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Historical Dictionary of Witchcraft

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The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays of the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events. Brief A–Z entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, provid- ing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields. HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF RELIGIONS, PHILOSOPHIES, AND MOVEMENTS Jon Woronoff, Series Editor Orthodox Church, by Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, and Michael D. Peterson, 1996 Civil Rights Movement, by Ralph E. Luker, 1997 Catholicism, by William J. Collinge, 1997 North American Environmentalism, by Edward R. Wells and Alan M. Schwartz, 1997 Taoism, by Julian F. Pas in cooperation with Man Kam Leung, 1998 Gay Liberation Movement, by Ronald J. Hunt, 1999 Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran, and Turkey, by Ahmad S. Moussalli, 1999 Cooperative Movement, by Jack Shaffer, 1999 Kierkegaard’s Philosophy, by Julia Watkin, 2001 Slavery and Abolition, by Martin A. Klein, 2002 Prophets in Islam and Judaism, by Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler, 2002 Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage, by JoAnne Myers, 2003 Descartes and Cartesian Philosophy, by Roger Ariew, Dennis Des Chene, Douglas M. Jesseph, Tad M. Schmaltz, and Theo Verbeek, 2003 Witchcraft, by Michael D. Bailey, 2003 Unitarian Universalism, by Mark W. Harris, 2004 New Age Movements, by Michael York, 2004 Organized Labor, Second Edition, by James C. Docherty, 2004 Utopianism, by James M. Morris and Andrea L. Kross, 2004 Feminism, Second Edition, by Janet K. Boles and Diane Long Hoeveler, 2004 Jainism, by Kristi L. Wiley, 2004 Wittgenstein’s Philosophy, by Duncan Richter, 2004 Schopenhauer’s Philosophy, by David E. Cartwright, 2005 Seventh-day Adventists, by Gary Land, 2005 Methodism, Second Edition, by Charles Yrigoyen Jr. and Susan E. Warrick, 2005 Sufism, by John Renard, 2005 Sikhism, Second Edition, by W. H. McLeod, 2005 Kant and Kantianism, by Helmut Holzhey and Vilem Mudroch, 2005 Olympic Movement, Third Edition, by Bill Mallon with Ian Buchanan, 2006 Anglicanism, by Colin Buchanan, 2006 Welfare State, Second Edition, by Bent Greve, 2006 Feminist Philosophy, by Catherine Villanueva Gardner, 2006 Logic, by Harry J. Gensler, 2006 Leibniz’s Philosophy, by Stuart Brown and Nicholas J. Fox, 2006 Non-Aligned Movement and Third World, by Guy Arnold, 2006 Salvation Army, by Major John G. Merritt, 2006 Judaism, Second Edition, by Norman Solomon, 2006 Epistemology, by Ralph Baergen, 2006 Bahá’í Faith, Second Edition, by Hugh C. Adamson, 2006 Aesthetics, by Dabney Townsend, 2006 Socialism, Second Edition, by Peter Lamb and James C. Docherty, 2007 Marxism, by David M. Walker and Daniel Gray, 2007 Nietzscheanism, Second Edition, by Carol Diethe, 2007 Medieval Philosophy and Theology, by Stephen F. Brown and Juan Carlos Flores, 2007 Shamanism, by Graham Harvey and Robert Wallis, 2007 Ancient Greek Philosophy, by Anthony Preus, 2007 Puritans, by Charles Pastoor and Galen K. Johnson, 2007 Green Movement, Second Edition, by Miranda Schreurs and Elim Papadakis, 2007 Husserl’s Philosophy, by John J. Drummond, 2008 Existentialism, by Stephen Michelman, 2008 Zionism, Second Edition, by Rafael Medoff and Chaim I. Waxman, 2008 Coptic Church, by Gawdat Gabra, 2008 Jehovah’s Witnesses, by George D. Chryssides, 2008 Hume’s Philosophy, by Kenneth R. Merrill, 2008 Shakers, by Stephen J. Paterwic, 2008 Native American Movements, by Todd Leahy and Raymond Wilson, 2008 Mormonism, Third Edition, by Davis Bitton and Thomas G. Alexander, 2008 Hegelian Philosophy, Second Edition, by John W. Burbidge, 2008 Ethics, by Harry J. Gensler and Earl W. Spurgin, 2008 Environmentalism, by Peter Dauvergne, 2009 Bertrand Russell’s Philosophy, by Rosalind Carey and John Ongley, 2009 Baptists, Second Edition, by William H. Brackney, 2009 Islam, Second Edition, by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2009 Homosexuality, by Brent L. Pickett, 2009 Buddhism, by Carl Olson, 2009 Holiness Movement, Second Edition, edited by William Kostlevy, 2009 Reformed Churches, Second Edition, by Robert Benedetto and Donald K. McKim, 2010 The Reformation and Counter-Reformation, by Michael Mullett, 2010 Heidegger’s Philosophy, Second Edition, by Frank Schalow and Alfred Denker, 2010 Jesus, by Daniel J. Harrington, S.J., 2010 Metaphysics, by Gary Rosenkrantz and Joshua Hoffman, 2011 Shinto, Second Edition, by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2011 The Friends (Quakers), Second Edition, by Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2011 Hinduism, New Edition, by Jeffery D. Long, 2011 Calvinism, by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2012 Hobbes’s Philosophy, by Juhana Lemetti, 2012 Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party, by Lawrence R. Sullivan, 2012 New Religious Movements, Second Edition, by George D. Chryssides, 2012 Catholicism, Second Edition, by William J. Collinge, 2012 Radical Christianity, by William H. Brackney, 2012 Organized Labor, Third Edition, by James C. Docherty and Sjaak van der Velden, 2012 Islamic Fundamentalism, by Mathieu Guidère, 2012 Witchcraft, Second Edition, by Jonathan Durrant and Michael D. Bailey, 2013 Historical Dictionary of Witchcraft Second Edition Jonathan Durrant and Michael D. Bailey The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2012 Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.scarecrowpress.com 10 Thornbury Road, Plymouth PL6 7PP, United Kingdom Copyright © 2012 by Jonathan Durrant and Michael D. Bailey All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Durrant, Jonathan B. (Jonathan Bryan) Historical dictionary of witchcraft. — 2nd ed. / Jonathan Durrant, Michael D. Bailey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 978-0-8108-7245-5 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-7512-8 (ebook) 1. Witchcraft—History—Dictionaries. I. Bailey, Michael David, 1971–. II. Bailey, Michael David, 1971–. Historical dictionary of witchcraft. III. Title. BF1566.B25 2013 133.4'303—dc23 2012021267 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America Contents Editor’s Foreword ix Acknowledgments xi Chronology xiii Introduction 1 THE DICTIONARY 19 Bibliography 213 About the Authors 271 vii Editor’s Foreword Does it make sense to publish a book on witchcraft at the beginning of the 21st century? Most definitely so. Without a good knowledge of this presently somewhat unfamiliar subject, one cannot understand earlier periods in Eu- rope and North America where there was a widespread concern about witches intense enough to culminate in witch-hunts and burnings. Nor can one understand the situation in many other ancient and even present-day “primitive” cultures, where the belief in creatures resembling witches was and is quite strong. The information in this book is also instrumental to understanding the emergence of modern witchcraft, also known as Wicca, as well as popular culture’s abiding fascination with ghosts and other specters. Most of the second edition of this Historical Dictionary of Witchcraft concentrates on witchcraft in the older, more traditional sense. The dictionary section therefore includes entries on people who strongly influenced the mood of the times: writing about witches and how to find them, bringing them to trial and sometimes having them convicted, or defending them and gradually convincing the broader society that perhaps those persecuted were not actually witches (and perhaps that there was no such thing). Other entries address how it was ascertained if someone was a witch, how confessions were extracted from such a person, what the punishment should be, and why so many witches were women. But the most intriguing entries are often about similar phenomena in other cultures, and about the return of witchcraft in the West—long after it had seemingly disappeared—and in surprising new forms. This trajectory is easier to follow thanks to a brief chronology, easier to understand thanks to a general introduction, and easier to research thanks to a substantial bibliography. Moreover, the information base is expanded in this second edition, building on an already
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