DOCSLIB.ORG

Range Management for Upland Game- Birds

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Range Management for Upland Game- Birds Rangelands3(4), August 1981 163 food and cover plantings, exclosures,grazing systems, and release of gamebirds into unoccupied areas. I will discuss how these various practices affect upland gamebird enhancement. Range A subject of much controversy is the impact of livestock Management grazing on gamebirds and other wildlife. Overgrazing and the subsequent changes in vegetation have beenvery detri- for Upland Game- mental to gamebird speciessuch as sagegrouse, sharptailed grouse, prairie chickens, and harlequin quail, which are birds associated with rangeland in good condition. The chukar partridge, scaled quail, Gambel's quail, valley quail, and mourning dove benefit from early vegetation successional stages. Most of the various upland gamebird species Jerry L. Holechek respond favorably to light or moderate grazing because it promotes habitat diversity yet still leaves adequatecover for concealment from predators. The turkeys, pheasants, grouse, and similar species depend heavilyon shrubs, forbs, annual grasses, and insects for food and perennial grasses A 1970 national survey made by the federal government for cover. Properlygrazed rangesprovide this mix of require- indicates more than 15 million Americans hunt big game, ments better than those left ung razed or heavily grazed for small game, or waterfowl. Over 10 million hunt uplandgame- long periods of time. Light to moderatecattle grazing is more birds. It was estimatedthat uplandgamebird hunters spenda beneficial to upland gamebirds than sheep grazing because billion dollars annually on their sport and harvest60 million sheep have a strong preference for forbs. pounds of fresh meat. It is difficult to quantify the value of upland gamebirds to nonconsumptive users. Based on the same survey there are about 30 million people who enjoy upland gamebirds from an aesthetic standpoint. Upland gamebirds are a valuable resource to the American public. In the past 20 years, cleaner and more intensive farming practices and industrial, urban, and recreational develop- ment have reduced the habitat availablefor both gameand nongame wildlife species. Opportunity for a successful big game hunt has been reduced by loss ofbig gamehabitat and more hunters. Ranchers in many states,such as Texas, Cali- fornia, South Dakota, Oregon, Colorado, and Washington, have found they can substantially increase their gross income by selling hunting privileges on their ranch land. Initially, fee hunting was primarily for big game animals. In the last 10 years,hunters willing to pay for gamebird hunting Lesser Prairie Chicken have increased.Quail hunting leases in Texasvary from$600 Chukar Partridge to $3,000 per season. Day hunting for quail and doves in Livestock water have been beneficial Texas varies from In developments quite $10 to $30 per day. Oregon, pheasant to upland gamebirds in the WesternUnited States. Guzzlers- and leases from dollars quail hunting vary $300 to $1 ,000 per water traps—used in California, Arizona, Oregon, Utah, hunter per season. Prices that hunters will pay for hunting Idaho and Washington—have benefited quail and other are in the West because demand exceeds rapidly rising gamebirds. Water developmentsare effective when distan- supply. Reducedopportunity to hunt big game has resulted ces between water points are greater than 2 miles. in much more interest in small game. At the same time fee Prescribed burning can be used to benefit upland game- hunting and reduced access to private lands have caused birds in two ways. These include change of vegetationcom- increased use of public lands. Recent data from various position and reduction in excessive vegetation western states show that the number of hunterswho pursue accumulations. The first use of fire as a managementtool upland gamebirds is increasing and the number of big game was conducted in thesoutheastern United Statesby Herbert hunters has stabilized or declined. Stoddard in the 1920's for bobwhite quail habitat improve- The futurefor upland gamebird hunting is much brighter ment. The purpose was to reduce brush and retard plant than for big game hunting. Most gamebirdspecies have high succession so a grassy understory would be maintained in annual reproduction rates, requiresmall areas, and respond the southern pine forests. Fire has since been used effec- rapidly to habitat improvement.This is particularly true for tively as a tool to improve habitat for prairie chickens, blue birds such as the chukar partridge, gray partridge, various grouse, sharptailed grouse, ruffed grouse, and sage grouse. species of quails, ruffed grouse, ringneck pheasant, and Rotational of over a 20-year doves. burning sagebrush rangelands mourning Several practices are available to enhance period was recommended by D.A. Klebenow in 1972 as a upland gamebird populations on rangelands that are com- sage grouse managementtool that would restore deterio- patible with otherrange uses. These practices include con- rated and result in a of successionalstages trolled water brush ranges variety grazing, development,burning, control, that are needed by these birds. Sage grouse winter range be to fire because Author is assistantprofessor of range ecology, Departmentof Animal and should not subjected big sagebrush pro- Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces,88003. vides grouse with critical winter food and cover. Fire has 164 Rangelands 3(4), August 1981 shown potential to enhance prairie chicken habitat by pre- with properly applied picloram will greatly improve habitat vention of excessive vegetation accumulations which res- for lesser prairie chickens andforage for livestock.Mountain trict movement.Both controlled and natural fires have been quail, bobwhite quail, Gambel's quail, and wild turkeys are effective in improving ruffed and blue grouse habitat in other upland gamebird species that can be enhanced by coniferous forest areas throughout the West. Controlled properly applied herbicides. burns favor the various species of berry plants and create Food and cover plantings are more beneficial on clean variety in habitat. The chaparral and pinyon-juniper areasof tilled farmlands than rangelands. However, there are some the Southwest can be burned to improve habitat for wild exceptions. In the Northern and Central Great Plains, shrub turkeys if cover stripsare left. For maximumvalue for upland plantings have provided valuable winter food and cover for gamebirds and other wildlife, burns should be conductedso sharptailed grouse, prairie chickens, gray partridges, phea- patches or strips of unburned vegetation remain scattered sants, and bobwhite quail. Valley quail have been quite through the burn. responsiveto tree plantings for roost areas in Oregon and Washington.Shrub and tree plantings madeon small fenced acreages near water where rangeland and farmland adjoin have substantially increasedpheasant populations in many parts of the Northwest. Conifers should be included in cover plantings in northern areas because they maintain their leaves all year and provide better cover during periods of snow. Deciduoustree and shrub speciesthat producefruits should be plantedto complimentthe conifers. Crested,inter- mediate, and tall wheatgrassmake excellent understory for these plantings. They grow tall enough to provide good cover, furnish somefood, and have littletendency to lodge in the winter. Exclosures can be a valuable upland gamebird manage- menttool. They are most effectivewhere cover is theprimary limiting factor. In Oregon, temporary fencing of sections along streams has enhanced habitat for valley quail, phea- sants, ruffed grouse, sage grouse, and several otherwildlife species.After a period of 4 or 5 years, thefence is moved to another location. Thispractice hasallowed shrub and under- establishment which is needed to stabilize Blue arebirds associatedwith coniferous forestedareas in story species grouse stream banks.This also enhancesdesirable fish populations. the northwestern United States. Burned areas effect provide edge Exclosures of 40 to 80 acres at selected locations may be and food for this species. quite beneficial to prairie chickens and sharptailed grouse Brush control has been a subject of considerable contro- since they must have a cover of tall grassesfor protection from the The versy, particularly when wildlifeare considered.Sage grouse predation throughout year. harlequin quail have beenmore affected brush control than lives in chaparral areasof the Southwest and requiresa good probably by any cover the have low other gamebird in North America.They requirea habitatwith protective throughout year.They mobility and are quite sensitive to livestock grazing. Exclosures of 5 big sagebrushthroughout the year. This plant providessage to 10 acres in key areasare very effective in maintaining or grouse with food and cover. Research shows that sage decline when is eradicated in increasing harlequin quail. Bobwhite quail, gray partridges, grouse big sagebrush large that blocks of several hundred acres. areas with and ringneck pheasants are other upland gamebirds Overgrazed are stands of and little are of low benefit from exclosures. When exclosures used, provi- heavy sagebrush understory should be madefor to exces- value to sage control with 2, 4-D applied sion periodic grazing prevent grouse. Sagebrush sive accumulations, which retard over small blocks of 300acres or less inthese areas improves vegetation gamebird movementand cause of David the understory, which benefits sage grouse. Strip spraying stagnation plant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Birds (Aves) of Oromia, Ethiopia – an Annotated Checklist
    European Journal of Taxonomy 306: 1–69 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.306 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Gedeon K. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A32EAE51-9051-458A-81DD-8EA921901CDC The birds (Aves) of Oromia, Ethiopia – an annotated checklist Kai GEDEON 1,*, Chemere ZEWDIE 2 & Till TÖPFER 3 1 Saxon Ornithologists’ Society, P.O. Box 1129, 09331 Hohenstein-Ernstthal, Germany. 2 Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise, P.O. Box 1075, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. 3 Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F46B3F50-41E2-4629-9951-778F69A5BBA2 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F59FEDB3-627A-4D52-A6CB-4F26846C0FC5 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A87BE9B4-8FC6-4E11-8DB4-BDBB3CFBBEAA Abstract. Oromia is the largest National Regional State of Ethiopia. Here we present the first comprehensive checklist of its birds. A total of 804 bird species has been recorded, 601 of them confirmed (443) or assumed (158) to be breeding birds. At least 561 are all-year residents (and 31 more potentially so), at least 73 are Afrotropical migrants and visitors (and 44 more potentially so), and 184 are Palaearctic migrants and visitors (and eight more potentially so). Three species are endemic to Oromia, 18 to Ethiopia and 43 to the Horn of Africa. 170 Oromia bird species are biome restricted: 57 to the Afrotropical Highlands biome, 95 to the Somali-Masai biome, and 18 to the Sudan-Guinea Savanna biome.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collection of Birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto De Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 600:The 155–167 collection (2016) of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação... 155 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.600.7899 DATA PAPER http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal) Miguel Monteiro1,2, Luís Reino1,2,3, Martim Melo1,4, Pedro Beja1,2, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira5, Manuela Ramos7, Diana Rodrigues5, Isabel Queirós Neves5,6, Susana Consciência8, Rui Figueira1,2 1 CIBIO/InBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal 2 CEABN/InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 3 CIBIO/InBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal 4 Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701X, South Africas 5 Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 56, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal 6 CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 7 MARE-FCUL, DOP/UAç - Departamento Oceanografia e Pescas, Univ. Açores, Rua Prof. Dr. Fre- derico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal 8 Estrada de Mem Martins n251 1ºDto, 2725-391 Mem Martins, Sintra, Portugal Corresponding author: Rui Figueira ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Sangster | Received 29 January 2015 | Accepted 2 June 2016 | Published 22 June 2016 http://zoobank.org/68209E54-00D0-4EFA-B095-AB7D346ACD8E Citation: Monteiro M, Reino L, Melo M, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Figueira R (2016) The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal).
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Characteristics of Bird Communities In
    Biogéographie de Madagascar, 1996 :349-362 COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICSOF BlRD COMMUNITIES IN MADAGASCAR Lucienne WILME Missouri Botanical Garden - Madagascar Research andConservation Program, BP 3391, Antananarivo 101, MADAGASCAR ABSTR4CT.- Current knowledge of the taxonomic and geographic composition of Madagascar's resident avifauna is reviewed, with particular emphasis on forest birds. Distribution patterns in the avifauna do not match those of the botanical communities, and especially the domains of floristic endemism in the Eastern Region. The toleranceof the endemic forest avifauna to habitat degradationis proportional to its degree of taxonomic endemism. The21 species belonging tothe two endemic families and the two endemic subfamilies are clearly the most sensitive to forest degradation. The members of thesehigher taxonomic groups could serve as usefulbiological indicators of Madagascar'sforest habitats. KEY W0RDS.- Madagascar, Birds, Endemjsm, Ecological niche, Biological indicator RÉSUMÉ.- Ce travail présente un résumé dela connaissance actuelle dela composition taxinomique et géographique de l'avifaune résidente de Madagascar et plus particulièrement de l'avifaune forestière. Les schémas de distribution de l'avifaune ne se superposent pas à ceux des communautés botaniques et notamment en matière de description des domaines d'endémisme floristiques de la Région Est de Madagascar. En considérantl'avifaune endémique forestière de Madagascar, la tolérance à la dégradation des forêts est proportionnelleau degré d'endémisme taxinomique,
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (North of Mexico), Which Reflects the Taxonomic Studies Published Since That Date
    The Genera and Species of the Mallophaga of North America (North of Mexico). Part I Suborder ISCHNOCERA by K. C. Emerson, PhD DEFENSE PEST MGMT INFO ANALYSIS CTR AFPMB, FOREST GLEN SECTION, WRAMC WASHINGTON, DC 20307-5001 ,PREFACE This volume is essentially a revision of my 1964 publication. Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (north of Mexico), which reflects the taxonomic studies published since that date. Host criteria for the birds has been expanded to include consideration of all species listed in The A. 0. U. Check- list of North American Birds, Fifth Edition (1957)~A few species of birds definitely known to be extinct are omitted for the listings of probable hosts, even though new species may still be found on museum skins. Mammal hosts considered remain those Irecorded in Miller and Kellogg, List of North American Recent Mammals (1955), as being found north of Mexico. If the present volume of taxonomic studies of Mallophaga continues, another revision will be necessary in a few years. Much remains to be done on the taxonomy of several genera and host groups, especially the forms found on the Passeriformes . CONTENTS PHILOPTERIDAE Acidoproctus Acutifrons Anaticola Anatoecus Aquanirmus Ardeicola Brueelia Campanulotes Carduiceps Chelopistes Cirrophthirius Colinicola Coloceras Columbicol.a Craspedonirmus Craspedorrhyncbus Cuclotogaster Cuculicola Cuculoecus Cummingsiella Degeeriella Docophoroides Episbates Esthiopterum Falcolipeurus Fulicoffula Goniocotes Goniodes Haffneria Halipeurus Harrisoniella Ibidoecus Incidifrons Lagopoecus
    [Show full text]
  • The 55 Species of Larger Mammal Known to Be Present in The
    Birds of Lolldaiga Hills Ranch¹ Order and scientific name² Common name² Threat3 Comments Struthionidae Ostrich Struthio camelus Common ostrich LC Both S. c. camelus (LC) and S. c. molybdophanes (Somali ostrich) (VU) present. These considered species by some authorities. Numididae Guineafowl Numida meleagris Helmeted guineafowl LC Acryllium vulturinum Vulturine guineafowl LC Phasianidae Stone partridge, francolins, spurfowl, quails Ptilopachus petrosus Stone partridge LC Francolinus shelleyi Shelley’s francolin LC Francolinus sephaena Crested francolin LC Francolinus squamatus Scaly francolin LC Francolinus hildebrandti Hildebrandt’s francolin LC Francolinus leucoscepus Yellow-necked spurfowl LC Coturnix coturnix Common quail LC Coturnix delegorguei Harlequin quail LC Anatidae Ducks, geese Dendrocygna viduata White-faced whistling duck LC Sarkidiornis melanotos Knob-billed duck LC Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian goose LC Anas strepera Gadwall LC Anas sparsa African black duck LC Anas undulata Yellow-billed duck LC 1 Order and scientific name² Common name² Threat3 Comments Anas clypeata Northern shoveler LC Anas erythrorhyncha Red-billed teal LC Anas acuta Northern pintail LC Anas querquedula Garganey LC Anas crecca Eurasian teal LC Anas hottentota Hottentot teal LC Netta erythrophthalma Southern pochard LC Oxyura maccoa Maccoa duck NT Podicipedidae Grebes Tachybaptus ruficollis20 Little grebe LC Ciconiidae Storks Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed stork LC Anastomus lamelligerus African open-billed stork LC Ciconia nigra Black stork LC Ciconia abdimii
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Physical Characteristics
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Grouse and Quails of North America, by Paul A. Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences May 2008 2 Physical Characteristics Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscigrouse Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "2 Physical Characteristics" (2008). Grouse and Quails of North America, by Paul A. Johnsgard. 4. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscigrouse/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Grouse and Quails of North America, by Paul A. Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Physical dLL of the grouse, quails, and introduced partridges of North America share a number of anatomical traits which provide the basis for their common classification within the order Galliformes. Among these are the facts that they all have fowl-like beaks and four toes. In all the North American species the hind toe is elevated and quite short, thus is ill-adapted for perching. There are always ten primaries, thirteen to twenty-one secondaries, and twelve to twenty-two tail feathers (rectrices). Aftershafts on the contour feathers are well developed, especially in the grouse, and true down feathers are infrequent. A large crop is present, and is associated with the largely granivorous (seed-eating) behavior of most quails, and the more generally herbivorous (leaf-eating) diets of grouse. The egg colors range from pastel or earth tones (buff, cream, olive, etc.) to white, with darker spotting prevalent among those species having nonwhite eggs.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Birds of Boni-Dodori
    CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF BONI - DODORI CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF BONI - DODORI IBA Cover: Red-headed Weaver, Juba race Top right: Yellowbill, migrant from the south Top left: Common Cuckoo, migrant from the north Below: Senegal Plover ALL PHOTOS BY JOHN MUSINA CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF BONI - DODORI IBA CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF BONI - DODORI The Boni-Dodori Forest System The Boni-Dodori forest system is in the easternmost corner of Kenya, bordering Somalia and the Indian Ocean. It comprises Boni and Dodori National Reserves, Boni- Lungi and Boni-Ijara forests (which at the time of publication were understood to have recently been gazetted as Forest Reserves) and the Aweer Community Conservancy, proposed by the indigenous Aweer (Boni) people and the Northern Rangelands Trust. The Boni-Dodori area was designated Kenya’s 63rd Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) by Nature Kenya and BirdLife International in 2014. It forms part of the East African coastal forests biodiversity hotspot, an area known for globally significant levels of species richness and one of Africa’s centers of endemism. At the time of going to press, the area was under the control of the Kenya Defence Forces with restricted movement of the public. It is hoped that security will soon be restored and this remarkable landscape will be open to visitors again. This Checklist will be the first guide for visitors. The Landscape The Boni-Dodori forest system is a vast mosaic of east African coastal forest and thicket, seasonally flooded grassland and palm savanna, scattered wetlands and a strip of Acacia woodland.
    [Show full text]
  • EXTRACTION of COLLAGEN from QUAIL (Coturnix Japonica) FEET: CHARACTERIZATION and DEVELOPMENT of ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS
    EXTRACTION OF COLLAGEN FROM QUAIL (Coturnix japonica) FEET: CHARACTERIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS MAHSA YOUSEFI BORBORI UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2019 EXTRACTION OF COLLAGEN FROM QUAIL (Coturnix japonica) FEET: CHARACTERIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS by MAHSA YOUSEFI BORBORI Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Most of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my main project supervi- sor, Assoc. Prof. Fazilah Ariffin and co-supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Nurul Huda, who had led me into this exciting multidisciplinary research arena of nanobiotechnology, and given me great support and continual patience during my years of academic pursuit in the USM, Malaysia. My deepest gratitude is also extended to Prof. Sudesh Kumar, for his constant encouragement and help in this PhD study. I would like to extend my gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Chee-Yuen Gan for his time and advice in the progress of the research. This project could not complete without having help from the friends and colleagues around me. Last but not least, I would like to thank the laboratory and administrative staff of the School of Industrial Technology, Centre for Advanced Analytical Toxicology Services (CAATS) and School of Biological Sciences for their assistance in all things related to my research. I would like to also extend my thanks to the examiners, for their time in reviewing my thesis. My special gratitude goes to my father Mr. Mohammad Yousefi, my mother Mrs. Fatemeh Iravani and my beloved husband Mr. Afshin Akhshani for their boundless love, support and patience on my extended student life.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting One of North Americas Least Known, Most Underappreciated
    oaks -and- Hunting one of North Americas least known, quail most underappreciated game birds. By E. Donnall Thomas Jr. Photos by Don and Lori Thomas another hour, it might be too hot for the Maggie, my veteran female wirehair, and loaded gun, and if the birds won’t hold until we birds are right there, practically under her Lori into an optimal shooting position, walk dogs to smell, and in that heat, I can’t carry it indicates that she’s on point somewhere get there, I don’t want to shoot them anyway. nose. in ahead of the dogs, and start kicking the enough water to keep them going anyway. above us. My ears tell me she’s a good 200 Mearns quail hunting is all about the dogs— ground. Sprawling from horizon to horizon, the vast yards away and straight uphill, as usual. The always has been, always will be. If experience hadn’t taught me to trust azure space overhead evokes the iconic I was late to accept electronic locator collars slope’s steep pitch and the unstable rocks Maggie, I’m not sure I would believe her. The explosive covey rise makes me flinch Big Sky Lori and I left behind in eastern as a substitute for the bronze cowbells I underfoot ensure it won’t be easy to reach After clawing our way up the slope, we finally Despite the density of the live oak canopy even though I’ve experienced countless Montana a month ago. Friends back home once used to keep track of my pointing dogs her.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT IS a BIRD SPECIES? J. T. Leverich, Cambridge in the April
    WHAT IS A BIRD SPECIES? J. T. Leverich, Cambridge In the April, 1973, edition of The Auk, the A. 0. U. Committee on Classification and nomenclature published a supplement to the Check-list of North American Birds (1957> fifth edition), altering the taxonomic classification and the official name(s) of many birds. In the following 32 cases, only the English common name was changed:' Old common name New English name 1. Fulmar Northern Fulmar 2. Pale-footed Shearwater Flesh-footed Shearwater 3. Slender-billed Shearwater Short-tailed Shearwater 4. Leach's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel 5. Wilson's Petrel Wilson's Storm Petrel and nine other analogous changes within the family Hydrobatidae, 15 . Common Egret Great Egret 16. Wood Ibis Wood Stork 17* American Widgeon American Wigeon 18. European Widgeon European Wigeon 19. Shoveler Northern Shoveler 20. Common Scoter Black Scoter 21. Gray Sea Eagle White-tailed Eagle 22. Pigeon Hawk Merlin 23. Sparrow Hawk American Kestrel 2h. Harlequin Quail Montezuma Quail 25. Up l a n d Plover Inland Sandpiper 26. Knot Red Knot 27. Common Bushtit Bushtit 28. Catbird Gray Catbird 29. Robin American Robin 30. Parula Warbler Northern Parula 31. Yellowthroat Common Yellowthroat 32. Mexican Junco Yellow-eyed Junco The above alterations were made for various reasons, but mostly to bring American termin­ ology into greater conformity with already established international usage. None of these changes has any biological significance. A change in the Latin name for a bird ^ significant inasmuch as it ordinarily reflects a shift in the biological classification of the bird. Fifty percent of these altera­ tions have to do with the merging of one genus in another, or with the placement of a species within a different subfamily.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Ornithological Society
    tex_o_juneREV8 8/2/07 10:18 AM Page 41 BULLETIN OF THE TEXAS ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 40, No. 2 August 2007 Pages 41–88 TEXAS BIRD RECORDS COMMITTEE REPORT FOR 2006 MARK W. LOCKWOOD 402 E. Harriet Ave., Alpine, Texas 798301 The Texas Bird Records Committee (hereafter “TBRC” or “committee”) of the Texas Ornithological Society requests and reviews documentation on any record of a TBRC Review List species (see TBRC web page at http://texasbirds.org/tbrc/ or Lockwood 2003). Annual reports of the committee’s activities have appeared in the Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society since 1984. For more information about the Texas Ornithological Society or the TBRC, please visit www.texasbirds.org. The committee reached a final decision on 130 records during 2006: 111 records of 53 species were accepted and 19 records of 19 species were not accepted, an acceptance rate of 85.3% for this report. The committee reviewed documentation submitted (to the TBRC or other entities) by 156 observers during 2006. In 2006, the TBRC accepted the first state record of Pacific Golden-Plover. Yellow-footed Gull was removed from the state list during 2006 as well. These actions brought the official Texas State List to 629 species in good standing. This total does not include the four species listed on the Presumptive Species List. In addition to the review of previously undocumented species, any committee member may request that a record of any species be reviewed. The committee requests written descriptions as well as photographs, video, and audio recordings if available. Information concerning a Review List species may be submitted to the committee secre- tary, Mark Lockwood, 402 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Ellen Lupton: Paragraphs Paragraphs
    Ellen Lupton: Paragraphs paragraphs bible Page detail, c. 1500. This beautiful arrangement features contrast between the dense, unbroken text column and a flurry of surrounding details, including a drop cap, marginal notes, and triangular chapter summary. This early typographic book uses a symbol to divide paragraphs, creating a dense column. paragraphs Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse; Buttonquail America’s pheasants, partridges, grouse, and ptarmigan phe asants and are not generally considered real beauties, being known more as drab brown partridges game birds. But the main family of these chickenlike birds, Phasianidae, with Distribution: a natural Old World distribution, contains some of the globe’s most visually Old World striking larger birds, chiefly among the pheasants, like the Silver Pheasant, No. of Living Crested Fireback, and Common Peafowl illustrated here. The most historically Species: 155 (and gastronomically) significant, if usually unheralded, member of the group No. of Species is Asia’s Red Junglefowl, the wild ancestor of domestic chickens. Vulnerable, All chickenlike birds (except buttonquail) are contained in order Endangered: 32, 9 Galliformes. In the past, most (excluding the megapodes and curassows) No. of Species Extinct were included in family Phasianidae, but more recently, the grouse (treated Since 1600: 3 here), which occur over North America and northern Eurasia, have been separated into their own family of 18 species, Tetraonidae, and the New World quail into their own family (treated on p. 87). Phasianidae itself now contains 155 species, including partridges, francolins, junglefowl, Old World quail, and pheasants. Several Old World species, such as Chukar, Gray Partridge, and Ring-necked Pheasant, were introduced to North America as game birds and are now common here.
    [Show full text]