Chapitre 9 Le Livre Des Pays
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The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’S Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Vol 9 No 6 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Social Sciences November 2018 . Research Article © 2018 Noura Ahmed Hamed Al Harthy. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I Dr. Noura Ahmed Hamed Al Harthy Professor of Islamic History, Vice Dean of Scientific Research, University of Bishe, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Doi: 10.2478/mjss-2018-0163 Abstract The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time. -
"Flower" and "Bird" and the Related Mystical Literature
Science Arena Publications Specialty Journal of Humanities and Cultural Science Available online at www.sciarena.com 2017, Vol, 2 (2): 7-15 Study of "Flower" and "Bird" and the Related Mystical Literature hamideh samenikhah1, Ardeshir Salehpour2 1MA of art research, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran center Branch, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2PhD of art research, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran center Branch, Iran Abstract: In painting and scriptures, patterns and images transfer special meaning to the audience which are known as symbols. Understanding the concepts of such symbols forms a work. As it is known, there is a long- standing link between literature and art. Traditionally, poets or artists use symbols in literature and art to express their purposes. Since the images are the symbols of mystical concepts, it can be said that the painting is directly connected to mysticism. For example, in the paintings and scriptures of flower and bird, flower is the symbol of the beloved and bird is the symbol of lover. The romantic speeches between flower and bird are the symbol of God's praise. Flower and bird paintings are dedicated to Iranian art that refer to four thousand years ago, the companion of plant with bird is originated from the Phoenix myths and the tree of life. Interpretations of flowers and birds in nature are concerned by most poets. Flower and bird are used in the works of the poets, especially those who use the symbol for mystical concepts. The present research which is written in descriptive method aims to study "flower" and "bird" and the mystical literature related to these concepts. -
L'attaque De La Ka'ba Par Les Rois Yéménites Avant L'islam. Aìbar Et
«IL VOULUT DÉTRUIRE LE TEMPLE» L’attaque de la Ka‘ba par les rois yéménites avant l’islam. AÌbar et Histoire PAR ALFRED LOUIS DE PRÉMARE Professeur émérite à l'Université de Provence RÉSUMÉ L’auteur analyse plusieurs récits légendaires arabes et musulmans autour du thème des attaques des rois yéménites (Tubba‘, Abukarib, Abraha) contre la Kaaba à l’époque pré-islamique. Il s’interroge sur la relation entre aÌbar et his- toire, et recherche les sources de ces relations: poésie arabe ancienne reliée à des événements? informations juives sur le Temple de Jérusalem? écrits juifs et Écritures judaïques? Il suggère finalement que ces récits, dans leur forme ac- tuelle, représentent la part islamique à la polémique sectaire générale autour du Temple et de la finalité de l’histoire religieuse. Mots-clés: histoire, Ìabar, Temple, Ka‘ba, Yémen, Qurays. ABSTRACT The author analyses several arabic and islamic tales about the theme of attacks against the Ka‘ba by Yemenite kings in pre-Islamic time (Tubba‘, Abukarib, Abraha). He wonders about what is the relation of aÌbar to history, and searchs for the sources of these tales: ancient arabic poetry linked to events? Jewish in- formations about the Temple of Jerusalem? Judaic written and Scriptures? He finally suggests that the tales, in their present shape, represent the Islamic share in the general and sectarian polemic about the Temple and the aim of the reli- gious history. Key words: history, Ìabar, Temple, Ka‘ba, Yemen, Qurays. Journal Asiatique 288.2 (2000): 261-367 262 A.L. DE PRÉMARE TABLE DES MATIERES Introduction: données historiques et aÌbar I. -
Jewish and Christian Religious Influences on Pre-Islamic Arabia on the Example of the Term RḤMNN ("The Merciful")
ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA CRACOVIENSIA 3 (2011) Krzysztof Kościelniak Jagiellonian University in Krakow Jewish and Christian religious influences on pre-Islamic Arabia on the example of the term RḤMNN (“the Merciful”) The well known epithet, RḤMNN is constantly confirmed in inscriptions particularly from so-called “Late Sabaean Period” (after 380) which were associated with monotheism. In this time Judaism and Christianity attempted to replace the traditional South Arabian religion. In this context RḤMNN was used by polytheists Arabs, Jews and Christians. Raḥmānān’s connection to Arab Paganism Some authors argue that the epithet Raḥmān (“the Merciful”) has any connection to Arab Paganism – especially any connection to a lunar deity. They stress that Raḥmān is only Jewish-Christian origins and usage.1 It is the standard Muslim explanation, does not seem to be relevant for explanation of Raḥmānān’s historical connections with all Semitic world.2 The first know exampleRaḥmān ’ form (rḥmn) is bilingual inscription written in Akkadian and Aramaic which was found in the Tell Fekherye in northeast Syria. This inscription was dedicated to the Aramean god Hadad contenting following sentence: ‘lh. rḥmn zy. tṣlwth. ṭbh “merciful god to whom prayer is sweet.” In the Akkadian version Adad is called by the form rēmēnȗ. It is worth to add that rēmēnȗ was used as the epithet for god Marduk. Raḥmān in 1 Vgl. M. S. M. Saifullah, A. David, Raḥmānān (RḤMNN) – An Ancient South Arabian Moon God? in: http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Sources/Allah/rhmnn.html, quoted: 20.03.2011. 2 Vgl. A. Vargo, Responses to Islamic Awareness: Rahmanan (RHMNN) – An Ancient South Arabian Moon God?, in: http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Saifullah/rahman_av.htm, quoted: 10.04.2011. -
The Story of the Elephant : Surah Al-Feel Pdf Free
THE STORY OF THE ELEPHANT : SURAH AL-FEEL PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Shade 7 Publishing | 26 pages | 01 Jul 2014 | Shade 7 Publishing Limited | 9780957636408 | English | London, United Kingdom The Story of the Elephant : Surah Al-Feel PDF Book Surah Jumuah Ibn Hisham said,. Every nation which assumed the leadership of humanity in any period of history advanced an ideology. So, O my Lord! As next day dawned, Abraha prepared himself, his troops and his elephant, Mahmoud, to enter Mecca. Just wanted to let you know I received the book today in the mail. Is it all the amazing pop-ups and vibrant colours or might it be all my ever-changing special sound effects? However, they continually disagreed about matters, attacked each other, fought each other and warred against each other, until one of them said to the other,. Thanaya marked it as to-read Feb 14, All I have to say Hajera thank you so much for coming into my life and sharing this amazing discovery with my nephews, nieces and I…. They did not achieve any good. This is the reason why they spoke to Abrahah about their camels, and not about the House of Allah. Thus, no stone fell upon the head of any man except that it came out of his behind i. God, then, may destroy the new aggressors who try to persecute His Messenger and suppress His message. Love,love love this book Absolutely stunning-we adore the popups! This Surah, as its name indicates, refers to the well-known historical event that happened in the year of the birth of the holy Prophet S when Allah protected the Ka'aba against the attack of the army of pagans who, riding on the backs of elephants, came from Yemen intending to destroy it. -
Conflict, Community, and Criminality in Southeast Asia and Australia
Conflict, Community, and Criminality in Southeast Asia and Australia CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Assessments from the Field A Report of the CSIS Transnational Threats Project 1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006 editors Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Arnaud de Borchgrave E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org Thomas Sanderson David Gordon foreword Marc Sageman June 2009 ISBN 978-0-89206-583-7 CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & Ë|xHSKITCy065837zv*:+:!:+:! CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Conflict, Community, and Criminality in Southeast Asia and Australia Assessments from the Field A Report of the CSIS Transnational Threats Project editors Arnaud de Borchgrave Thomas Sanderson David Gordon foreword Marc Sageman June 2009 About CSIS In an era of ever-changing global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmakers. CSIS conducts research and analysis and develops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS was dedicated to the simple but urgent goal of finding ways for America to survive as a nation and prosper as a people. Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent public policy institutions. Today, CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, DC. More than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focus their expertise on defense and security; on the world’s regions and the unique challenges inherent to them; and on the issues that know no boundary in an increasingly connected world. -
Shlomo Sand: the Invention of the Jewish People (2009)
The Invention of the Jewish People The Invention of the Jewish People Shlomo Sand Translated by Yael Lotan VERSO London • New York English edition published by Verso 2009 © Verso 2009 Translation © Yael Lotan First published as Matai ve'ekh humtza ha'am hayehudi? [When and How Was the Jewish People Invented?] © Resling 2008 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 11201 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-422-0 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Typeset by Hewer Text UK Ltd, Edinburgh Printed in the US by Maple Vail To the memory of the refugees who reached this soil and those who were forced to leave it. Contents PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE EDITION ÎX INTRODUCTION: BURDENS OF MEMORY 1 Identity in Movement 1 Constructed Memories 14 1. MAKING NATIONS: SOVEREIGNTY AND EQUALITY 23 Lexicon: "People" and Ethnos 24 The Nation: Boundaries and Definitions 31 From Ideology to Identity 39 From Ethnic Myth to Civil Imaginary 45 The Intellectual as the Nations "Prince" 54 2. MYTHISTORY: IN THE BEGINNING, GOD CREATED THE PEOPLE 64 The Early Shaping of Jewish History 65 The Old Testament as Mythistory 71 Race and Nation 78 A Historians' Dispute 81 A Protonationalist View from the East 87 An Ethnicist Stage in the West 95 The First Steps of Historiography in Zion 100 Politics and Archaeology 107 The Earth Rebels against Mythistory 115 The Bible as Metaphor 123 3. -
Covid-19, Islamic Civil Society and State Capacity in Indonesia
ISSUE: 2020 No. 39 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ANALYSE CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 5 May 2020 Covid-19, Islamic Civil Society and State Capacity in Indonesia Syafiq Hasyim* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Islamic civil society organizations (ormas) should be able to play an important role in fighting COVID-19 because a large majority in the Muslim community do refer to their judgements and opinions. • While the narrative on COVID-19 among Indonesian Muslims is diverse, they generally agree that the pandemic is dangerous. In this context, mainstream Islamic organisations like the Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah and Majelis Ulama Indonesia have adopted a rational pragmatic approach in telling their followers to obey the authorities` guidelines on social distancing. • However, some Islamic teachers have complicated the situation with their conspiracy theories, including the notion that Covid-19 was a Zionist or Christian imperialist tool. • Ultimately, the efficacy of Islamic civil society organizations was severely limited by the Indonesian state’s weak capacity to act on the issue. *Syafiq Hasyim is Lecturer at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta and Visiting Fellow at the Indonesia Studies Programme, ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. 1 ISSUE: 2020 No. 39 ISSN 2335-6677 INTRODUCTION While COVID-19 had been hitting many countries in the Asia Pacific region since January 2020, it was only on 2 March that President Jokowi Widodo announced Indonesia’s first case. The delay in the government’s announcement demonstrates the country’s complex religious, social and political configuration. On the one hand, it showed the government’s unreadiness; and on the other hand, the panic within society, with unhelpful responses by the religious elite in the country worsening the situation. -
The Year of the Elephant 1 John S. Marr, Elias J. Hubbard, John T
1 The Year of the Elephant! 2 John S. Marr, Elias J. Hubbard, John T. Cathey 3 John S. Marr, MD, MPH, formerly Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health 4 Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA 5 Elias J. Hubbard, Student, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA 6 !John Cathey, MS, formerly Senior Editor, Annals of Saudi Medicine, Banglamung, Chon 7 Buri, Thailand 8 Based on historical interpretations of the Surat̄ al-Fil̄ , the 105th Meccan sura of the 9 Qur’an, an epidemic occurred near Mecca circa 570 C.E. (common era), the Year of the 10 Elephant in Islamic history. The five verses of the Sura are thought to be an allegorical 11 description of the “elephant war epidemic,” so named because invading Axumite 12 (Ethiopian) forces from present-day Yemen included one or more war elephants. The 13 elephants refused to enter the city, causing the Axumites to halt the attack. Interpreted 14 literally, divine intervention defeated the invaders by sending a flock of birds (ababil) 15 that dropped pellets—a possible allusion to pustules—onto the Axumites, maiming them, 16 and ending the siege of the city. Early historians described the signs and symptoms and 17 thought they were allegorical for either a smallpox or measles epidemic; available 18 descriptions favor smallpox. The residents of Mecca were spared. Descriptions of the 19 birds and use of the term ababil for birds are consistent with barn swallows (Hirundo 20 rustica, subspecies transitiva), which collect clay pellets to make nests. They are attracted 21 to flies following domestic animals. -
And Paul on Jesus: a Comparative Study of Two Sacred Pillars
2019 West East Journal of Social Sciences- Volume 8 MUHAMMAD(S) AND PAUL ON JESUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO SACRED PILLARS Keyhanee Mousa Alphacrucis College-Sydney Australia Abstract This comparative study of Islam and Christianity struggled to reveal the mutual meaningful expressions of God, the creator. The main question to which the article tried to answer is: Who is Jesus Christ for Paul and Muhammad(s)? The significance of countering to this question is being revealed much more through the contemporary issues of hate, and delusions that are influencing all believers in one God. Questioning the human nature and the Lordship of Christ looks like a barrier in dialogues between Islam and Christianity. So, as its primary purpose, Jesus, as the Lord from Paul’s perspective and Isa al-Masih, the son of Maryam from Muhammad’s(s) viewpoint, will be compared through different methods. Like the spiritual interpretation of Joel S. Goldsmith, in which the monotheistic presupposition (worshipping only one God), will implant the axial direction of the examination of the Bible and the Quran. Moreover, through historical criticism, the article will try to clarify the origins of faith in Pauline Christology compare to the doctrine of Tawhid from the Quran and the origin of the Quranic accounts of Christ. Also, through a feminist analysis, the essay will have a critical look at maleness of titles of God in Christianity. In this way, the historical analysis will display the urge of accepting the Quran as the Incarnated word of God for Islam and the importance of Paul as the best witness for Christ. -
The Study of Quran's Intertexuality in Fadwa Touqan's Poems
23069 Zeynolabedin Faramarzi and Nasser Ghasemi Rozveh/ Elixir Literature 69 (2014) 23069-23072 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Literature Elixir Literature 69 (2014) 23069-23072 The study of Quran’s intertexuality in Fadwa Touqan’s poems Zeynolabedin Faramarzi 1 and Nasser Ghasemi Rozveh 2 1Arabic Language and Literature, Gonbad University, Iran. 2Arabic Language and Literature, Tehran University, Iran. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: “Intertextuality” means “the relationship between texts with its previous or contemporary Received: 24 February 2014; texts”. The theory was artily presented by “Julia Kristeva” in the early 60s of 20 th century Received in revised form: which is welcomed by many writers and poets. Poets of intifada are such poets who arise for 29 March 2014; this important thing with expressing the excellent human goals and to present the oppression Accepted: 7 April 2014; of the Palestinian people.this new skill has been used in the peoms of Intifada variously. Fadva Touqan is one of the peots who used this skill in his poems .this article is going to Keywords study some samples of various types of intertexuality in Fadva Touqan’s peopms then to Quran, (explain) his poems and religious point of veiw through the intertexual function. Intertexuality, © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved Poem, Fadwa Touqan. Introduction received schooling until age 13 when she was forced to quit Intif āḍah movement in literature creates a large part of school at a young age due to illness. Ibrahim Touqan, took literary works which show the Palestinian resistance against the responsibility of educating Fadw he gave her sister books to Israeli forces. -
The Moslem World: Theoretical and Philosophical Problems
2020.02.003 102 THE MOSLEM WORLD: THEORETICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS ARIF ALIEV. IN SEARCH OF THE NATIVITY OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD∗ // The article was written for the bulletin “Russia and the Moslem World.” Keywords: the PROPHET MUHAMMAD, Qusayy ibn Kilab, the Meccan temple of Kaaba, “year of the elephant,” al-Fijar war period, a unified chronology, the Moslem calendar. Arif Aliev, DSc(History) INION RAN Citation: Aliev A. In Search of the Nativity of the Prophet Muhammad. “Secrets of the Family of the Prophet Muhammad” // Russia and the Moslem World, 2020, No. 2 (308), P. 102–113. DOI: 10.31249/rmw/2020.02.06 From the time of the pre-Islamic “ignorance” (jahiliya) until the introduction of the Moslem calendar, the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula counted time from memorable days that reflected various significant events. The representatives of the Quraysh, the tribe that inhabited Mecca and its environs, to which the prophet Muhammad belonged, were no exception. During his lifetime, such events included, in particular: ∗ Written on “Prologue” to “Secrets of the Family of the Prophet Muhammad.” Moscow, 2020, p. 8-20. 2020.02.003 103 – the year of death of the ancestor Qusayy ibn Kilab (the first historically reliable person in the Quraysh genealogy), - “year of the elephant”, – al-Fijar war period, – the year of the rebuilding of the Meccan temple of Kaaba. Later dating, which takes the date of the migration (Hijra(h) of the first Moslems from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in 622 as the beginning of the counting of years, was probably carried out by lunar months (12 lunar months were 354 days) without correction inserts prohibited in the Quran.