P. I Chapter I Utah's Fertile Crescent: the Geographic Setting T
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Table of Contents Final draft September 2014 Introduction….. p. i Chapter I Utah's Fertile Crescent: The Geographic Setting….. p. 1 The Mormons Water in Territorial Utah Beyond the Mountains Reclaiming the Desert under Federal Authority Chapter II Water and Statehood…..p. 28 National Irrigation Congress Ceding the Public Lands Statehood Opening the Uintah Indian Reservation Chapter III State Sovereignty v. Federal Necessity…..p. 51 Newlands Reclamation Act Strawberry Valley Project Chapter IV Divide and Share: The Colorado River…..p. 68 League of Southwest Colorado River Compact Mexico and the Colorado River The Arizona Dilemma Boulder Canyon Project Act Chapter V Setting the Stage: Water to the People…..p. 120 Drought and Depression Great Salt Lake Basin Project Provo River Project Moon Lake Project Gooseberry and Emery County Projects Reclamation and WW II Upper Colorado River Basin Compact Central Utah Project (Ultimate Phase) Colorado River Storage Project Act Central Utah Project (Initial Phase) Chapter VI Central Utah Project Proposal: Support and Opposition…..p. 184 Water Conservancy Act District Headquarters Repayment Contract Vernal Unit Jensen Unit National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Sierra Club Lawsuit Duchesne Government Camp Starvation Complex Bottle Hollow Upalco Unit Uintah Unit Ute Indian Unit Chapter VII The Bonneville Unit: "It is all downhill"…..p. 253 Strawberry Complex Enlarged Strawberry Reservoir Layout Creek, Current Creek and Vat Tunnels Stillwater Tunnel and Upper Stillwater Dam Hades and Rhoads Tunnels West Fork Pipeline, Vat Diversion Dam and the 1980 Stream flow Agreement Environmental Reprisals President Carter’s Hit List Chapter VIII Extending the CUP: Municipal and Industrial…..p. 296 Water Treatment Plants Olmsted Tunnel and Flow Line Timpanogos Planning and Water Management Agency Jordanelle Dam Chapter IX Central Utah Completion Act: Conflict Resolution…..p. 339 Supplemental Repayment Contract Congressional Reauthorization Chapter X A New Vision: CUPCA, the CUP, and the CUWCD…..p. 391 Central Utah Water Conservancy District Duchesne River Area Canal Rehabilitation Project Central Utah Project Completion Act Office Partnering with Reclamation Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission Local Cost Share and Prepayment Option Chapter XI An Eye to the Future: Completing the CUP…..p. 428 Uinta Basin Replacement Project Enlargement of Big Sand Wash Reservoir Ute Indian Rights Settlement, Title V Diamond Fork System Stabilization of High Mountain Lakes Provo River Restoration Project (Provo River Delta) Provo River Restoration Project (Middle Provo River) Wasatch County Water Efficiency Project Irrigation and Drainage System (I&D) Local Development Option Water Management Improvement Spanish Fork-Nephi System Utah Lake Drainage Basin Water Delivery System Acknowledgements and Bibliographic Essay A project of this magnitude requires the support and encouragement of many individuals. The entire leadership of the Central Utah Water Conservancy District (CUWCD), especially Don Christiansen and Gene Shawcroft, provided access to the records in their charge, read the manuscript and shared it with their co- workers. Chris Calton is a master archivist and records manager and her willingness to access and share the records at the CUWCD provided a comfort area for research. The CUWCD Board of Directors saw the need for a history and their patience and willingness is also appreciated. Reed R. Murray, Director of the Central Utah Project Completion Act (CUPCA) Office, an Interior Department agency established in 1992 to provide oversight for completing the Central Utah Project, is a walking encyclopedia of information. Through Reed’s connections, the authors recently gained access to the journals and scrapbooks of the late Palmer B. DeLong, erstwhile regional director of the Bureau of Reclamation’s Provo Office. Reed and Gene carefully read several drafts of the manuscript and were exceptional advisors. Their guidance throughout the process made a huge difference in the final product. An important aspect of creating this particular research bibliography is to understand that this is a story of the past and how it relates to the people of a particular geographic place. In combining the people with the past and the place, it is essential to understand how particular entities came together to create a community of water users who developed a system of sharing a scarce resource. It is never easy to relinquish ownership of a treasured commodity (water) for a greater benefit for more people. How and why this happened is discovered by an extensive examination of historical documents. In researching the history of water development in the Western United States, there are an overwhelming number of resources available. Many general histories have been published and some focus on the Colorado River system while others describe and detail other projects that managed the usage of water. The endnotes attached to each chapter illustrate both the variety and amount of secondary sources utilized by the authors. A decision to base this project on original archival research and oral interviews of participants led to the examination and creation of an extremely rich treasure of primary documents, as well. As with secondary sources, each primary source cited is also included at the conclusion of each chapter. The endnotes are annotated with the first citation containing a source’s full description and location. Since its inception in 1964, the CUWCD, or District, has maintained a thorough and comprehensive archive of central Utah water use and development. Combined with the records archived at the CUPCA Office, many of which date from the beginning of the Bureau of Reclamation’s planning of the CUP, these government documents gathered in one locale, made research comparatively accessible. Documents kept and collected on the Central Utah Project by the District and CUPCA Office contributed important primary sources to this volume. Included in these collections are reports, correspondence, agreements, minutes of meetings and a fantastic photographic history of the projects that collectively reshaped Central Utah’s environment. They also provide insights into the long and intriguing relationship among the Ute Tribal Council, the District, local irrigation companies, and the federal and state governments. The distribution of water and water rights is often accompanied by disputes and disagreements, and of course, the summaries of litigation are also found among these documents. As governmental depositories, these archives maintain a tremendous public record that is open for use. Through their acquisition and maintenance of federal and state documents university libraries in the state have added tremendously to our understanding of the CUP These document collections are imperative in understanding the CUP’s transition since 1985. Reports and hearings of congressional committees painstakingly record the testimony of state and local leaders, representatives of the Ute Tribe and federal officials. In 1992, Congress passed the Central Utah Project Completion Act, a document that has since guided the CUP towards its conclusion. Among other things, the Completion Act created the Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission to contend with past environmental mistakes and to make certain that the CUP would continue to comply with all federal mandates. The work of the Mitigation Commission, a five member board appointed by the President of the United States, is administered by a small staff which has eagerly shared their resources regarding recent CUP developments. These include the rehabilitation of the high mountain lakes in both the Uinta and Bonneville basins, the restoration of the middle and lower Provo River, and the on-going effort to reestablish the June sucker to the Utah Lake ecosystem. The state’s university libraries are depositories, as well, for many personal collections of key individuals who participated in the political process that influenced the CUP and the CUWCD. Most senators, representatives, and governors deposited their personal papers either with a university or in the State Archives. Of particular importance are the collections of Senator Arthur V. Watkins (BYU), Representative Wayne Owens (University of Utah), and Representative Gunn McKay (USU). The universities also have supervised a number of theses and dissertations that relate to the project. Adam R. Eastman’s 2006 BYU thesis provided a reliable blueprint for studying the Central Utah Project Completion Act. The State of Utah Archives provided a valuable source to document how state officials responded to the efforts to create a system that enhanced the possibilities for agricultural, industrial, and municipal growth and development. The papers of Representative William Dawson and the gubernatorial papers of George Dern and Henry Blood are especially relevant. These personal collections provide insight into the efforts of Utah’s political leaders to obtain funding for specific aspects of the CUP, and strengthen the partnerships between the seven Colorado River Basin states. Of course, they also chronicle the failures at certain crucial times. Another aspect of university library archival collections is the ongoing effort to provide digital access to important primary sources. Not everything is published in print form, and in recent times many reports and the responses to them are now being produced electronically. The authors