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Sulphonmethane, Sulphonal, Diethylsulpho
is a combination of amylene hydrate and chloral hydrate, superior to the corresponding compounds of other elements. while chloralose, a combination of chloral hydrate and glucose, Experience has shown that, in the main, these claims were un- partakes of the action of morphin and is rather expensive. founded, though many, even now, claim that strontium bro- Chloretone, a more recent product, is not entirely devoid of mid disturbs the stomach less than the corresponding sodium danger and is not always so certain in its action as chloral or potassium salt. Another claim that is frequently made by hydrate, while butyl chloral hydrate, or crotón chloral hydrate, manufacturers of nostrums, like "Peacock's Bromides," is that is one of the older compounds that has been found wanting and they use "chemically pure" salts. Exactly what is meant by is now little used. Of the official compounds of this group we this claim is difficult to say, but the Pharmacopeia gives us a have: number of readily applied tests by which the salts themselves Chloralamid and Paraldehyd. may be tested. The manufacturers of nostrums, on the other Chlobalformamidum.—TJ. S.—Chloralformamid. Chlorala- hand, not infrequently add the very substances that are consid- mid. This has practically the same action as therapeutic ered contaminations. doses of chloral hydrate, the latter being formed in the body by {To be continued.) decomposition of chloralformamid. Average dose: 1 gm. (15 grains). Paraldehtdum.—TJ. S.—Paraldehyd is slower in its action transparent liquid, slower in its action than chloral hydrate, but also safer. It has the disadvantage of a persistently dis- A NEW NEEDLE HOLDER. -
Campro Catalog Stable Isotope
Introduction & Welcome Dear Valued Customer, We are pleased to present to you our Stable Isotopes Catalog which contains more than three thousand (3000) high quality labeled compounds. You will find new additions that are beneficial for your research. Campro Scientific is proud to work together with Isotec, Inc. for the distribution and marketing of their stable isotopes. We have been working with Isotec for more than twenty years and know that their products meet the highest standard. Campro Scientific was founded in 1981 and we provide services to some of the most prestigious universities, research institutes and laboratories throughout Europe. We are a research-oriented company specialized in supporting the requirements of the scientific community. We are the exclusive distributor of some of the world’s leading producers of research chemicals, radioisotopes, stable isotopes and environmental standards. We understand the requirements of our customers, and work every day to fulfill them. In working with us you are guaranteed to receive: - Excellent customer service - High quality products - Dependable service - Efficient distribution The highly educated staff at Campro’s headquarters and sales office is ready to assist you with your questions and product requirements. Feel free to call us at any time. Sincerely, Dr. Ahmad Rajabi General Manager 180/280 = unlabeled 185/285 = 15N labeled 181/281 = double labeled (13C+15N, 13C+D, 15N+18O etc.) 186/286 = 12C labeled 182/282 = d labeled 187/287 = 17O labeled 183/283 = 13C labeleld 188/288 = 18O labeled 184/284 = 16O labeled, 14N labeled 189/289 = Noble Gases Table of Contents Ordering Information.................................................................................................. page 4 - 5 Packaging Information .............................................................................................. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig. -
Effect of Repeated Gaboxadol Administration on Night Sleep and Next-Day Performance in Healthy Elderly Subjects
Neuropsychopharmacology (2005) 30, 833–841 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/05 $30.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Effect of Repeated Gaboxadol Administration on Night Sleep and Next-Day Performance in Healthy Elderly Subjects 1 2 ,3 1 Stefan Mathias , Josef Zihl , Axel Steiger* and Marike Lancel 1Section of Sleep Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; 2Section of Neuropsychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; 3Department of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Aging is associated with dramatic reductions in sleep continuity and sleep intensity. Since gaboxadol, a selective GABAA receptor agonist, has been demonstrated to improve sleep consolidation and promote deep sleep, it may be an effective hypnotic, particularly for elderly patients with insomnia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of subchronic gaboxadol administration on nocturnal sleep and its residual effects during the next days in elderly subjects. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced crossover study in 10 healthy elderly subjects without sleep complaints. The subjects were administered either placebo or 15 mg gaboxadol hydrochloride at bedtime on three consecutive nights. Sleep was recorded during each night from 2300 to 0700 h and tests assessing attention (target detection, stroop test) and memory function (visual form recognition, immediate word recall, digit span) were applied at 0900, 1400, and 1700 h during the following days. Compared with placebo, gaboxadol significantly shortened subjective sleep onset latency and increased self-rated sleep intensity and quality. Polysomnographic recordings showed that it significantly decreased the number of awakenings, the amount of intermittent wakefulness, and stage 1, and increased slow wave sleep and stage 2. -
GABA Receptors
D Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews Review No.7 / 1-2011 GABA receptors Wolfgang Froestl , CNS & Chemistry Expert, AC Immune SA, PSE Building B - EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Phone: +41 21 693 91 43, FAX: +41 21 693 91 20, E-mail: [email protected] GABA Activation of the GABA A receptor leads to an influx of chloride GABA ( -aminobutyric acid; Figure 1) is the most important and ions and to a hyperpolarization of the membrane. 16 subunits with γ most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian molecular weights between 50 and 65 kD have been identified brain 1,2 , where it was first discovered in 1950 3-5 . It is a small achiral so far, 6 subunits, 3 subunits, 3 subunits, and the , , α β γ δ ε θ molecule with molecular weight of 103 g/mol and high water solu - and subunits 8,9 . π bility. At 25°C one gram of water can dissolve 1.3 grams of GABA. 2 Such a hydrophilic molecule (log P = -2.13, PSA = 63.3 Å ) cannot In the meantime all GABA A receptor binding sites have been eluci - cross the blood brain barrier. It is produced in the brain by decarb- dated in great detail. The GABA site is located at the interface oxylation of L-glutamic acid by the enzyme glutamic acid decarb- between and subunits. Benzodiazepines interact with subunit α β oxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15). It is a neutral amino acid with pK = combinations ( ) ( ) , which is the most abundant combi - 1 α1 2 β2 2 γ2 4.23 and pK = 10.43. -
Calcium Channel Blocker As a Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Generalised Epilepsies
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Calcium channel blocker as a drug candidate for the treatment of generalised epilepsies Final degree project Author: Janire Sanz Sevilla Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy Primary field: Organic Chemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Secondary field: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Molecular Biology March 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license ABBREVIATIONS AED antiepileptic drug AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid ANNA-1 antineuronal nuclear antibody 1 BBB blood-brain barrier Bn benzyl BnBr benzyl bromide BnNCO benzyl isocyanate Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl Bu4NBr tetrabutylammonium bromide Ca+2 calcium ion CACNA1 calcium channel voltage-dependent gene cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate CCB calcium channel blocker cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate CH3CN acetonitrile Cl- chlorine ion Cmax maximum concentration CMV cytomegalovirus CTScan computed axial tomography DCM dichloromethane DIPEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine DMF dimethylformamide DMPK drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics DNET dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours EEG electroencephalogram EPSP excitatory post-synaptic potential FDA food and drug administration Fe iron FLIPR fluorescence imaging plate reader fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging GABA γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyric acid GAD65 glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 GAERS generalised absence epilepsy rat of Strasbourg GluR5 kainate receptor GTC generalised tonic-clonic H+ hydrogen ion H2 hydrogen H2O dihydrogen dioxide (water) -
Gaboxadol Normalizes Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 25 June 2019 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00141 Gaboxadol Normalizes Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome Patricia Cogram 1,2,3,4, Robert M. J. Deacon 1,2,3,4, Jennifer L. Warner-Schmidt 5, Melanie J. von Schimmelmann 6, Brett S. Abrahams 6,7 and Matthew J. During 6,8* 1FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA Research Foundation, Boston, MA, United States, 2Centre for Systems Biotechnology, Biomedicine Division, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Santiago, Chile, 3GEN.DDI Limited, London, United Kingdom, 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, 5NeuroJenic Consulting, LLC, Garden City, NY, United States, 6Ovid Therapeutics, New York, NY, United States, 7Department of Genetics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States, 8Department of Neurological Surgery and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and autism. FXS is also accompanied by attention problems, hyperactivity, anxiety, aggression, poor sleep, repetitive behaviors, and self-injury. Recent work supports the role of g-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, in mediating symptoms of FXS. Deficits in GABA machinery have been observed in a mouse model of FXS, including a loss of tonic inhibition in the amygdala, which is Edited by: Martine Ammassari-Teule, mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Humans with FXS also show reduced Italian National Research Council GABAA receptor availability. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of gaboxadol (CNR), Italy (also called OV101 and THIP), a selective and potent agonist for delta-subunit-containing Reviewed by: extrasynaptic GABA receptors (dSEGA), as a therapeutic agent for FXS by assessing Giulia Poggi, A University of Zurich, Switzerland its ability to normalize aberrant behaviors in a relatively uncharacterized mouse model Valerie J. -
A Comparative Study of Progabide, Valproate, and Epilepsy
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.49.11.1251 on 1 November 1986. Downloaded from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1986;49:1251-1257 A comparative study of progabide, valproate, and placebo as add-on therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy P CRAWFORD, D CHADWICK From the Department ofNeurology, Walton Hospital, Liverpool, UK SUMMARY A three way single blind cross-over comparison of progabide, valproate and placebo, as adjunctive therapy, was undertaken in 64 patients with therapy-resistant partial and generalised seizures. The study was not completed because of the incidence of elevated hepatic enzymes on progabide. Analysis of efficacy showed progabide to be inferior to valproate against all seizure types, particularly against tonic-clonic seizures. Valproate was superior to placebo against all seizure types, partial and tonic-clonic seizures. Progabide did not differ significantly from placebo in any instance. In addition progabide caused elevation of hepatic enzymes which was symptomatic in one case, and was associated with an interaction with phenytoin symptoms which resulted in of guest. Protected by copyright. intoxication in some cases. Progabide is a pro-drug and a GABA agonist which treatment limb was of six months with a two week washout possesses anticonvulsant properties in a variety of and cross-over period between treatment phases. Patients experimental models of seizures and epilepsy.' with severe, partial or generalised epilepsies were eligible for Whether it possesses antiepileptic properties in man is admission to the study as long as they had a definite history controversial. A number of double blind of epilepsy confirmed by observation and EEG recording studies and suffered a minimum of one seizure per month during the against placebo have been reported, some of which six months prior to entry into the study. -
31V March 1891 — Insomnia As a Disease Per Se and As a Symp¬
SYMPTOMATIC A' N D IDIOPATHIC INSOMNIA. ITS ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT. B Y GEORGE DOUGLAS GRAY, M.B. 00O00O00O00 — 31V March 1891 — Insomnia as a disease per se and as a symp¬ tom of many diseases I have chosen as the subject of this thesis for several reasons. I have suffered . much from it myself and consequently have examined with more than ordinary clinical interest every case that has come under my notice, and in addition I have j found that, with the exception of odd notes in the medical journals, the literature on this subj.ect is comparatively rare. During this last half century since the introduction of steam power, and follov/lng it , the I "telegraph, electricity in its numerous forms, not to mention countless other time-saving devices, and with - an ever increasing population, competition or the race for life has become keener than at any " previoxis time, j -. : <■ , •- : 'V ■ " ■ ■ . - I The average human being lives at a very high pressure,! and this struggle for existence, with its concomitant 1 worries, has of late made Insomnia a much more fre¬ quent complaint than before. Indeed, in several of the older text-books on Practice of Physic (e.g. that of Dr. Hughes Bennet, published as lately as 1853) the subject is not even mentioned. In order to work well we must eat well and sleep well: loss of appet¬ ite and lowering of all bodily functions soon follow loss of sleep,therefore all the more important is it that the etiology and treatment of Insomnia should be thoroughly understood. -
PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to the TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names INN which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
Semicarbazone – a Versatile Therapeutic Pharmacophore for Fragment Based Anticonvulsant Drug Design
Acta Pharm. 62 (2012) 263–286 Review DOI: 10.2478/v10007-012-0030-1 Semicarbazone – a versatile therapeutic pharmacophore for fragment based anticonvulsant drug design SURENDRA NATH PANDEYA During the last fifteen years, semicarbazones have been extensively investigated for their anticonvulsant proper- Department of Pharmacy, Saroj Institute ties. 4-(4-Flurophenoxy) benzaldehyde semicarbazone of Technology and Management Ahimamau (C0102862, V102862) was discovered as a lead molecule Lucknow-226002 (U.P.), India and is being developed as a potent antiepileptic drug, with maximal electroshock (MES) ED50 of i.p. 12.9 mg kg-1. In MES (oral screen), this compound has a protec- tive index (PI = TD50/ED50 > 315) higher than carbama- zepine (PI 101), phenytoin (PI > 21.6) and valproate (PI 2.17). The compound is a potent sodium channel blocker. Other semicarbazones have demonstrated activity in va- rious chemoshock screens, like subcutaneous pentylene- tetrazole, subcutaneous strychnine, subcutaneous picro- toxin and subcutaneous bicculine. Semicarbazones are also GABA-transaminase inhibitors. Extensive structure- -activity relationship has demonstrated that F, Cl, Br and NO2 substituents in the arylhydrophobic pocket and a hydrogen bonding domain (HBD) are generally found in active anticonvulsant agents. Keywords: semicarbazone, anticonvulsant, Na+ channel Accepted July 17, 2012 blocker Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide, and 50 % of them live in the developing world (1, 2). Many options are available, from different chemical classes such as hydantoins (3) barbiturates (4), benzodiazepines (5), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogs (6), di- benzepines (7) and carbamates (8). All of these compounds are used in the treatment of epilepsy.