Language Analysis Based on Speakers of the Population Using
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
BSW 043 Block 1 English.Pmd
UNIT 4 TRIBES OF TAMIL NADU Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 About Tamil Nadu 4.3 Tribes of Tamil Nadu 4.4 Social Hierarchy of the Tribes in Tamil Nadu 4.5 Tribal Languages in Tamil Nadu 4.6 Let Us Sum Up 4.7 Further Readings and References 4.0 OBJECTIVES This unit gives a description of the tribes of Tamil Nadu State which is a part of South India. It provides information about their origin, social, cultural and economic characteristics and their present status with the object of developing an understanding in the learner about the distinct features of the tribes located in the heart of the nation. After reading this unit, you should be able to: Describe the tribal areas of Tamil Nadu; Trace the origin of the tribes and understand their culture and occupation; Understand the different tribes of the region and their social, economic and cultural characteristics; Discuss the social hierarchy of the people in Tamil Nadu; and Outline their present status in terms of literacy, occupation, etc. 4.1 INTRODUCTION Tribes of Tamil Nadu are mainly found in the district of Nilgiris. Of all the distinct tribes, the Kotas, the Todas, the Irulas, the Kurumbas and the Badagas form the larger groups, who mainly had a pastoral existence. The men from each family of this tribe are occupied in milking and grazing their large herds of buffaloes; a very common form of pastoral farming. This tribe is distinguished by their traditional costume; a thick white cotton cloth having stripes in red, blue or black, called puthukuli worn by both women and men over a waist cloth. -
Updated Proposal to Encode Tulu-Tigalari Script in Unicode
Updated proposal to encode Tulu-Tigalari script in Unicode Vaishnavi Murthy Kodipady Yerkadithaya [ [email protected] ] Vinodh Rajan [ [email protected] ] 04/03/2021 Document History & Background Documents : (This document replaces L2/17-378) L2/11-120R Preliminary proposal for encoding the Tulu script in the SMP of the UCS – Michael Everson L2/16-241 Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script – Vaishnavi Murthy K Y L2/16-342 Recommendations to UTC #149 November 2016 on Script Proposals – Deborah Anderson, Ken Whistler, Roozbeh Pournader, Andrew Glass and Laurentiu Iancu L2/17-182 Comments on encoding the Tigalari script – Srinidhi and Sridatta L2/18-175 Replies to Script Ad Hoc Recommendations (L2/16-342) and Comments (L2/17-182) on Tigalari proposal (L2/16-241) – Vaishnavi Murthy K Y L2/17-378 Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script – Vaishnavi Murthy K Y, Vinodh Rajan L2/17-411 Letter in support of preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari – Guru Prasad (Has withdrawn support. This letter needs to be disregarded.) L2/17-422 Letter to Vaishnavi Murthy in support of Tigalari encoding proposal – A. V. Nagasampige L2/18-039 Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals – Deborah Anderson, Ken Whistler, Roozbeh Pournader, Lisa Moore, Liang Hai, and Richard Cook PROPOSAL TO ENCODE TIGALARI SCRIPT IN UNICODE 2 A note on recent updates : −−−Tigalari Script is renamed Tulu-Tigalari script. The reason for the same is discussed under section 1.1 (pp. 4-5) of this paper & elaborately in the supplementary paper Tulu Language and Tulu-Tigalari script (pp. 5-13). −−−This proposal attempts to harmonize the use of the Tulu-Tigalari script for Tulu, Sanskrit and Kannada languages for archival use. -
Orange Alba: the Civil Religion of Loyalism in the Southwestern Lowlands of Scotland Since 1798
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2010 Orange Alba: The Civil Religion of Loyalism in the Southwestern Lowlands of Scotland since 1798 Ronnie Michael Booker Jr. University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Booker, Ronnie Michael Jr., "Orange Alba: The Civil Religion of Loyalism in the Southwestern Lowlands of Scotland since 1798. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2010. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/777 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Ronnie Michael Booker Jr. entitled "Orange Alba: The Civil Religion of Loyalism in the Southwestern Lowlands of Scotland since 1798." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. John Bohstedt, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Vejas Liulevicius, Lynn Sacco, Daniel Magilow Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by R. -
Unit 2 Distribution of Indian Tribes, Groups and Sub-Groups: Causes of Variations
Tribal Cosmogenies UNIT 2 DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN TRIBES, GROUPS AND SUB-GROUPS: CAUSES OF VARIATIONS Structure 2.0 Objectives 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Distribution of Indian tribes: groups and sub-groups 2.2.1 Geographical 2.2.2 Linguistic 2.2.3 Racial 2.2.4 Size 2.2.5 Economy or subsistence pattern 2.2.6 Degree of incorporation into the Hindu society 2.3 Causes of variations 2.3.1 Migration 2.3.2 Acculturation and assimilation. 2.3.3 Geography or the physical environment 2.4 Let us sum up 2.5 Activity 2.6 References and further reading 2.7 Glossary 2.8 Answers to questions 2.0 OBJECTIVES After having read this Unit, you will be able to: x get a panoramic view of the Indian tribes; x understand the principles upon which their classification is based; and x map their distribution on the basis of their geographical location, language, physical attributes, economy and social structure. 2.1 INTRODUCTION We have had a general outline about the tribes of India in the preceding Unit (Course 4-Block 1- Unit 1). In this present Unit we will deal with distribution of the tribes of India in detail. Structurally this Unit is divided into two main sections. In this first section of the Unit we will discuss the distribution pattern of Indian tribes and how they are classified into different groups and sub-groups based on various criteria. 24 These criteria are based on their geographical location, language, physical Migrant Tribes / Nomads attributes, economy and the degree of incorporation into the Hindu society. -
Schiffman, Harold F. TITLE Language and Society in South Asia. Final Report
DOCUMEKT RESUNE ED 127 806 PL 007 948 AUTHOR Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. TITLE Language and Society in South Asia. Final Report. INSTITUTION Institute of International Studies (DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. BUREAU NO BR-110012HH PUB DATE Sep 75 CONTRACT OEC-0-74-2093 NOTE 380p. EDRS PRICE MF-$C.83 Hc-$20.75 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Asian Studies; *Bilingualism; Burmese; Cultural Context; *Dialects; Dialect Studies; Dravidian Languages; Language Classification; *Language Variation; Linguistic Borrowing; Multilingualism; Regional Dialects; Social Dialects; *Sociolinguistics; Tibetan IDENTIFIERS *Asia (South); *Code Switching; Indo Aryan Languages; Munda Languages; Tibeto Burman Languages ABSTRACT This work attempts to provide an overview of liuguistic diversity in South Asia and to place this diversity in a cultural context. The work tries to describe the current state of knowledge concerning socially conditioned language variation in the subcontinent. Each of five major language families contains numerous mutually intelligible and unintelligible dialects. Different dialects of a language may be required for 'written and spoken use and for different social groups. Bilingualism and multilingualism are common for communication between groups. Language choice is important for education, politics, radio and television. Chapter 2 of this book enumerates criteria used in the taxonomy of language forms, discussing a number of theories of dialect formation from the points of view of linguistic innovation and diffusion of linguistic change. Chapter 3 surveys literature on classification of South Asian languages. Chapter 4 considers South Asia as a distinct linguistic area and Chapter 5 evaluates literature on South Asian social dialects. Chapter 6 examines linguistic codes encompassing elements from more than one autonomous language. -
Language and Communication Access Plan
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION ACCESS PLAN 2020 Prepared by: California Complete Count - Census 2020 May 17, 2019 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 II. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION ACCESS ....................................................... 1 III. LANGUAGE SUPPORT BY U.S. CENSUS BUREAU AND CALIFORNIA COMPLETE COUNT–CENSUS 2020 OFFICE .. .............................. ................................................... 3 IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTRACTORS ................................ ....................................... 5 V. CONTRACT DELIVERABLES ................................ ....................................................... 10 VI. COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES . .............................................................................. 10 VII. ADDRESSING LANGUAGE GAPS . ............................................................................ 12 VIII. TIMELINE (APRIL 2019 – JUNE 2020) ................................ ......................................... 14 APPENDIX A: ACRONYMS .............................................................................................. 15 APPENDIX B: REQUIRED PRIMARY LANGUAGES BY AREA .......................................... 16 APPENDIX C: QUALITY ASSURANCE IN LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION ACCESS ................................ ............................................................................................. 24 APPENDIX D. QUESTIONNAIRE ASSISTANCE CENTERS ................................................ -
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Speech and Language Technologies for Dravidian Languages
DravidianLangTech EACL 2021 16th conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL) Proceedings of the First Workshop on Speech and Language Technologies for Dravidian Languages April 19,2021 ©2021 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ISBN 978-1-954085-06-0 ii Preface The development of technology increases our internet use, and most of the global languages have adapted themselves to the digital era. However, many regional, under-resourced languages face challenges as they still lack developments in language technology. One such language family is the Dravidian (Tamil) family of languages. Dravidian is the name for the Tamil languages or Tamil people in Sanskrit, and all the current Dravidian languages were called a branch of Tamil in old Jain, Bhraminic, and Buddhist literature (Caldwell, 1875). Tamil languages are primarily spoken in south India, Sri Lanka, and Singapore. Pockets of speakers are found in Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia, other parts of India, and elsewhere globally. The Tamil languages, which are 4,500 years old and spoken by millions of speakers, are under-resourced in speech and natural language processing. The Dravidian languages were first documented in Tamili script on pottery and cave walls in the Keezhadi (Keeladi), Madurai and Tirunelveli regions of Tamil Nadu, India, from the 6th century BCE. The Tamil languages are divided into four groups: South, South-Central, Central, and North groups. -
The Seamounts of the Gorringe Bank the Seamounts of the Gorringe Bank the Seamounts of the Gorringe Bank
THE SEAMOUNTS OF THE GORRINGE BANK THE SEAMOUNTS OF THE GORRINGE BANK THE SEAMOUNTS OF THE GORRINGE BANK Introduction 4 •Oceana expedition and studies 6 •Geographical location 7 1 Geology 8 •Geomorphology, topography and petrology 8 •Seismic activity and tsunamis 12 2 Oceanography 17 •Currents and seamounts 17 •The Mediterranean influence 20 oMeddies 21 •The Atlantic influence 22 •Oxygen levels 23 3 Biology 24 •Endemisms and Biodiversity 27 •List of species 31 •Peculiarities of some of the species on the Gorringe Bank 35 oDescription of the ecosystem observed 36 4 Threats to the biodiversity of Gorringe: fishing 41 5 Conclusions and proposals 46 GLOSSARY 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY 58 3 LAS MONTAÑAS SUBMARINAS DE GORRINGE Introduction A seamount is regarded as a geological elevation that reaches a minimum of 1,000 metres in height and can consist of very different physical, geological and chemical pro- perties. Therefore, seamounts can only exist where there are sea beds more than one kilo- metre deep, or, which is one and the same thing, over 60%–62% of the land surface1. There are also thousands of smaller elevations that tend to be known as abyssal hills (when they are less than 500 metres) or mounds (between 500 and 1,000 metres). Whether in isolation or as part of extensive ranges, there are possibly more than 100,000 sea- mounts around the world2. At present, close to 30,000 of them have been identified, of which around 1,000 can be found in the Atlantic Ocean3, where in addition the largest range in the world can be found; the Mid–Atlantic Ridge, which stretches from Iceland to the Antarctic. -
Findings of the Shared Task on Offensive Language Identification in Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada
Findings of the Shared Task on Offensive Language Identification in Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi1, Ruba Priyadharshini2, Navya Jose3 Anand Kumar M 4,Thomas Mandl 5, Prasanna Kumar Kumaresan3, Rahul Ponnusamy3, Hariharan R L 4, John Philip McCrae 1 and Elizabeth Sherly3 1National University of Ireland Galway, 2Madurai Kamaraj University, 3Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala, 4National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, 5University of Hildesheim Germany [email protected] Abstract Research in hate speech detection (Kumar et al., Detecting offensive language in social me- 2018) or offensive language detection (Zampieri dia in local languages is critical for mod- et al., 2020; Mandl et al., 2020) using Natural Lan- erating user-generated content. Thus, the guage Processing (NLP) has significantly improved field of offensive language identification for in recent years. However, the work on under- under-resourced languages like Tamil, Malay- resourced languages is still limited (Chakravarthi, alam and Kannada is of essential impor- 2020). For example, under-resourced languages tance. As user-generated content is often such as Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada lack tools code-mixed and not well studied for under- resourced languages, it is imperative to cre- and datasets (Chakravarthi et al., 2020a,c; Thava- ate resources and conduct benchmark stud- reesan and Mahesan, 2019, 2020a,b). Recently, ies to encourage research in under-resourced shared sentiment analysis for Tamil and Malay- Dravidian languages. We created a shared alam by Chakravarthi et al.(2020d) and offensive task on offensive language detection in Dra- language identification in Tamil and Malayalam vidian languages. We summarize the dataset by Chakravarthi et al.(2020b) paved the wave for this challenge which are openly avail- for more research on Dravidian languages. -
The Languages of South Asia
THE LANGUAGES OF SOUTH ASIA a catalogue of rare books: dictionaries, grammars, manuals, & literature. with several important works on Tibetan Catalogue 31 John Randall (Books of Asia) John Randall (Books of Asia) [email protected] +44 (0)20 7636 2216 www.booksofasia.com VAT Number : GB 245 9117 54 Cover illustration taken from no. 4 (Colebrooke) in this catalogue; inside cover illustrations taken from no. 206 (Williams). © John Randall (Books of Asia) 2017 THE LANGUAGES OF SOUTH ASIA Catalogue 31 John Randall (Books of Asia) INTRODUCTION The conversion of the East India Company from trading concern to regional power South Asia, home to six distinct linguistic gave further impetus to the study of South families, remains one of the most Asian languages. Employees of the linguistically complex regions on earth. Company were charged with producing According to the 2001 Census of India, linguistic guides for official purposes. 1,721 languages and dialects were spoken as Military officers needed language skills to mother tongues. Of these, 29 had one issue commands to locally recruited troops. million or more speakers, and a further 31 And as the Company sought to perpetuate more than 100,000. the Mughal system of rule, knowledge of Persian as well as regional languages was The political implications of such dizzying essential for revenue collectors and diversity have been no less complex. Since administrators of justice. 1953, there have been many attempts to re- divide the country along linguistic lines. As All the while, some independent European recently as 2014, the new state of Telangana scholars demonstrated a genuine interest in was created as a homeland for Telugu and empathy for South Asian languages and speakers. -
1237-1242 Research Article Christian Contribution
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.9 (2021),1237-1242 Research Article Christian Contribution To Tamil Literature Dr.M.MAARAVARMAN1 Assistant Professor in History,P.G&Research Department of History,PresidencyCollege, (Autonomous),Chennai-5. Article History: Received: 10 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 20 April 2021 Abstract: The Christian missionaries studied Tamil language in order to propagate their religion. Henrique Henrique’s, Nobili, G.U. Pope, Constantine Joseph Beschi, Robert Caldwell, Barthalomaus Zieganbalg, Francis Whyte Ellis, Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai, Henry Arthur Krishna Pillai, Vedanayagam Sastriyar, Abraham Pandithar had been the Christian campaigners and missionaries. Pope was along with Joseph Constantius Beschi, Francis Whyte Ellis, and Bishop Robert Caldwell one of the major scholars on Tamil. Ziegenbalg wrote a number of texts in Tamil he started translating the New Testament in 1708 and completed in 1711.They performed a remarkable position to the improvement of Tamil inclusive of the introduction of Prose writing.Christian Priest understood the need to learn the neighborhood language for effective evangelization. Moreover, they centered on Tamil literature in order to recognize the cultural heritage and spiritual traditions. The Priest learnt Tamil language and literature with an agenda and no longer out of love or passion or with an intention of contributing to the growth of the language.Tamil Christian Literature refers to the various epic, poems and other literary works based on the ethics, customs and principles of Christian religion. Christians both the catholic and Protestant missionaries have also birthed literary works. Tamil- Christian works have enriched the language and its literature. -
The God of Small Things’: a Stylistic Approach to Birth Cultural Meanings
International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL) Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2016, PP 6-12 ISSN 2347-3126 (Print) & ISSN 2347-3134 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.0404002 www.arcjournals.org Reading Arundhati Roy’s ‘The God of Small Things’: A Stylistic Approach to Birth Cultural Meanings Jasmine Fernandez Research scholar, Department of HSS, IIT Indore, India Abstract: Arundhati Roy the booker prize nominee of 1997, from India reaffirms once again the position of Indian English as one of the accepted literatures of the world and also secures its place. The text doubly reinforces Meenakshi Mukherjee’s “anxiety of Indianness” and confirms to the world the importance of languages other than English and how writers extrapolate indigenous language (here Malayalam) into English consciously to invoke the interest in Malayalam language and preserve the language amidst a tight rop e walk in the global scenario. My intention in this paper is to draw the significance of the play of Malayalam words and meaning signification whereby easily the translated English language could have been used. For this I have explored the lexical and syntactic devices and other stylistics employed to create the artistic exuberance in a culturally different text like The God of Small Things. Keywords: Play, Malayalam, words, culturally, different, meaning signification, anxiety of Indianness, lexical devices, syntactic devices. It is a consensus among critics and writers alike that texts acquire meaning with the readers and the culture in which it is disseminated, contextualized and dispersed. To make it clearer, texts open up meanings through various devices like language play, narrative strategies, word art etc.