integrative an on based out carried was research A

Processof inclusionof selectedarticles in the review advances, the policies directed to this population has perceived still precarious precarious still perceived has population this to directed policies the advances, – rding to Silva et al. (2010) currently the health of indigenous people in Brazil Brazil inpeople indigenous healthof currently the (2010) al. etSilva to rding

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language. In face of this requirement, we noticed that there are more publicationsin more are there thatnoticed requirement,we this of face Inlanguage. that inwritten were they becausestudy this of part be to includednot werestudies 1 Table this research. their methodological approach in order to better correlate with the 2020. to 2004 from recent are health on influence its and also is It Portuguese. in than English 2013 2 2020 1 Year - -

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n. 2, p. 293 22, v. Enferm, Contexto among women. birth giving L. gestatingandProcessof Career .; D Serafim, .; C R. Faustino, .; F S. H. .; M L. Orlandi, .; C A. Borghi, C. A. Moliterno, colonialism. persistent of expression an as mining and mining of economy predatory and authoritarianism COVID to peoples of indigenous vulnerability The S. F. M. Porto, .; F D. Rocha, Data of the articles included in the study the in included articles of the Data al 1 Table

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2012 4 2012 3 - -

98 p. 1, n. 32, v.Profession Social Professionals of and SciencePsychology: Health F. Representations R. Indians: J. in Alcoholism Melo, C. R. Oliveira, .; C S. Maciel, 16, 81 p. n. 1, v. potiguara population. indigenous the of illness and health Ver. F. R. J. Melo, .; C S. Maciel, .; O .; C C. R.Oliveira, - 111, 2012. 111, Life situation, situation, Life Min. Nurse; Nurse; Min.

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2011 6 2011 5 - -

eit d Saúde p. 319 1, n. 21, de Physis v. Coletiva, Revista the indigenous community. in Potiguara use of Implications alcohol O. A. Silva, .; C C. R. Oliveira, .; C S. Maciel, .; F R. J. Melo, 2011. 2327 p. 12, n. Brazil. 27 v. Health. Public Cad. Sul, Mato do of of Grosso State the in mortality populations indigenous and aspects Demographic T. K. R. Souza, .; T Matsuo, Ferreira, - 333, 2011.

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2339, 2339, pcfct o ti ethnic group. this of regional specificity and cultural the the to due Paraíba, of State the in community in Potiguara consumption Investi total in the population ofthe state. by Sul presented pattern the to do comparison Grosso Mato of State the of lands indigenous the the populations in residing indigenous of analyze pattern and aspects demographic To

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2010 9 2010 8 2011 7 - - -

oeia v 2, n. 20,p.1377 v. Saúde Coletiva, de Rev. Physis Santo. Espírito Aracruz, of Mbyá Guarani Culture, the for carehealth in paths (dis) A. health the and interculturality L. Vacancies H.C.; L. Pellon, 2010. 579 p. 3. n. 26. vol. 1970 2007. Brazil, MatoGrosso, Kayabí Park, Indigenous Xingu the the of experience The Brazil: indigenousof inpeoples H. revolution demographic Pagliaro, 329 p. 2, national n. v.19, bioét, Rev. the indigenoushealthpolicy. reflections clinical from an G. bioethics: for F. interethnic C. Challenges Lorenzo - 342, 2011.

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2009 12 2010 11 2010 10 - - -

p. 1493 7, n. 25, v. Pública, Saúde Paraná,Brazil,2008. Fax women, Indígena Terra Kaingáng O. risk in cancer breast J. for of factors M. Exploitation .; B D. Toledo, M. Carvalho, .; M S. Pelloso, .; P E. Silva, n. 1, p. 1449 15, V. Coletiva, Saúde e perspectives. and processes partnerships, Xingu: Lower and Middle the in modelcare health C. oral The M. W. Júnior, A. .; F S. S. Mestriner, .; R Nunes Arantes, .; B Lem p. 1399 4, n. 20, Saúde v. Coletiva, de Rev. Cuiabá Physis Sanitary of Special District the Indigenous in Base Rond the 1399 healthcare levelsat the articulation between (dis) The .; A. G. W. Costa, .; C.V M. D Weiss, .; C M. Misoczky, K. Vacancies, os, P. N .; Hirooka, L. L. Hirooka, .; N P. os, - 1418, 2010. 1418, - 1500, 2009. 1500, npls Polo onópolis - 1456, 2010. 1456,

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socio ofprocessabout the elements namely: mortality, and Articles01 (2020), 01 morbidity(2011), 02 (2010), 03 ( indigenous on relevant considered information morbi Indigenous the on Based alcoholism”. theoretical “Indigenous framework described and above, each category was Policy” analyzed and follows below Health cultural and morbi Indigenous “Indigenous identified: were 2020. Author, Source: 2004 13 -

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oftheirterritories. society, that is, of tutored citizens who do not have the prerogative to decide the future the pr by deepened be should COVID which of and pandemic Brazil, in shape taking already was that crisis economic acute of scenario a in jobs of generation necessary the promoting of underdonebeenminingand has miningpeoples.defense ofThethese Covid the how And lands. their over mining and mining of advancement the of context the in especially rights, health and environmental cultural, threa and realitysocial the of knowledge enabled study This Brazil. in indigeno by (DO) Certificate Death continuesrate higher than nationalpopularity. mortality the care, health indigenous in advances with even malnutrition, infec or diseases from whether age, of years 5 under children affected deaths of majority sex, especially in children. cau main the of of death the emphasize and children”.newborn tuberculosis, and infections respiratory epidemics, flu high to due deaths of number large a caused which contact, by caused were mortality of causes main other (2011) i economic and social change, anhave environmental on health.impacttheir inactivity, food, , physical profile cultural employability, the in urbanization, changes quote: to death, indigenous consequently of and health peoples the in interfere that factors several are there (2011), Oliveira oflittlerelevance. is it although disorder, mental diabetes, hypertension, as such emerged, have diseases ha population. national the to compared rate mortality the by evidenced are conditions health unfavorable and evailing during much of the history of the relationship of these peoples with Brazilianwith peoplestheseof relationship thehistoryof theof duringmuch evailing e en nw a ifciu ad aaii cue. urnl, te pathological other Currently, causes. parasitic and infectious as known been ve Accordingarticleto 5 (2011), themortality profile indigenousof peoples Brazilin h faiiy f eibe aa n nat otlt, h lc o cmlto o the of completion of lack the mortality, infant on data reliable of fragility The vast the (2011), 5 article with corroborates which (2010), 9 article to According (2004),respiratoryoneparasiticdiseasesbeen andhave 13 and (2011) 5 Articles Ferreira by study a with corroborate (2004), 13 and (2010) 8 (2011), 5 Articles corroborate that (2009) 12 and (2004) 13 (2011), 6 articles in Still ses of health among indigenous people, affecting all age groups andgroups age affectingindigenousallamongpeople,health of ses

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accident), followed by the respiratory system, circulatory system, NCDs , parasitic parasitic , NCDs system, circulatory system, inf respiratory the by followed accident), highlighted:(2009)were causes(alcoholism,12 (2004) externalviolence,and 13 (2011), males. indigenouscommunities affecting, children andadolescents aged> 15years, mainly in amongincidencehigh very a beenhas tuberculosis,there andrespiratorysystem the degre of speech the to due rate mortality the . 2008) (PÍCOLI, control in for actions increase an trigger may and solution a group. ethnic healththe ofindigenous peoples, considering differencesthe culturalin values ass the integralityin guaranteesandaccessuniversal that specific model health a creating of objective the with entities and peoples, national several of participation Co the with articulated, National was Indigenous the I of Health the the of ofProtection creation the peoples, indigenous to related health. va intermittence, Western and inequality rights for by struggle of the advanced has People culture". their and character marked peoples, of culturally imposition was the Brazil and in disarticulation health indigenous to attention The indigenouspopulation and, consequently, an increased mortality rate. non for 1.6 and indigenous for 3.5% of growth population (2009), 12 and (2010) 11 articles In provided. consequencethe of this, and thepopulation growth,mortality showing anexceed improvement peoples inassis indigenous of rates birth and fertility the (2009), 12 and mortality profile among people from 1990 thechange greatin a thenwas1970s, therethe in indigenoushigh mortalitywas that ectious diseases. ectious

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ass f otlt i cide udr ie er ol years five exampleanethnicXavante peoples, in groupthe (FERREIRA,2011). under children in mortality of main causes the of one diarrhea, as such diseases infectious parasitic to due illness the favor , as well and as attendance improvement at sanitary supply, water as such needs, indigenous and health the for through FUNASA. focusedcreated,wasexclusivelysubsystem health n among childbirth and pregnancy to related women of conception the in change pregnancyParanáonofchildbirthstateand the amongKaingang women,a was there anddiversitcare cultural respecting quality provideto nurses, including professionals, for guide a as Leininger Madelaine of Theory the and PNASI the thus professionals, health by indigenous the to provided assistance unpreparedness an the report out carriedstudies Some differences. cultural these to attention special deserving environments, hospital in workingprofessionals of preparation the requiresnetworks complex highly in health PNASIguidelines by indigenoushealth professionals. non the and care health of levels the in disarticulation the to addition re they studies, managers,localdistrict andprofessionals, councils. health people, indigenous with together prepared are plans action the that necessary management DSEI the for George, by cited Leininger Madelaine of 2010). 11, article ( demands care complexity high with POLO and Indígena) Unit ao (Administrative Apoio BASE de (Casa CASAI Brazil, in populations indigenous for devaluinginaddition peoples, culturalto their knowledge. of protection promotion, for aspects fundamental the neglect influences s h atce (0 n 1, 00 cnldd ht oiia, cnmc n social and economic political, that concluded 2010) 11, and (10 articles the As Brazil of communities indigenous the among conditions health precarious The projects specific of elaboration the of fulfillment the guideline a as has DSEI The DSEIindigenouspeoples, ofthehealth improve the to orderin (2010) 11 Article According to Moliterno (2013) the study carried out with indigenous peoples in peoplesindigenouswith outcarried study the (2013)Moliterno to According Accordingtoastudy ofarticles 2(2013) and 7 their in (2001) Athias with corroborates which (2010), 11 article to According Accordingarticlesto 11(2010), (2013) 2 (2011) andcorroborate7that theorythe principles SUS with accordance in assistance comprehensive provide to order In port fragility in the health management of indigenous peoples, in in peoples, indigenous of management health the in fragility port

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2013)”. “There [in the hospital] we just lie there waiting for the time to be born. And And born. be to time the ”. for 2013) 8, waiting there (article it lie do just can't we you hospital] down, the lying [in when “There 2013)”. below: frustration.becomesthenwoman,indigenous theby position the tochoose theright and professionals by violated the being up ends birth, for ther choose, position you of choice new the brought doctorthe in is sowants, she position thedecide has not example, dosometimeswomen indigenous design for women, in these change to this consequences But people. indigenous of generations Brazil. of South and Southeast Midwest, Northeast, the between are index consumption of (2011) 6 (2012), 3 use articles indigenous by abusive beverages alcoholic the to related problems to rise gave this process, pacification the and society surrounding the from arising diseases change, cultural urbanization, invasion, the of urbanization and same cities articles 4 (2012) the and 6 (2011). with villages the of approximation the to addition changing been has process this Nowadays celebration. and rituals religious out carry to culture (2012). 4 and (2011) 6 (2012), 4 article introduct the by threatened customs their and populationsofpartthese alarge lossesofthe riseto whichindigenousgaveculture, of pacificationfrom the light tocame process This Brazil. inculture andindigenous health alcoholism Indigenous (2011).7 (2013), 2 articleculture andthat of family group , the individual forconsequences bring ass ”. healthLeininger'sprofessionalissue,workingTheory,thebeenthis onhas which must 2013) 8, (article pushing than ist the patient according to their cultural reality and not impose decisions that will will that decisions impose not and reality cultural their to according patient the ist [ts a] eas i te hospital the in because bad] “[It's Articles 3(2012), 6 (2011) and 4 (2012) reveal theregions with thehighest alcohol c colonization, since came that events these of face the In ofthe part used as hasbeen drinkindigenousalwayspeoples,regard the to With public main the of one been has Alcoholism corroborates that Health Indigenous for Policy National the facts, these of view In

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indigenouspeople. among alcoholism to related treatment health or prevention promotion, care. health (2012), 3 articles in stated as indigenouspeople,among alcoholism of problem this for provided mortality, indigenous rituals, surrounding few society the and invasion by of their territories culture articles to 3 (2012), peoples, 6 (2011) disrespect and 4 (2012). devaluation, care, health the in precariousness of disorganization economic and social disorders, mental AIDS, / STI diseases, NCD as such problems health culture, influenc approvedassistanceplans these build by and them culturaltheirwith reality. parasitic infections, transmissibility, respiratory ofinfections, STI content higher a with diseases for necessary is planning surroundingstrategicsociety,theinteractionwith of degree high the Withstudy. this difficulties. and problems an their put they realities, where Conferences, Health National the and is this of culture example their with living accordance in better be will peoples achieve the of to health the barriers against fight the pu tireless the happening, are conquests The conditions. in partners great been have importantfornewgenerations of indigenous people, women, children, elderly,the and Final considerations these of inBrazil. needs peoples health real the of clarification and knowledge for culture and health emergencethe diseases,newof suggesteditis new surveythata outlining indigenous Since the indigenous cultural change has been changing their health profile a profile health their changing been has change cultural indigenous the Since assistance the to comes it when research this corroborate studies Several or weakening the by evaluated are interaction this of consequences The its and culture: indigenous of transformation the on needed are studies More to community indigenous the of participation the process this in important is It in place take must actions health Basic c to peoples indigenous of struggle The e onpandemicinhealthe theface theCOVID of 19 6 (2011) and 4 (2012), which affirm the lack of programs or actions aimed at at aimed actions or programs of lack the affirm which (2012), 4 and (2011) 6

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BRITO, C. A. G. Coexistence and contamination: a socio a contamination: and Coexistence G. A. C. BRITO, Epidemiolo V. R. .; SANTOS, L A. ESCOBAR, .; A. C E. C. JUNIOR, .; C P. BASTA, Saúde da Portal BRAZIL, ATHIAS, R.; MACHADO,M. Indigenous health in theprocess of implantingHealth References GARNELO, L. SUS and indigenous health: political and institutional matrices of the GARNELO, L .; PONTES, A. L. (org.). GARNELO, GUIMARÃES, L. A. M .; GRUBITS, S. Alcoholism and Violence in Indigenous Ethnicities: a FERREIRA, M. E. V .; MATSUO, T .; SOUZA, R. K. T. Demographic aspects and mortality of COIMBRA, C. E. A .; SANTOS, R. V .; ESCOBAR A. L. Epidemiology and Health of CARDOSO, A. M. et al. 37,n. 4, p.338 population, indigenous Suruí the in tuberculosis of aspects Accessedon: 19fev. 2014.

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aaiáis ploa (tuber infecciosas pulmonar doenças eles: parasitárias, entre existia issoosurgimento Com de doenças branco. até então homem não com pelo intenso envolvente, contato sociedade da saúde de que indígenassofremmuita influencia artigos cultural e dosestudos analisado 13 partir A inclusão. de critérios os atenderam selecionados “população AND Foram 19”. COVID saúde” de “pandemia descritores: AND indígena” em os utilizando “cultura (BVS), saúde em virtual Biblioteca site no bibliográfico sua levantamento um realizado e Foi 19. COVID indígena população transformação pandemiadediantesaúdedainfluência na da da influência cultural a literatura científica na analisar foi desta objetivo O RESUMO Pandemia, COVID 19. PALAVRAS pneumonia,gripe), IST/AIDS eCOVID 19 :

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