LISP for the Apple II
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NO. 39 $2.50 AUGUST 1981 THE 6502/6809 JOURNAL • •• „•••». • J i* ■ I 1111 iv i uuiiug ^vviivi i r - i ^ |a » i v wvnug aevuvii Expanding the Superboard ^icrocrunch, Part 1 Improved nth Precision v , . Disassembling to Memory on AIM 65 You can use MICRO PLUS ! SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER OEM BUI'' MICRO PLUS is a 6502-based Single Board Computer Ith extensive video capabilities, communications support and interlace. As an OEM Building Block, it allows selection of the I monitor, enclosure and power supply best suited to your application. As an Intelligent Terminal,..tl, it provides------------------ full RS232-------- and— 20 mA communication at baud r . from 50 to 19.2K, with superior text-editing features. It may be combined with F PLUS to form a Sophisticated System with 8” and 5 % " diskettes, an IEEE-488 < numerous I/O ports, up to 56K {«■ 4 ; V Video Features: Programmable baud rates from • Me m • Programmable screen format .v- h' v ■ up to 132 characters by 30 lines 50 to 19.2K baud • Auto-irMUN • Reverse video on character-by- Parity generation and checking • Sine character basis - Programmable word length and • Brei ! be t • EPROM character set for user- stop bits • Break < 1K progra definable characters • Full-duplex or half-duplex ■ MicroMon < • RAM character set for operation software in E dynamically changing characters • Both RS232C and 20-milliamp Editor Features: > Can be directl under program control current loop interfaces provided • Cursor up, doi DRAM PLUS, FLEXI PLUS • Light pen input • ASCII keyboard interface home PROTO PLUS • Programmable character width • Scroll up/down • Single voltage required + 5 V • Up to 4K display memory Insert/delete line or < m Call or write for free catalog Let us build your custom system. ■! \ f M ICRO PLUS TCB-111 $375 Communications option 50 * Documentation 10 For US, add $3.00 surface postage. Prices quoted are for US only. For 34 Chelmsford St., Chelmsford, MA 01824 foreign shipments write for rates. 617/256-3649 Massachusetts residents add 5% sales m m 16K RAM EXPANSION BOARD FOR THE APPLE II* $195.00 The Andromeda 16K RAM Expansion Board Now with One Year Warranty. allows your Apple to use RAM memory in place ‘ Apple II and Applesoft are trademarks. of the BASIC Language ROMs giving you up to 64K of programmable memory. Separate Applesoft* or Integer BASIC ROM cards are no ANDROMEDA longer needed. The I 6K RAM Expansion Board works with the Microsoft Z-80 card, Visicalc, INCORPORATED DOS .3-3, Pascal, Fortran, Pilot, and other a P.O. Box 19144 software. A switch on the card selects either Greensboro, NC. 27410 the RAM language or the mainboard ROMs 919 852-1482 when you reset your Apple. Distributed By: The Andromeda 16K RAM Expansion COMPUTER P.O. Box 696 Board has a proven record for reliability with DATA Amherst, NH. 03031 thousands of satisfied customers. SERVICES 603 673-7375 the BEST <1 AND l> the BEST keyboard buffer lower case adapter Separately, they have more features and out perform a ll the r e s t . But together as a team they perform even b e tte r . Look for the Graphics +Plus soon. It's a RAM based character generator to complement the Lower Case +Plus. It will allow you to define the character set to your needs. You could load German, French, Scientific, Engineering or any other special characters into the Graphics +Plus and use it as if the Apple II was designed specially for that application. And that's not all. If you define the characters as graphics, you can do extremely fast HI-RES type graphics on the text screen without all those cumbersome and slow HI-RES routines and 8K screen. For all the details on this triad of products, send for our free booklet "Lower case adapters and keyboard buffers from the inside out". This booklet gives all the details about lower case adapters and keyboard buffers in general. It also has a section on the Graphics +Plus (RAM based character generator). GRAPHICS I LOWER CASE CHARACTER GENERATOR FOR THE APPLE It COMPUTER * SHIRT KBY UPPER/LOWER CASE CONTROL $ 119.95 $69.95 + More buffer .than others. + Normal & Inverse Lower Case. + Clear buffer control. + 2 complete character sets on board. + "SHIFT key entry of upper/lower case. + Graphics character font built in. + Easy CTL key access to special chars + Expansion socket allows access to " I "'I}-! \ □ external character sets. + Allows BASIC programs with standard azer + 2716 EPROM compatible char generator. INPUT to support Lower Case without MICRO SYSTEMS + More supporting software, (on diskette) software modification. INC. + Keyboard +Plus & Graphics +Plus designed 1791-G Capital around the Lower Case +Plus. Corona, CA 91720/ (714)735-1041 the Keyboard +Plus the Lower Case +Plus The Keyboard +Plus is a multi-purpose input device for The Lower Case +Plus is a plug in (not I/O slot) device your Apple II. The first thing the Keyboard +Plus will that w ill allow your Apple II to display lower case and do for you is save you lots of time. When the old graphic characters on the video text screen. The Lower adage "time is money" being more true than ever, you Case +Plus is compatible with ALL word processors that naturally want to know how th is device can save you support lower case. With an optional (extra cost) and your employees time. We'll start with the input character generator, it will also allow some word b u ffe r . With the normal Apple I I , you can only input processors, such as Applewriter and the 40 column data when the computer is ready for it . Not when the Easywriter, to display normal upper and lower case on disk drive is running or when a printer without buffer the screen with no software modifications. The Lower is operating, not when Applesoft is performing the Case +Plus is compatible with all software that operates FRE(O) function and not when the Apple is off with any other lower case adapter. However, since the performing time consuming multiple calculations. Lower Case +plus has features and capabilities that no Sometimes these time (takers) take only a brief time other lower case adapter has, there is software and sometimes they take a long time. Even if they only a vailable that w ill operate properly only with the Lower take a brief time, the operator can loose his train of Case +Plus. Maybe that is the reason the Lower Case thought and have to re-orient himself to get back to +Plus has become the leading lower case adapter for the speed. With the Keyboard +Plus' buffer, the operator Apple I I . can keep right on typing. The buffer w ill store up all those keystrokes until the computer comes back and requests another input. In most conditions, you will Lazer Microsystems' products are in computer never be more than 2 or 3 keystrokes ahead of the stores all across the country. However, if you cannot locate one, you can order direct from us. computer. At most, you will probably never have much more that 35 or 40 characters ahead. The Keyboard +Plus has room for 64 characters to be stored, which * California residents must add 6% sales tax. * Master Card & Visa (W/all vital info) welcome. is far more that you will probably need. The second * Allow 2 weeks additional for checks to clear. timesaver the Keyboard +Plus has to offer is the SHIFT * Orders outside U.S.A. add $15.00 for shipping Key control of upper/lower case entry. You no longer s handling. have to re-orient yourself from the typewriter style keyboard and the Apple II keyboard every time you switch from one to the other. The frustration of the difference without the Keyboard +Plus is worth the Lower Case +Plus, Keyboard +Plus* and Graphics +Plus are trademarks of Lazer Microsystems, cost alon e. There are other benefits such as CTRL key I n c ., Corona, CA. entry of all the special character you could not access before and a lot of the Apple keyboard bounce Apple I I and Applewriter are trademarks of Apple (getting two characters for one stroke) will disapear. Computer, In c ., Cupertino, Calif. Besides these features, there is a keystroke command to clear the buffer as well as RESET key protection Easywriter is a trademark of Cap'n Software, and for the older Apples. With all these features, it's no produced by Information Unlimited Software, wonder that Lazer Microsystems is becoming known as Inc., Berkeley, Calif.___________________________________ the company that puts thought into all their products. 2 MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal No. 3 9 -A ugust 1981 MICROTHE 6502/6809 JOURNAL ARTICLES STAFF MICROCRUNCH: An Ultra-fast Arithmetic Editor/Publisher Computing System, Part 1 ......................................................John e. Hart ROBERT M. TRIPP 7 Fast floating point processing on the Superboard II Associate Publisher -i o It’s Time to Stop Dreaming, Part 3............................... Robertm . Tripp RICHARD RETTIG • W More information on the 6809 Associate Editors pH Improved nth Precision .................................................. Glenn r . Sogge MARY ANN CURTIS Code optimization for small systems FORD CAVALLARI 2 5 Disassembling to Memory with AIM 65 . ........... Larry p. Gonzalez Special Projects Editor Clean up disassembled code with AIM text editor MARJORIE MORSE 2 9 Sorting............................................................................... William R. Reese Art Director A new application of Quicksort applied where individual members cannot be moved GARY W. FISH 0 0 Expressions Revealed, Part 2.................. ................ Richard c. vile, Jr. Production Assistant BASIC and Pascal programs demonstrate the translation process LINDA GOULD 7 7 Common Array Names in Applesoft II .......................