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A Guidance Document for Characterizing Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscapes

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A Guidance Document for Characterizing Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscapes OCS Study BOEM 2017-023 A Guidance Document for Characterizing Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscapes U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region August 18, 2017 Cover image: Honua Consultants cultural landscapes workshop attendees, September 2015. OCS Study BOEM 2017-023 A Guidance Document for Characterizing Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscapes Authors H. Van Tilburg T. Watson K. Faria K. Hoomanawanui I. Ho-Lastimosa W. Ritte K. Maly M. Naho‘opi‘i K. Horcajo K. Kaupiko D. Ball Prepared under BOEM Interagency Agreement M13PG00018 By Honua Consulting 4348 Wai‘alae Avenue #254 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96816 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region August 18, 2017 DISCLAIMER This study was funded, in part, by the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, through Interagency Agreement Number M13PG00018 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. This report has been technically reviewed by the ONMS and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and has been approved for publication. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the US Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. REPORT AVAILABILITY To download a PDF file of this report, go to the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program Information System website at http://www.boem.gov/Environmental-Studies-EnvData/ and search on OCS Study BOEM 2017- 023. CITATION Van Tilburg H, Watson TK, Faria K, Hoomanawanui K, Ho-Lastiama I, Ritte W, Maly K, Nahoopii M, Horcajo K, Kaupiko K, Ball D. 2017. A Guidance Document for Characterizing Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscapes. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Pacific OCS Region, Camarillo, CA. OCS Study BOEM 2017-023. 208 pages, with appendices. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Note on Orthography and Translation It is the practice of Honua Consulting to use diacritical markers when using the Hawaiian language as encouraged by our kūpuna (elders), enabling proper pronunciation and translation. When quoting historical sources, those sources are cited precisely as written, no diacritical markings are added if none are used in the original materials. Literal translations are liberally provided in this publication as this document is intended for a wide audience unfamiliar with the Hawaiian language. It should be noted the Hawaiian language is an official language of the State of Hawai‘i under the Hawai‘i State Constitution. ii Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... vii 1 Background ...............................................................................................................................1 2 PART 1: Working with Native Hawaiian Communities .................................................................2 2.1 Cultural Resources from a Native Hawaiian Perspective ............................................................ 3 2.1.1 Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscapes ..................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Native Hawaiian Guiding Principles ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 Implementing a Native Hawaiian Cultural Landscape Approach .............................................. 6 2.2.1 Data Collection, Management and Ownership ....................................................................... 6 2.2.2 The Use of Facilitators and “Experts”...................................................................................... 8 3 PART 2: Participating in Federal Processes ................................................................................ 10 3.1 A Cultural Landscape Approach for Integrated Resource Management................................... 10 3.2 Engaging with Existing Federal Processes ................................................................................. 10 4 Research Design and Project Planning Using the NHCL Approach............................................... 12 4.1 Native Hawaiian Worldview ...................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Native Hawaiian Planning .......................................................................................................... 16 4.3 Assessing Impact........................................................................................................................ 19 5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 21 6 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................. 22 References ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Appendix 1: Terminology and Topics for Project Proponents ............................................................. 26 Appendix 2: Consultation and Engagement Guidelines ...................................................................... 29 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 29 2 Pre-Consultation ........................................................................................................................ 30 3 Identifying NHCLs and Impacted Communities ......................................................................... 31 3.1 Identifying NHCLs .................................................................................................................. 31 3.2 Identifying Impacted Communities ....................................................................................... 32 4 Hawai‘i Island ............................................................................................................................. 33 5 Maui ........................................................................................................................................... 35 6 Moloka‘i ..................................................................................................................................... 36 7 Lāna‘i .......................................................................................................................................... 37 8 O‘ahu ......................................................................................................................................... 38 9 Kaho‘olawe ................................................................................................................................ 39 10 Kaua‘i ......................................................................................................................................... 40 11 Ni‘ihau ........................................................................................................................................ 41 12 Additional Meeting Best Management Practices ...................................................................... 42 12.1 Location and Time of Meeting .............................................................................................. 42 12.2 Agenda and Ground Rules Development .............................................................................. 43 12.3 Use of “Experts” and Community Facilitators ....................................................................... 43 12.4 Decision-Making .................................................................................................................... 45 iii 12.5 Records and Information-Sharing ......................................................................................... 45 13 Additional Considerations ......................................................................................................... 48 References .............................................................................................................................................. 52 Appendix 3: Native Hawaiian Land Terms ......................................................................................... 53 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................................... 53 Reference ................................................................................................................................................ 74 Appendix 4: Lāna‘i Case Study .......................................................................................................... 75 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 76 2 Project Summary ......................................................................................................................
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