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La Légende De Théophile Dans L'occident Médiéval (Ixe-Xvie

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La Légende De Théophile Dans L'occident Médiéval (Ixe-Xvie La légende de Théophile dans l’Occident médiéval (IXe-XVIe siècle) Analyse textuelle et iconographique Mémoire Mélanie Côté Maîtrise en histoire de l’art Maître ès arts (M. A.) Québec, Canada © Mélanie Côté, 2014 RÉSUMÉ La légende de Théophile est complexe et elle occupe une place privilégiée dans l’Occident médiéval. Elle est représentée dans plusieurs manuscrits et sur de nombreux vitraux. Elle est également sculptée sur les parois de quelques églises et elle bénéficie très tôt d’une vaste tradition textuelle. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser ce thème en l’articulant à la réalité historique, aux comportements humains, mais aussi en effectuant de continuels allers et retours entre les images, les textes et leur environnement. Ainsi, l’étude sérielle et relationnelle de cinquante images provenant de supports variés (manuscrits, vitraux, images sculptées), combinée à l’analyse de plusieurs textes, révèle la dynamique et l’inventivité des représentations de cette légende particulièrement entre le IXe et le XVIe siècle. III TABLE DES MATIÈRES RÉSUMÉ ........................................................................................................................................ III TABLE DES MATIÈRES ............................................................................................................ V LISTE DES TABLEAUX ........................................................................................................... IX LISTE DES FIGURES ................................................................................................................ XI REMERCIEMENTS .................................................................................................................. XV INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Au XXe siècle : Les approches iconographiques, formalistes et iconologiques ......................................... 4 Les approches anthropologiques des historiens et des historiens de l’art ..................................................11 La légende de Théophile ...........................................................................................................................16 Bilan historiographique ............................................................................................................................18 Problématique et hypothèses ....................................................................................................................26 Présentation du corpus .............................................................................................................................29 Méthodologie .............................................................................................................................................31 Organisation de la recherche ....................................................................................................................33 CHAPITRE 1 - LE DÉVELOPPEMENT SCRIPTURAIRE DE LA LÉGENDE DE THÉOPHILE DANS LA CHRÉTIENTÉ OCCIDENTALE : DE PAUL DIACRE DE E E NAPLES À MATTÄUS RADER (IX -XVI SIÈCLE) ...................................................... 35 1.1-Du IXe au Xe siècle : l’émergence des représentations littéraires latines en Occident en contexte impérial .....................................................................................................................................................36 Paul Diacre de Naples ................................................................................................................................. 37 Hrotsvita de Gandersheim ........................................................................................................................... 38 1.2-Au cœur de la réforme : hérésie, culte marial et affirmation de l’institution ecclésiale .....................40 1.3-La légende de Théophile comme exemplum dans la prédication, dans les chroniques et la poésie au XIe et au XIIe siècle ...................................................................................................................................43 V 1.4-La légende de Théophile dans les recueils miraculaires latins dédiés à la Vierge au XIIe siècle ....... 47 1.5-L’expansion de la légende de Théophile dans les collections de miracles mariaux en langues vernaculaires à la fin du XIIe siècle et au XIIIe siècle ............................................................................... 49 1.6-La légende de Théophile dans la poésie et la littérature en langue vernaculaire au XIIIe siècle ....... 53 1.7-La légende de Théophile dans le domaine latin du XIIIe et du XIVe siècle : les auteurs des ordres mendiants .................................................................................................................................................. 54 1.8-La légende de Théophile à la fin du Moyen Âge : les auteurs du XVe au XVIe siècle ........................ 59 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 61 CHAPITRE 2- ANALYSE DES TEXTES DE GAUTIER DE COINCI, VINCENT DE BEAUVAIS, RUTEBEUF, JACQUES DE VORAGINE ET JEAN MIÉLOT (XIIIE E ET XV SIÈCLE). ....................................................................................................................... 35 2.1-L’histoire de Théophile racontée par Gautier de Coinci, Vincent de Beauvais, Rutebeuf, Jacques de Voragine et Jean Miélot ............................................................................................................................ 69 Comment Theophilus vint a penitance de Gautier de Coinci ....................................................................... 69 De Theophilo vicedomino et chirographo quod dedit diabolo de Vincent de Beauvais ............................... 70 Le Miracle de Theophile de Rutebeuf .......................................................................................................... 71 La légende de Théophile dans le De nativitate beatae Mariae virginis de Jacques de Voragine ................. 72 De la repentance de Theophilus, qui renya Jhesus Crist et puis deservi avoir pardon de la Vierge Marie, dont il bailla au dyable cyrographe signé de son anel de Jean Miélot .......................................................... 72 2.2-Analyse comparative et structurale .................................................................................................... 73 Présentation initiale de Théophile et situation dans le temps et l’espace .................................................... 74 La tentation de Théophile ............................................................................................................................. 75 Le pacte diabolique ...................................................................................................................................... 77 La repentance et le pardon de Théophile ..................................................................................................... 79 Théophile, le modèle du pécheur et du pénitent ........................................................................................... 80 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 81 CHAPITRE 3- LE DÉPLOIEMENT ICONOGRAPHIQUE DE LA LÉGENDE DE THÉOPHILE EN OCCIDENT DU XIIE AU XVIE SIÈCLE SELON LE MÉDIUM- SUPPORT ET SELON LE NOMBRE DE SCÈNES ........................................................... 85 3.1-Entre texte et image : mise en forme de la légende de Théophile dans les manuscrits du XIIe au XVIe siècle .......................................................................................................................................................... 87 Disposition, agencement et fonction des images sur les folios .................................................................... 87 Les images en pleine page et en double page du XIIe au XVe siècle ....................................................... 88 Les miniatures du XIIIe au XVe siècle ..................................................................................................... 90 Les lettrines du XIII eau XVe siècle ......................................................................................................... 91 VI Les images dans les marges du XIIIe au XVIe siècle ............................................................................... 92 Une image composite de la légende de Théophile dans le livre d’heures à l’usage de Maastricht ......... 94 Les montages narratifs et séquentiels des images dans les manuscrits ....................................................... 95 Les images en une scène dans les manuscrits du XIIIe au XVIe siècle .................................................... 95 Les cycles courts et les cycles longs........................................................................................................ 97 Les cycles courts du XIIe au XVe siècle ............................................................................................... 98 Les cycles longs du XIIIe et du XIVe siècle ........................................................................................ 101 Un réseau de relations complexes .............................................................................................................. 103 De la sphère privée
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