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THEPHYSIOLOGIST Book Reviews Evolution and Medicine Robert L. Perlman relevant to genomic change as well as to the subsequent Cary, NC: Oxford Univ. Press, July 24, 2013, 200 p., $44.95 immense. In a recent article in Experimental Physiology ISBN: 987-0-19-966172-5 (http://ep.physoc.org/content/98/8/1235.full.pdf+html), I wrote, “It is hard to think of a more fundamental change Robert Perlman begins his lovely and highly welcome for physiology and for the conceptual foundations of book by observing that Charles Darwin’s family was biology in general.” The change has raised so many a family of physicians. Charles himself also studied questions that I have posted a whole webpage of answers medicine, although he was never a practitioner. To this (). I can add that the inventer of the term neo-Darwinism in 1883 was a physiologist, George Romanes. Charles Perlman’s book brings an important dimension to Darwin, T. H. Huxley, and many other leading biologists this debate, which is that the implications for the were members of the early Physiological Society. It understanding of medicine are important. His chapters would have seemed perfectly natural to 19th-century on aging, cancer, host-pathogen coevolution, sexually physiologists that function and evolution were related transmitted diseases, malaria, gene-culture evolution, in a two-way process. Then came the Weismann barrier, and man-made diseases are full of insights. The cover blurb refers to “an anticipated expansion in seminars outside world,” later reinforced by the Central Dogma and in undergraduate and continuing education courses of Molecular Biology. All of this was popularised in The on this topic.” I agree. Physiology needs to return to Medicine and evolution became divorced its 19th-century roots in which there was no divorce through the assumption that function never determines between physiology and evolutionary biology. genetic change and cannot therefore be the driving force in evolution. The process became one-way only: are ~12 references in The Origin of Species to the inheritance mutations, followed by natural selection. of acquired characteristics. He even fulsomely praised Lamarck in the 4th edition (1866) of his book as “this Epigenetics is now driving a whole cavalcade of coaches justly celebrated naturalist . who upholds the doctrine and horses through the Weismann barrier. As Perlman that all species, including man, are descended from notes, “Many epigenetic marks are removed during other species.” It is through epigenetics that Lamarck’s the formation of germ cells, but some remain” (p. 38). ideas are returning to mainstream physiology. Through that crack, which has now opened up to be a Denis Noble regarded as impossible are returning into biological Balliol College, Oxford University, UK research. The consequence is that function could be Vol. 57/No. 2 | March 2014 • 105.

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GENIUS, WOMANHOOD AND THE STATISTICAL IMAGINARY: 1890s HEREDITY THEORY IN THE BRITISH SOCIAL NOVEL by ZOE GRAY BEAVIS B.A. Hons., La Trobe University, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (English) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) October 2014 © Zoe Gray Beavis, 2014 Abstract The central argument of this thesis is that several tropes or motifs exist in social novels of the 1890s which connect them with each other in a genre, and which indicate a significant literary preoccupation with contemporary heredity theory. These tropes include sibling and twin comparison stories, the woman musician’s conflict between professionalism and domesticity, and speculation about biparental inheritance. The particulars of heredity theory with which these novels engage are consistent with the writings of Francis Galton, specifically on hereditary genius and regression theory, sibling and twin biometry, and theoretical population studies. Concurrent with the curiosity of novelists about science, was the anxiety of scientists about discursive linguistic sharing. In the thesis, I illuminate moments when science writers (Galton, August Weismann, William Bates, and Karl Pearson) acknowledged the literary process and the reading audience. I have structured the thesis around the chronological appearance of heredity themes in 1890s social novels, because I am arguing for the existence of a broader cultural curiosity about heredity themes, irrespective of authors’ primary engagement with scientific texts. Finally, I introduce the statistical imaginary as a framework for understanding human difference through populations and time, as evidenced by the construction of theoretical population samples – communities, crowds, and peer groups – in 1890s social fictions.
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Epigenetics Landscape (Fig
© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2015) 218, 816-818 doi:10.1242/jeb.120071 CLASSICS Conrad Waddington and ‘decisions’ that could be represented as exploited plasticity that is already ‘valleys’ and ‘forks’ in a developmental present in the population. That strongly the origin of epigenetics landscape (Fig. 1). He knew from his suggests that all the alleles (gene developmental studies that embryo fruit variants) necessary for the inheritance of flies could be persuaded to show different the characteristic were already present in thorax and wing structures, simply by the population, but not initially in any changing the environmental temperature or particular individuals in the correct by a chemical stimulus. In his landscape combination. The experiment simply diagram, this could be represented as a brings them together. This is a small manipulation in slope that would lead modification of the pattern of the genome to one channel in the landscape being in response to the environmental change, favoured over another, so that the adult but not in a way that requires any new could show a different phenotype starting mutations. I came to this conclusion from the same genotype. before reading Waddington’s (1957) Epigenetics book, The Strategy of the Genes. But it is Denis Noble discusses Conrad The next step in his experiment was to in fact one of Waddington’s own ideas! Waddington’s classic paper, ‘The genetic select for and breed from the animals that He writes ‘There is no … reason which ’ assimilation of the bithorax phenotype , displayed the new characteristic.
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Daniel C. Dennett
KINDS OF MINDS Toward an Understanding of Consciousness DANIEL C. DENNETT A Member of the Perseus Books Group -iii- The Science Masters Series is a global publishing venture consisting of original science books written by leading scientists and published by a worldwide team of twenty-six publishers assembled by John Brockman. The series was conceived by Anthony Cheetham of Orion Publishers and John Brockman of Brockman Inc., a New York literary agency, and developed in coordination with BasicBooks. The Science Masters name and marks are owned by and licensed to the publisher by Brockman Inc. Copyright © 1996 by Daniel Dennett. Published by BasicBooks A Member of the Perseus Books Group All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address Basic Books, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022-5299. Designed by Joan Greenfield ISBN 0-465-07351-4 (pbk.) 99 00 01 ❖/RRD 10 9 8 7 6 5 -iv- CONTENTS Preface vii 1 What Kinds of Minds Are There? 1 Knowing Your Own Mind 1 We Mind-Havers, We Minders 3 Words and Minds 8 The Problem of Incommunicative Minds 12 2 Intentionality: The Intentional Systems Approach 19 Simple Beginnings: The Birth of Agency 19 Adopting the Intentional Stance 27 The Misguided Goal of Propositional Precision 41 Original and Derived Intentionality 50 3 The Body and Its Minds 57 From Sensitivity to Sentience? 57 The
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Service History July 2012 AGM - September 2018 AGM
Service History July 2012 AGM - September 2018 AGM The information in this Service History is true and complete to the best of The Society’s knowledge. If you are aware of any errors please let the Governance and Risk Manager know by email: [email protected] Service History Index DATES PAGE # 5 July 2012 – 24 July 2013 Page 1 24 July 2013 – 1 July 2014 Page 14 1 July 2014 – 7 July 2015 Page 28 7 July 2015 – 31 July 2016 Page 42 31 July 2016 – 12 July 2017 Page 60 12 July 2017 – 16 September 2018 Page 82 Service History: July 2012 AGM – Sept 2018 AGM Introduction Up until 2006 the service history of The Society’s members was captured in Grey Books. It was also documented between 1990-2013 in The Society’s old database iMIS, which will be migrated to the CRM member directory adopted in 2016. This document collates missing service history data from July 2012 to September 2018. Grey Books were relaunched as ‘Grey Records’ in 2019 beginning with the period from the September AGM 2018 up until July AGM 2019. There will now be a Grey Record published every year reflecting the previous year’s service history. The Grey Record will now showcase service history from Member Forum to Member Forum (typically held in the Winter). 5 July 2012 – 24 July 2013 Honorary Officers (and Trustees) POSITION NAME President Jonathan Ashmore Deputy President Richard Vaughan-Jones Honorary Treasurer Rod Dimaline Education & Outreach Committee Chair Blair Grubb Meetings Committee Chair David Wyllie Policy Committee Chair Mary Morrell Membership & Grants Committee
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Can Systems Medicine Integrate Scientific and Humanistic
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE bs_bs_banner provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice ISSN 1365-2753 Getting personal: can systems medicine integrate scientiﬁc and humanistic conceptions of the patient? Henrik Vogt MD,1 Elling Ulvestad MD Dr Med,3,4 Thor Eirik Eriksen Cand Polit5,6 and Linn Getz MD PhD2 1PhD Candidate, 2Professor, General Practice Research Unit, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway 3Professor, Department of Microbiology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway 4Professor, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 5PhD Candidate, Department of Work and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway 6Senior Advisor, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, Department of Philosophy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Keywords Abstract agency, biopsychosocial medicine, downward causation, emergence, Rationale, aims and objectives The practicing doctor, and most obviously the primary experience, free will, general practice, care clinician who encounters the full complexity of patients, faces several fundamental but generalism, holism, humanistic medicine, intrinsically related theoretical and practical challenges – strongly actualized by so-called intentionality, medically unexplained medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and multi-morbidity. Systems medicine, which is symptoms, mind-body problem, the emerging application of systems biology to medicine and a merger of molecular multi-morbidity, narrative medicine, biomedicine, systems theory and mathematical modelling, has recently been proposed as a ontology, patient-centred medicine, primary care-centered strategy for medicine that promises to meet these challenges.
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Obituary Notice
Obituary Notice Susan Noble 1940-2015 Susan Noble, who died on October 4th 2015 at the funding for graduate work and provided space in age of 75, had worked for many years in the Oxford a corner of her own lab. Here Susan worked with cardiac group led by her husband, Denis. others (Hilary Brown, Anne Clark and Wayne Giles) investigating the membrane currents in strips of Susan’s parents were both schoolteachers (of frog atrial muscle voltage clamped using the double mathematics) and she was the eldest of their three sucrose gap technique. Of particular interest was children. Although always keenly interested in the the induced pacemaking that resulted from applying arts, the theatre and literature, she specialized in steady depolarizing currents to atrial muscle. This science at school. In 1959 she was accepted at type of pacemaking was shown to depend on the Somerville College, Oxford, to read for a degree in decay of outward potassium currents, though in Physiology. After two years of the course, however, multicellular preparations things are complicated by she became ill and had to withdraw from Oxford. slow current changes caused by the accumulation of potassium ions in extracellular spaces. On recovery, she completed her undergraduate studies at University College London. Shortly In 1972, Susan was awarded her D.Phil. for a thesis after she graduated, she and Denis Noble were entitled ‘Membrane currents in frog atrial muscle’. married and in 1965, when Denis was appointed She went on to study potassium ion accumulation to a University Lectureship in Physiology and in detail (Noble, S.J.
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Editor Denis Noble Publishing Editor Tim Holt
RSFS_4_5_Cover_RSFS_4_5_Cover 13/08/14 7:03 PM Page 2 GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS Selection criteria Articles Editor The criteria for selection for both theme issues and their constituent Articles are contributions containing original scientific research. articles are scientific excellence, originality and interest across the Denis Noble physical sciences / life sciences interface. The Editor is responsible Reports Publishing Editor for all editorial decisions, in part based on the reports received from Reports are short, letter-style contributions which are published the referees. Many more good proposals and articles are submitted rapidly. Preliminary and more speculative work of high quality is Tim Holt to us than we have space to print; we give preference to those that strongly encouraged. are of broad interest and of high scientific quality. Reviews Editorial Board Reviews are articles of the highest quality and aim to be of interest Publishing format to communities working at the physical sciences / life sciences Along with all Royal Society journals, we are committed to archiving Denis Noble – Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford interface. Reviews cover the latest developments in an area of cross- and providing perpetual access. The journal also offers the facility for disciplinary research. They put such research into a broader context including Electronic Supplementary Material to papers free of charge. Fraser A. Armstrong – Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford and are written in a style that makes them accessible to readers in a Sheng He – Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences wide range of disciplines. Complete literature surveys are not Conditions of publication Clemens Kaminski – Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge encouraged.
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Evolution by Natural Selection
Approaches to studying animal behavior Foundations of modern study of behavior 1. Evolution by natural selection 2. Genetics and inheritance 3. Comparative method Evolution by natural selection Evolution by natural selection Species are not immutable Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913) Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Contributions to the Theory Origin of Species, 1859 of Natural Selection, 1870 Descent of Man, 1871 Thomas Malthus Descent from a common ancestor Evolution by natural selection Comparative method Reasons why Darwin‟s (and Wallace‟s) ideas weren‟t widely accepted: Comparative method: comparing traits and environments across taxa in search of correlations Lord Kelvin: Earth is only 15-20 million years old that test hypotheses about adaptation Darwin had no idea where genetic variability came from Thomas Hunt Morgan Darwin didn‟t George Romanes understand inheritance (1848-1894) Gregor Mendel 1 Ethology Ethology Scientific study of animal behavior Oskar Heinroth (1871-1945) Charles Otis Whitman (1842-1910) Appetitive behavior Wallace Craig (1876-1954) Douglas Spalding (1841-1877) tests the concept of instinct Consummatory behavior Rise of ethology Experimental ethology Karl von Frisch (1886-1982) Jakob von Uexkϋll (1864-1944) von Uexkϋll‟s tick and the Umwelt Ethology’s triumvirate Ethology’s triumvirate Konrad Lorenz Niko Tinbergen Karl von Frisch (1903-1989) (1907-1988) (1886-1982) 2 Sign stimuli Sign stimuli Lorenz‟s accidental discovery of sign stimuli or releasers Experimental ethology Experimental ethology Tinbergen‟s experiments
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Psychology Old and New
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons IRCS Technical Reports Series Institute for Research in Cognitive Science 1-1-2001 Psychology Old and New Gary Hatfield University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports Part of the Psychology Commons Hatfield, Gary, "Psychology Old and New" (2001). IRCS Technical Reports Series. 23. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/23 University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-01-07. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/23 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Psychology Old and New Abstract Psychology as the study of mind was an established subject matter throughout the nineteenth century in Britain, Germany, France, and the United States, taught in colleges and universities and made the subject of books and treatises. During the period 1870-1914 this existing discipline of psychology was being transformed into a new, experimental science, especially in Germany and the United States. The increase in experimentation changed the body of psychological writing, although there remained considerable continuity in theoretical content and non-experimental methodology between the old and new psychologies. This paper follows the emergence of the new psychology out of the old in the national traditions of Britain (primarily England), Germany, and the United States, with some reference to French, Belgian, Austrian, and Italian thinkers. The final section considers some methodological and philosophical issues in these literatures. Disciplines Psychology Comments University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-01-07.
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Embodied Selves an ANTHOLOGY of PSYCHOLOGICAL TEXTS 1830-1890
Embodied Selves AN ANTHOLOGY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TEXTS 1830-1890 Edited by Jenny Bourne Taylor and Sally Shuttleworth CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD Contents introduction Xlll List of Illustrations xix Section I. Reading the Mind 1 Introduction 3 1. PHYSIOGNOMY 8 JOHN CASPAR LAVATER On physiognomy 8 JOHN CONOLLY The physiognomy of insanity 18 CHARLES DICKENS Our next-door neighbour 22 2. PHRENOLOGY 25 FRANZ JOSEPH GALL On the functions ofthe brain 25 GEORGE COMBE A system of phrenology 29 GEORGE COMBE The constitution of man 29 CHARLOTTE BRONTE The professor 40 GEORGE COMBE Phrenology and education 41 ANDREW COMBE Observations on mental derangement 42 ANON. Applications of phrenology 44 PAUL PRENDERGAST A 'page' of phrenology 45 ANON. The dispositions of nations 46 3. MESMERISM 49 W. C. ENGLEDUE A letter from Dr Elliotson 49 CHAUNCY HARE TOWNSHEND Mesmeric sleepwaking 51 HARRIET MARTINEAU The healing power of mesmerism 53 ANON. Electro-biology 57 ANON. What is mesmerism? 58 JAMES BRAID Hypnotism 59 WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER Mesmerism, scientifically considered 63 Section IL The Unconscious Mind and the Workings of Memory 65 Introduction 67 VII CONTENTS 1. ASSOCIATIONISM AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 73 SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE A critique of Hartley's associationism 73 JOHN ABERCROMBIE Philosophical, local, and arbitrary association 76 WILLIAM HAMILTON Three degrees of mental latency 80 HERBERT SPENCER On consciousness and the will 83 GEORGE HENRY LEWES Feeling and thinking 87 GEORGE HENRY LEWES Psychological principles 89 ENEAS SWEETLAND DALLAS On imagination 91 FRANCES POWER COBBE On unconscious cerebration 93 WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER The power ofthe will over mental action 95 2. DREAMS 102 ROBERT MACNiSH The prophetic character of dreams, and nightmare 102 HENRY HOLLAND On sleep, and the relations of dreaming and insanity 106 GEORGE HENRY LEWES A theory of dreaming 110 FRANCES POWER COBBE Dreams as an illustration of involuntary cerebration 113 JAMES SULLY The dream as a revelation 115 3.
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William Bateson: a Biologist Ahead of His Time
Ó Indian Academy of Sciences PERSPECTIVES William Bateson: a biologist ahead of his time PATRICK BATESON* Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge CB3 8AA, UK William Bateson coined the term genetics and, more than son in a letter to Adam Sedgwick in 1905 when he hoped anybody else, championed the principles of heredity dis- to be appointed to a new chair (B. Bateson 1928). covered by Gregor Mendel. Nevertheless, his reputation William Bateson was the most vigorous promoter of is soured by the positions he took about the discontinui- Mendel’s ideas at the beginning of the twentieth century ties in inheritance that might precede formation of a new and effectively launched the modern subject of genetics. species and by his reluctance to accept, in its full- Historians of biology acknowledge the importance of this blooded form, the view of chromosomes as the control- contribution but criticise his ideas on sudden changes in lers of individual development. Growing evidence sug- evolution leading to the origin of new species and his gests that both of these positions have been vindicated. questioning of the role of chromosomes (Mayr 1982). In New species are now thought to arise as the result of this article I re-examine these criticisms of Bateson in the genetic interactions, chromosomal rearrangements, or light of modern advances in biology. both, that render hybrids less viable or sterile. Chromo- Bateson was born on 8 August 1861. He was raised in somes are the sites of genes but genes move between a comfortable home and had an eminent father who was chromosomes much more readily than had been previ- for 24 years Master of St John’s College, Cambridge.
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Deconstruction, Theoretical Biology, and the Creative Universe As We H
Chapter Three--1 Chapter Three “There Is No World”: Deconstruction, Theoretical Biology, and the Creative Universe As we have noted in the previous two chapters, much ink has been spilled on questions of “epistemology” and “phenomenology” in relation to Stevens’ poetry and poetics. In the next two chapters—and in this one in particular--I want to lay the foundations for what would be, in a different context, an extensive undertaking: to show how the epistemological and phenomenological questions in Stevens’ poetry are actually better understood if they are reframed in terms of a reconceptualization of ecological poetics that is available to us by means of a cross-conjugation of theoretical biology and post- structuralist thought (my example will be deconstruction, though it need not be limited to that in the larger project to which I have just gestured). The emphasis here, as I have already insisted, is a non- representationalist understanding of poeisis: whether we are talking about the poiesis of “life” and the evolution of the biosphere in theoretical biology, or the poiesis of worlding and world-making in deconstruction, or the poiesis of Stevens’ poetic practice. Part of my motivation is that deconstruction has been considered less relevant than other approaches to the kinds of questions around “life” and ecology that I will be pursuing. Martin Hägglund has noted, for example, that “the revival of `life’ as a central category during the last decade of continental philosophy” has led to the downgrading of deconstruction “in the name
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