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Theme Reference Guide to the LIST

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Theme Reference Guide for The LIST (BETA version, 5.26.19) Introduction An analysis of the more than 850 items in The LIST reveals the following general themes/sections (in no particular order): th th 1. 9 /​ 10 ​ of Av ​ th​ a) 9 ​ of Av ​ th b) 10 ​ of Av ​ th th c) Combined 9 /​ 10 ​ of Av ​ ​ 2. Antisemitic writings a) Replacement Theology i. THE SEEDS ii. THE FRUIT b) General 3. Blame, accusations and humiliations a) General blame and accusations b) Host desecration accusations c) Blood libel accusations d) Ritual Murder accusations e) Humiliations 4. Pogroms 5. Expulsions 6. Papal bulls 7. Church canons 8. Inquisitions and auto-da-fés ​ 9. Other (miscellaneous) notable events Giving Thanks a) Papal bulls b) Miscellaneous Below these headings area variety of examples listed as suggestions for prayers of repentance. Some of these entries contain a brief description of the event. For more information and full details of each entry, please refer to The LIST itself. Of the many examples that could be chosen, preference was given to the more well-known/infamous examples, which often set precedents for succeeding atrocities. Examples from different nations were also chosen (highlighted in bold) to provide a representative cross-section nationalsampling for ​ ​ ​ ​ individuals/groups who may wish to focus on prayer for their own (or a specific) nation. As we are praying prayers of repentance for the sins of our Church forefathers specifically on the 9th of Av, ​ it is suggested that the prayer repentance session begin with one of the entries mentioned in the first th th th th section:9 /​ 10 of Av, which contains all the 9 /​ 10 of Av dates having direct Christian/Christian nation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ involvement. It is also suggested that the prayer session conclude with a short time spent in thanksgiving, as some of our history includes some positive things our Church forefathers did that benefited Jews. The Giving ​ Thanks section contains a number of suggestions, and is divided intotwo parts: ​ Part a) Papal bulls: lists a number of papal bulls that were issued that benefited Jews, and which undid some of the previous papal bulls mentioned in that section. Part b) Miscellaneous: lists a number of miscellaneous events that benefited Jews. It is highly recommended that leaders (or individuals) make themselves familiar with the themes in this document several days ahead of the 9th of Av, in order to get an overview of its contents. But while these ​ themes and suggestions have been prepared to aid individuals and leaders in deciding what to pray for, they remain only suggestions. The most important thing,and overriding factor,is to let the Holy ​ Spirit be your Guide, and to seek the Lord in prayer to see where He would have your focus be. We trust that this document will give you the information you need in order to seek the Lord for His direction on what to pray for, and repent of, and we thank you for joining us in prayer for the Nations’ 9th ​ of Av. Amen. th th 1) 9 /10​ of​ Av ​ ​ While there are many tragic events that occurred on both these days, the following events were either perpetrated by our Church forefathers directly, or were perpetrated by Christian nations. th a) 9 ​ of Av ​ 1096: Pope Urban II declared the start of the First Crusade, in which 10,000 Jews were killed in the first month of the Crusade. 1290: Jews expelled from England. ​ ​ 1492: Jews expelled from Spain. ​ ​ 1555: Pope Paul IV issued a papal bull confining Jews into a walled ghetto in Rome, Italy. ​ ​ 1648: Cossacks from Poland/Lithuania massacred thousands of East European Jews. ​ ​ 1941: Himmler received approval from the Nazi Party in Germany for the “Final Solution” of ​ ​ the Jews. 1942: Treblinka extermination camp in Poland became operational in which more Jews were ​ ​ killed than at any other concentration camp apart from Auschwitz. th b) 10 ​ of Av ​ 1306: Jews expelled from France. ​ 1905: England passed the Aliens Act, which had grave implications for European Jewry seeking ​ ​ sanctuary during the Holocaust. th th c) Combined 9 /​ 10 o​ f Av ​ ​ 2005: Under the urging of President Bush, United States, 8,600 Jews were forcibly removed ​ ​ from their homes in the Gaza Strip, which was given to the Palestinians. 2) Antisemitic writings The list of antisemitic writings from our Church history is unfortunately prolific. The following list is a sampling of some of the most egregious writings, many with sample texts in The LIST itself. Although divided into two sections, Replacement Theology-thinking has permeated our entire history, and underpinned much of our later antisemitic writings in general (section b). a) Replacement Theology i. THE SEEDS c. 155-60: Justin Martyr writes “Dialogue with Trypho” (a Jew) which seeks to prove to ​ Trypho that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah. c. 180 Irenaeus’ book “Against Heresies” makes it clear that Jews have been disinherited ​ from the love of God, sowing the seeds of Replacement Theology. c. 200 Tertullian writes “Against the Jews”, a treatise inspired by an argument between a ​ Christian and Jewish convert, which reveals that Christians would overcome the Jews, who would serve Christians. 220-230 Origen writes “On the First Principles” where he allegorised scripture, allowing him to claim that the word Israel in the Bible could mean the Church. 249 St. Cyprian writes “Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews”, whose allegorical arguments imply that Christians have inherited the birthright that the Jews have forfeited. 426 St. Augustine publishes “The City of God”, which, through the allegorical method of interpreting scripture, develops the idea that the Church is the kingdom of God, thus popularising Replacement Theology. ii. THE FRUIT 1543: Martin Luther’s “On the Jews and Their Lies”, which outlined seven actions in response to the question “What shall we Christians do with this rejected and condemned people, the Jews”. 1621: The pilgrims celebrated their first harvest at Plymouth, Massachusetts. They modeled themselves after the Jews, who they believed had been rejected by God and needed to embrace Jesus as the Messiah in order to re-enter the covenant, and believed their journey to America was a reenactment of the biblical Exodus. 1933-45: The Holocaust: the number of Jews: 6 million (first entry): Hitler and the Nazis ​ ​ ​ ​ used as moral justification the writings of Martin Luther (Protestant) and Chrysostom (Catholic), and 1,500 years of historical Catholic actions against the Jews. b) General th 4 ​ Century (first entry): Summary of the history of the Jews. ​ ​ ​ 306-73: St. Ephrem the Syrian wrote many hymns with maligning references to the Jews. 374: St. Ambrose, one of the four original Doctors of the Church, who preached against the Jews. 386-87: St Chrysostom wrote eight homilies (in separate entries): “Against the Jews”. ​ ​ 395-430: St. Augustine of Hippo wrote that the Jews are a sort ever-living “negative example” for Christians to learn from. 429-40: St. Augustine’s “Treatise Against the Jews”. c. 827: Agobard of Lyon: several entries with samples of his antisemitic writings. ​ 1090-1153: Bernard of Clairvaux: antisemitic sermons and letters. c. 1173: Thomas of Monmouth, who claimed there was an annual international council of Jews ​ where they chose the country in which a child would be killed during Easter. 1271: Thomas Aquinas wrote “Letter on the Treatment of the Jews”, which deals with how a ruler should deal with Jews during the 1200s. His words set the stage for later claims of ritual murder, host desecration, and well poisoning. 1387: Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, which includes the verses in The Prioress’s Tale, related to various blood libel stories common at the time. 1451-53: John of Capistrano, known as the “Scourge of the Hebrews” for his antisemitic messages, which inspired violence, pogroms and expulsions (see expulsion, 1453, in The ​ LIST). 1508: Ulrich Zasius’ treatise “The Problems of Baptising Jewish Children” was later used to justify kidnappings and forced baptism of Jewish children. Martin Luther: 1514: letter to Reverend Spalatin in which his antisemitism was already apparent. 1538: treatise “Against the Sabbatarians”. 1543: treatise “On the Jews and Their Lies”. 1543: the book “Von SchemHamphoras”, argued that the Jews were no longer the “Chosen People”, but the “devil’s people”. 1546: Luther preached four sermons where he advocated that the authorities which could expel the Jews, should do so if they didn’t convert to Christianity. John Knox: 1547, 1558, 1560: antisemitic writings from the leader of the Reformation in Scotland. 1868: Herman Goedsche, whose fictional “Rabbi’s Speech” was frequently quoted as authentic and invoked as proof of the authenticity of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (see 1905 ​ below). ​ 1874-90: Adolf Stoecker, known as the “second Luther”, who argued in one of his pamphlets that the contradiction between the Jews and the Aryans could only be settled with the extermination of one of them. 1880: Heinrich von Treitschke published “A Word About our Jews”, which contained the phrase “The Jews are our Misfortune”, adopted as a motto by the Nazi publication Der Stürmer. 1880-81: Antisemites’ Petition launched in Germany to rally public awareness of the “Jewish problem.” 1883: Theodor Fritsch wrote The Racists’ Decalogue. 1905, 1920: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion was published, purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination. Henry Ford sponsored the printing of 500,000 copies in 1920. 3) Blame, accusations, and humiliations a) General blame and accusations 1020: An earthquake and hurricane struck Rome, Italy on Good Friday, which was seen as ​ ​ divine punishment. Pope Benedict VIII was persuaded that the cause of divine anger was that the Jews had insulted the host while Christians were paying their adoration to the Cross.
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