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No. 2 Cause Consideration Prom issory Estoppel 85

C. Explaining the Divergence Between Promissory Estoppel in England and the U.S...... 111 1. Sword and Shield More Fully Defined ...... 111 2. Is the Divergence Narrowed Through Recognition of an Implied Exchange? ...... 112 3. Filling the Gap: English Recognition of Promises Under Deed 115 Conclusion...... 118

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