Mckayla Maroney Gymnastics Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

MCKAYLA MARONEY GYMNASTICS 2011 World Championships team and vault gold medalist Personal Specs Height: 5’2 Date of birth: December 9, 1995 Hometown: Laguna Niguel, CA Residence: Long Beach, CA On the Fast Track 2011 Visa Championships, Saint Paul, Minn. - 1st-VT; 2nd-AA; 5th-FX; 7th-BB 2011 World Championships, Tokyo, Japan - 1st-Team, VT 2011 CoverGirl Classic, Chicago, Ill. - 5th-FX; 6th-BB 2010 Visa Championships, Hartford, Conn. - 1st-VT; 3rd-AA; 4th-FX(T); 7th-BB (Jr. Div.) 2010 Pan American Championships, Guadalajara, Mexico - 1st-Team, VT, FX 2009 Visa Championships, Dallas, Texas - 3rd-VT (Jr. Div.) Passion for the Olympics In October 2011 McKayla won a world title on her best event, vault, at the 2011 World Gymnastics Championships. Maroney got her own individual podium moment after landing an Amanar vault (a roundoff onto the springboard, a back handspring onto the vaulting table and a flip with 2.5 twists off) and a layout Podkopayeva (roundoff onto the board, a half-twist in the air before the vault table and a front flip with half twist off). She was unrivaled in the difficulty and execution of both efforts, and averaged 15.3 points for the two vaults, more than half a point above silver medalist Oksana Chusovitina of Germany. The world title on vault has seemed a long time coming for the California gymnast, who first attracted attention when she completed the uber-difficult Amanar at the 2009 Junior U.S. Championships when she was only 13. She stuck the same vault cold at last year's U.S. Championships, but has had to wait until this year to be age-eligible for world competition. Personal McKayla Maroney was born December 9, 1995 to Michael, former Purdue quarterback, and Erin Maroney. Raised in Laguna Niguel, CA where she began gymnastics at age two. Did You Know……? • McKayla enjoys other sports including soccer, ice skating, and tennis • Mckayla’s hobbies include going to the beach, swimming, and shopping Olympic Dream… “I started dreaming of going to the Olympics for gymnastics at thirteen. I remember watching the girls at the Olympics and knowing I wanted to be there. And having team mates is so important because somebody is there to have your back and cheer you on. I couldn't do it without them.” .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Touchstones of Popular Culture Among Contemporary College Students in the United States
Minnesota State University Moorhead RED: a Repository of Digital Collections Dissertations, Theses, and Projects Graduate Studies Spring 5-17-2019 Touchstones of Popular Culture Among Contemporary College Students in the United States Margaret Thoemke [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://red.mnstate.edu/thesis Part of the Higher Education and Teaching Commons Recommended Citation Thoemke, Margaret, "Touchstones of Popular Culture Among Contemporary College Students in the United States" (2019). Dissertations, Theses, and Projects. 167. https://red.mnstate.edu/thesis/167 This Thesis (699 registration) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at RED: a Repository of Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Projects by an authorized administrator of RED: a Repository of Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Touchstones of Popular Culture Among Contemporary College Students in the United States A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of Minnesota State University Moorhead By Margaret Elizabeth Thoemke In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Second Language May 2019 Moorhead, Minnesota iii Copyright 2019 Margaret Elizabeth Thoemke iv Dedication I would like to dedicate this thesis to my three most favorite people in the world. To my mother, Heather Flaherty, for always supporting me and guiding me to where I am today. To my husband, Jake Thoemke, for pushing me to be the best I can be and reminding me that I’m okay. Lastly, to my son, Liam, who is my biggest fan and my reason to be the best person I can be.
[Show full text]
Horton Wins All-Around Title at Õ 09 Visa
WOMEN SLOAN WINS WOMEN’S ALL-AROUND TITLE At ’09 VISA CHAMPIONSHIPS Photos by John Cheng ridget Sloan, a 2008 Olympic team silver medalist from Sharp’s Gymnastics, won her first U.S. all-around title at the 2009 Visa Championships at the American Airlines Center in Dallas. Sloan, who was third after the first day of competition, came from behind to win the title with a score 117.550. “It feels great to win the Visa Championships,” said Sloan. “The first day didn’t go as planned, but today went well.” Sloan’s top scores of the two-day competition were for her Yurchenko double full vault (15.000), and her floor routine which includes a one-and-a-half to triple twist for her first pass (15.050). 2008 Olympic Team alternate Ivana Hong of WOGA finished a Kytra Hunter Mackenzie Caquatto close second in the all-around at 117.250. Hong’s top scores were on vault for her Yurchenko double (15.250) and her beam routine that included a flip flop series into a double pike dismount (15.200). WOGA’s Rebecca Bross, who led the competition after day one, landed in third place with an all-around score of 116.600. Bross had !" #$% a rough bar routine on day two that pulled her down in the rankings. Her top score of the competition was a 15.300 for her double twisting Yurchenko vault and a 15.050 for her jam-packed bar routine on the first day of competition. Kytra Hunter of Hill’s Gymnastics finished fourth in the all-around with 113.750 and took third on floor, showing a huge piked double Arabian and double layout.
[Show full text]
Case 1:18-Cv-01046 ECF No. 1 Filed 09/10/18 Pageid.1 Page 1 of 141
Case 1:18-cv-01046 ECF No. 1 filed 09/10/18 PageID.1 Page 1 of 141 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN - SOUTHERN DIVISION ERIKA DAVIS Plaintiff, v. Lead Case No.: 1:17-cv-00029 Member Case Nos.: 1:17-cv-00684 Hon. Gordon J. Quist Complaint and Reliance on Jury Demand MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY; THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY; LAWRENCE GERARD NASSAR (individual capacity only); KATHIE KLAGES (individual capacity only); WILLIAM D. STRAMPEL, D.O. (individual capacity only); JEFFREY R. KOVAN D.O. (individual capacity only); DOUGLAS DIETZEL, D.O. (individual capacity only); BROOKE LEMMEN, D.O. (individual capacity only); GARY E. STOLLAK (individual capacity only); DESTINY TEACHNOR-HAUK (individual capacity only); USA GYMNASTICS, INC.; TWISTARS USA, INC. d/b/a GEDDERTS’ TWISTARS USA GYMNASTICS CLUB, and JOHN GEDDERT, Defendants. Case 1:18-cv-01046 ECF No. 1 filed 09/10/18 PageID.2 Page 2 of 141 Brian J. McKeen (P34123) Jordan K. Merson Steven C. Hurbis (P80993) To Be Admitted Pro Hac Vice McKeen & Associates, P.C. Merson Law, PLLC Attorneys for Plaintiff Attorneys for Plaintiff 645 Griswold Street 150 East 58th Street, 34th Floor Suite 4200 New York, NY 10166 Detroit, MI 48226 Ph: (212) 603-9100 Ph.: (313) 961-4400 E: [email protected] E:[email protected] E:[email protected] Krystal A. Crittendon, Esq. (P49981) Patrick Fitzgerald Scott R. Eldridge (P66452) Amy Van Gelder Megan P. Norris (P39318) Albert L. Hogan Brian M. Schwartz (P69018) Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP Miller, Canfield, Paddock and Stone, PLC Attorneys for Defendants Michigan State Attorneys for Defendants Michigan State University and the Board of Trustees of University and the Board of Trustees of Michigan State University Michigan State University 155 N.
[Show full text]
Rotation Schedule At: 1:01 PM Women - Competition I Friday, June 29, 5:30Pm Session: 1W -- Women Friday, June 29, 2012 Rotation 1
Page: 1 2012 US Olympic Trials - Prelims Printed on: 6/20/2012 Rotation Schedule at: 1:01 PM Women - Competition I Friday, June 29, 5:30pm Session: 1W -- Women Friday, June 29, 2012 Rotation 1 163 McKayla Maroney 153 Rebecca Bross All Olympia WOGA 170 Bridget Sloan 168 Kyla Ross Sharp's Gym-Max 167 Alexandra Raisman 157 Sarah Finnegan Brestyan's GAGE 174 Alicia Sacramone 162 Nastia Liukin Brestyan's WOGA 166 Elizabeth Price 156 Brenna Dowell Parkettes GAGE 172 Jordyn Wieber 171 Sabrina Vega Geddert's Dynamic 151 Kennedy Baker 161 Anna Li Texas Dreams Legacy Elite 155 Gabrielle Douglas Chow's Rotation 2 170 Bridget Sloan 168 Kyla Ross Sharp's Gym-Max 167 Alexandra Raisman 157 Sarah Finnegan Brestyan's GAGE 174 Alicia Sacramone 162 Nastia Liukin Brestyan's WOGA 166 Elizabeth Price 156 Brenna Dowell Parkettes GAGE 172 Jordyn Wieber 171 Sabrina Vega Geddert's Dynamic 151 Kennedy Baker 161 Anna Li Texas Dreams Legacy Elite 163 McKayla Maroney 155 Gabrielle Douglas All Olympia Chow's 153 Rebecca Bross WOGA Rotation 3 167 Alexandra Raisman 157 Sarah Finnegan Brestyan's GAGE 174 Alicia Sacramone 162 Nastia Liukin Brestyan's WOGA 166 Elizabeth Price 156 Brenna Dowell Parkettes GAGE 172 Jordyn Wieber 171 Sabrina Vega Geddert's Dynamic 151 Kennedy Baker 161 Anna Li Texas Dreams Legacy Elite 163 McKayla Maroney 155 Gabrielle Douglas All Olympia Chow's 170 Bridget Sloan 153 Rebecca Bross Sharp's WOGA 168 Kyla Ross Gym-Max Page: 2 2012 US Olympic Trials - Prelims Printed on: 6/20/2012 Rotation Schedule at: 1:01 PM Women - Competition I Friday, June 29, 5:30pm Session: 1W -- Women Friday, June 29, 2012 Rotation 4 162 Nastia Liukin 174 Alicia Sacramone WOGA Brestyan's 156 Brenna Dowell 166 Elizabeth Price GAGE Parkettes 171 Sabrina Vega 172 Jordyn Wieber Dynamic Geddert's 161 Anna Li 151 Kennedy Baker Legacy Elite Texas Dreams 155 Gabrielle Douglas 163 McKayla Maroney Chow's All Olympia 153 Rebecca Bross 170 Bridget Sloan WOGA Sharp's 168 Kyla Ross 167 Alexandra Raisman Gym-Max Brestyan's 157 Sarah Finnegan GAGE.
[Show full text]
Congressional Record—Senate S4688
S4688 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE August 4, 2020 the Senator from Vermont (Mr. proceed to the immediate consider- pears and inserting ‘‘United States Olympic and LEAHY), the Senator from Vermont ation of Calendar No. 503, S. 2330. Paralympic Committee’’. (Mr. SANDERS), and the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—The table of chapters for part B of subtitle II of title 36, Virginia (Mr. WARNER) are necessarily clerk will report the bill by title. The bill clerk read as follows: United States Code, is amended by striking the absent. item relating to chapter 2205 and inserting the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. A bill (S. 2330) to amend the Ted Stevens following: CRUZ). Are there any other Senators in Olympic and Amateur Sports Act to provide for congressional oversight of the board of ‘‘2205. United States Olympic and the Chamber desiring to vote? Paralympic Committee ... 220501’’. The result was announced—yeas 79, directors of the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee and to protect ama- SEC. 4. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT OF UNITED nays 16, as follows: teur athletes from emotional, physical, and STATES OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC [Rollcall Vote No. 155 Ex.] COMMITTEE AND NATIONAL GOV- sexual abuse, and for other purposes. ERNING BODIES. YEAS—79 There being no objection, the Senate (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 2205 of title 36, Alexander Feinstein Peters proceeded to consider the bill, which United States Code, is amended— Baldwin Fischer Portman had been reported from the Committee (1) by redesignating the second subchapter Barrasso Gardner Reed on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- designated as subchapter III (relating to the Bennet Graham Risch United States Center for SafeSport), as added by Blackburn Hassan tation, with an amendment to strike Roberts section 202 of the Protecting Young Victims from Blunt Hawley Romney all after the enacting clause and insert Booker Heinrich Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act Rounds in lieu thereof the following: of 2017 (Public Law 115–126; 132 Stat.
[Show full text]
Elitedaily.Com March 5 , 2018 Mckayla Maroney's
EliteDaily.com March 5th, 2018 McKayla Maroney’s Comments on Larry Nassar Could Have A Wide- Ranging Impact By: Alexandra Svokos March 5, 2018 Former Olympic gymnast McKayla Maroney shocked the world when she came forward with allegations of sexual abuse against disgraced athletic doctor Larry Nassar in October 2017. While the cases against Nassar had been going on in courts for months, in the wake of the #MeToo movement, Maroney was the first household name to publicly announce herself as a survivor. Maroney's comments about Nassar launched a wave of other high-profile gymnasts going public with their own allegations, including her "Fierce Five" teammates Aly Raisman, Gabby Douglas, and Jordyn Wieber. Since coming forward in October, Maroney has been largely quiet — she did not make an appearance during Nassar's public sentencing trials in January 2018, although she did have a statement read on her behalf. But that doesn't mean she's done talking about it. In fact, on April 17, Maroney will be the featured speaker at The New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (The NYSPCC) 2018 spring luncheon. The organization was established in 1875 to protect children. This year, Maroney's appearance takes place in the midst of Child Abuse Prevention Month, where the luncheon will serve as a fundraiser for NYSPCC's protection programs. "McKayla Maroney is an amazing example of a survivor who is now speaking out against someone that was very powerful in his field, and she along with all the other gymnasts brought him down. That is a tremendous success story in the field," Mary Pulido, the executive director of NYSPCC tells me in an interview for Elite Daily.
[Show full text]
Trojan Times March.Pub
Trojan Times 2013 March Edition CMS Upcoming Events Contents: CMS Has Talent Tyler • Science Olympiad Team ♦ Congratulations to the Here are the up- • CMS Has Talent CMS Science Olympiad coming Ches- • CMS Happenings Team who placed 4th at the terton Middle • Circle of the State Picture State Competition! School events. ♦ Fantastic job to all of the • CMS Gold The first track • Music Festival performers, Fish Tuberculosis meet for all • Gabby Douglas and Aly and to the directors of the Raisman program, Well done! boys and girls ♦ To all the students and staff • 25 Inspiring Quotes will take place that participated in the Ath- th • Half-Minute Horrors on April 8 . letic Benefit fund raiser, • Other track Recipes THANK YOU!!!!! • Comic by S. Ghoreishi ♦ meets will be Congratulations to all of th on April 11 , our Circle of the State th th Singers, —great voices! 15 , 18 , 23rd, 25th, and the 30 th . An early dismissal will take on April 9th . The next bell choir con- cert will be on April 18 th . The second reserved snow day will be on April 26 th . Progress report CMS GOLD!! The Trojan Times is experimenting with a new col- cards will come umn in our newspaper….Fashion! out on April th Interested in posing for one of our articles? See 30 . Grace or Olivia Jewett, or Izzy Johnson for details. Trojan Times 2013 FISH TUBERCULOSIS: silent killer for fish, and possibly YOU ! SYDNEY GHOREISHI SYMPTOMS IN FISH: Mycobacterium marinum Loss of scales, loss of color, lesions on body, skeletal deformities, loss of appetite, rap- id breathing, pop eye, reclusive behavior, and bloated stomachs.
[Show full text]
Sexual Assault of United States Olympic Athletes: Gymnastics, Taekwondo, and Swimming
Sacred Heart University Scholar Volume 3 Number 1 Article 6 Fall 2019 Sexual Assault of United States Olympic Athletes: Gymnastics, Taekwondo, and Swimming Chloe Meenan Sacred Heart University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/shuscholar Part of the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Meenan, Chloe. "Sexual Assault of United States Olympic Athletes: Gymnastics, Taekwondo, and Swimming." Sacred Heart University Scholar, vol. 3, no.1, 2019, https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/ shuscholar/vol3/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sacred Heart University Scholar by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Meenan: Sexual Assault of United States Olympic Athletes Sexual Assault of United States Olympic Athletes: Gymnastics, Taekwondo, and Swimming Chloe Meenan Abstract: The distribution of power in American Olympic sports has made room for the development of a culture of sexual assault. This culture has continued to grow and the organizations in authority have not done enough to put a stop to the abuse. First, I will address the troubles that victims have when sharing their stories, due to the distribution of power within the organizations, namely in gymnastics, taekwondo, and swimming. I focus on the Me Too Movement and the influence that social media has had in making strides towards raising awareness about sexual assault. I will explore the specifics of the abuse within each sport and the women who shared their stories to prevent similar things from happening to others.
[Show full text]
Mckayla Maroney, Other Larry Nassar Accusers And
MCKAYLA MARONEY, OTHER LARRY NASSAR ACCUSERS AND THEIR ATTORNEYS ATTEND LARRY NASSAR’S FEDERAL SENTENCING HEARING AND CALL FOR INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION OF USOC, USAG AND MSU OFFICIALS. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: LAWRENCE ROBERT December 6, 2017 323-236-9992 WHAT: Women who accused former MSU and USA Gymnastics Olympic Team doctor Larry Nassar of sexual assault will speak to the media following Nassar’s sentencing on Federal child pornography charges. By order of the court, victim impact statements will not be read aloud during the sentencing hearing, but will be released to the media at the Press Conference. “Fierce Five” Olympic gold medalist McKayla Maroney and her mother, Erin Maroney, will attend the sentencing. Read McKayla Maroney’s victim impact statement here. Read Erin Maroney’s statement here. WHO: Rachael Denhollander, former Michigan gymnast who filed first criminal complaint against Nassar. Jeanette Antolin, USA National Team gymnast. Tiffany Thomas Lopez, former MSU softball player who reported Nassar to MSU coaches and trainers in 1999. Other Nassar Accusers Who Have Not Yet Spoken Publicly John Manly, Founding Partner, Manly Stewart & Finaldi Stephen Drew, Founding Partner, Drew, Cooper & Anding James White, Founding Partner, White Law PLLC These firms represent more than 100 alleged victims of Dr. Nassar. WHEN: Thursday, December 7, 2017 Immediately Following the 11am Hearing WHERE: University Club 111 Lyon St NW Suite 1025, Fireside Room Grand Rapids, MI 49503 WHY: Larry Nassar has plead guilty and is scheduled to be sentenced on Federal child pornography charges. The US Attorney has requested a sentence of 60 years in prison for these crimes.
[Show full text]
The Language of Harm: What the Nassar Victim Impact Statements Reveal About Abuse and Accountability
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH LAW REVIEW Vol. 82 ● Fall 2020 THE LANGUAGE OF HARM: WHAT THE NASSAR VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS REVEAL ABOUT ABUSE AND ACCOUNTABILITY Jamie R. Abrams and Dr. Amanda Potts ISSN 0041-9915 (print) 1942-8405 (online) ● DOI 10.5195/lawreview.2020.775 http://lawreview.law.pitt.edu This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. This site is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its D- Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. THE LANGUAGE OF HARM: WHAT THE NASSAR VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS REVEAL ABOUT ABUSE AND ACCOUNTABILITY Jamie R. Abrams* and Dr. Amanda Potts** ABSTRACT This Article examines 148 Victim Impact Statements that were delivered to the court in the Larry Nassar criminal sentencing. Larry Nassar was a doctor for the United States Gymnastics Association and an employee of Michigan State University who treated elite athletes, predominantly gymnasts. Nassar pleaded guilty to child pornography and first-degree criminal sexual misconduct charges in Michigan. His sentencing received worldwide attention as victims delivered impact statements describing the harm and betrayal of his conduct. Using corpus-based discourse analysis, this Article examines the complex strategies that the victims deployed to describe who Nassar was (a doctor, a monster, a friend), what he did (abuse, assault, pedophilia, “treatments”), and the harms that they suffered (pain, hurt, betrayal). It concludes by recommending more robust and holistic approaches to the naming and framing of sexual assault, more proactive policy uses of Victim Impact Statements in shaping systemic reforms, and greater law reforms to prevent systemic institutional sexual assault.
[Show full text]
When Gender and Media Collide in Sports
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2021 BALANCING ACT: WHEN GENDER AND MEDIA COLLIDE IN SPORTS Kimberly Friedman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, Mass Communication Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Friedman, Kimberly, "BALANCING ACT: WHEN GENDER AND MEDIA COLLIDE IN SPORTS" (2021). LSU Master's Theses. 5261. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/5261 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BALANCING ACT: WHEN GENDER AND MEDIA COLLIDE IN SPORTS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Mass Communication in The Manship School of Mass Communication by Kimberly M. Friedman B.A., University of South Florida, 2016 May 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. iii INTRODUCTION. 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS. 18 METHOD. 19 ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION. 22 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH. 44 CONCLUSION. .. 46 REFERENCES . 49 VITA. 63 ii ABSTRACT Women’s Gymnastics is one of the most popular events at the Summer Olympic Games and media coverage of the team provides a unique perspective on women’s athletics, as gymnastics is traditionally considered a feminine sport. Utilizing a discourse analysis, this thesis examines the newspaper coverage received by the team in the last 25 years.
[Show full text]
Changes During the 110 Years of the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Grossfeld A. CHANGES DURING 110 YEARS OF THE WORLD ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS … Vol. 6 Issue 2: 5 - 27 CHANGES DURING THE 110 YEARS OF THE WORLD ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS Abie Grossfeld Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA Original article Abstract This article presents changes, along with historical perspectives, in the World Gymnastics Championships during the last 110 years - 1903 to 2013. Changes include: the events contested, team and individual achievements and dominance, debut of skills, difficulty expansion, judges, scoring, competition format, Finals qualification system, expansion of FIG affiliation, frequency cycle of the WC, number of teams and gymnasts per competition, age requirement of gymnasts, team size, venues, apparatus, devices for learning, education and certification courses, disseminating information, and expanded media coverage. Keywords: History, Gymnasts, Rules, Judges. INTRODUCTION CHANGE IN THE CHAMPIONSHIPS NAME 2013 marked the 110th anniversary of the World Artistic Gymnastics From 1903 to 1913, the official title Championships. of the ‘world - international’ competition This article cites many changes and was organized by the European Federation differences in the WC that took place of Gymnastics (founded in 1881), which through the years. Timelines are presented was latter renamed to the FIG (1921). The for various aspects of gymnastics. title was changed in 1931 (or 1934 onward) to the World Gymnastics Championships Abbreviations and terms for this paper: (by same document it is not known when it WC for World Artistic Gymnastics really starts (FIG, 1981). For this paper, the Championships; OG for Olympic Games; championships from 1903 onward will be FIG for International Gymnastics referred to as the WC.
[Show full text]