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Local Air Quality Management

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Local Air Quality Management LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2006 MAY 2006 ENVIRONMENT ACT 1995 PART IV LOCAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT - 1 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Environment Act 1995 introduced a requirement for local authorities to review and assess air quality in their areas. This process began with the identification of the main sources of relevant pollutants in South Gloucestershire and has progressed using monitoring and modelling, to produce an assessment of the current levels of pollution in the area and predictions of levels in future years. The assessments have been required in order to assess whether Government set air quality targets will be met by certain future dates (known as objectives). In order to keep the information on local air quality up to date, local authorities are required to update their reviews every three years and produce annual progress reports in the intervening years. This “Updating and Screening Assessment” report reviews the situation over the last three years and summarises the monitoring carried out in South Gloucestershire during 2005. The assessment confirmed that the objectives for all seven designated pollutants will be met under current circumstances. Work carried out for the previous years Annual Report suggested that there might be a problem meeting the particulate matter objective in the Yate area. Further monitoring has however confirmed that the objective is likely to be met. Certain locations had also been identified as being close to the nitrogen dioxide objective. Further monitoring at these sites also confirms these objectives are likely to be met. We should however not be complacent as any new significant changes in South Gloucestershire such as new housing developments close to the motorways or major roads could result in “receptors” being introduced into areas of poor air quality, triggering the requirement to declare and air quality management area. - 2 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 PREVIOUS AIR QUALITY REPORTS PUBLISHED BY SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE COUNCIL Report Publication Date Stage 1 Review and Assessment February 1999 Stage 2 & 3 Review and Assessment Consultation Draft November 2000 Stage 4 Review and Assessment – Consultation Draft November 2002 Stage 4 Review and Assessment –Final Report July 2003 Updating and Screening Assessment May 2003 Annual Progress Report May 2004 Annual Progress Report April 2005 LOG OF AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AREAS DECLARED AND REVOKED Area Declared/Revoked Date 110 m either side of the M4, M5, M32 & Declared November 2001 M49 motorways, declared with respect to the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide. 110 m either side of the M4, M5, M32 & Revoked March 2004 M49 motorways, revoked with respect to the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide. - 3 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 7 Introduction 8 Statutory Background 8 The Local Air Quality Management Process 10 Appraisal of South Gloucestershire’s Annual 12 Progress Report for 2005 What had been happening in the last 12 Months 12 Industrial Processes 12 Local Air Quality Strategy 13 Local Air Quality Framework 14 Planning and Policies 14 Large Sites Allocated for Residential development 16 Local Transport Plan 16 The West of England Partnership 18 AIR POLLUTION MONITORING 19 Air Pollution Monitoring 20 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 22 Status of Data Presented in this Report 22 UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 23 CARBON MONOXIDE 24 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 24 Checklist for Carbon Monoxide Local Monitoring 24 Trends in Carbon Monoxide 25 Road Traffic 27 Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 28 Conclusion 28 BENZENE 29 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 29 Checklist for Benzene Local Monitoring Data 30 Trends in Benzene 31 Road Traffic 34 - 4 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 35 Conclusion 35 1,3 - BUTADIENE 36 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 36 Checklist for 1,3-butadiene Local Monitoring Data 37 Industrial Processes 37 Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 37 Conclusion 37 LEAD 38 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 38 Checklist for Lead Local Monitoring Data 38 Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 39 Conclusion 39 OTHER METALS 40 SULPHUR DIOXIDE 41 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 41 Checklist for Sulphur Dioxide Local Monitoring Data 42 Railway Locomotives 42 Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 43 Conclusion 43 PARTICULATE MATTER 44 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 45 Checklist for Particulate Matter Local Monitoring Data 46 Potential Exceedence of the 24-hour mean in Yate 50 Results of Temporary Continuous Monitoring Sites in 50 Yate Conclusion of Short Term Monitoring Program in Yate 51 Trends in Particulate Matter 51 Assessment of Compliance with the Provisional 2010 52 Objectives Annual Mean Concentrations in 2010 52 Comparison with the Objectives 54 Exceedences of the 24 Hour Mean 55 Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 56 - 5 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 Conclusion 56 2010 Objectives 56 NITROGEN DIOXIDE 57 Updating and Screening Assessment Summary 58 Checklist for Nitrogen Dioxide Background: Declaration of AQMA 59 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC) 59 Local Monitoring Data 59 Results of Continuous Monitoring 59 Correction to 2010 64 Diffusion Tube Results 65 Diffusion Tube Sites Installed to Address Potential Air 70 Quality Management Areas Background Monitoring - Energy from Waste Site 71 Historical Diffusion Tube Monitoring and Trends in 71 Nitrogen Dioxide Summary of Changes in South Gloucestershire 78 Conclusion 78 OZONE 79 Local Monitoring Data 79 Trends in Ozone 80 Conclusion 81 RADIATION 82 Background Gamma Radiation 82 Radon 83 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 86 CONTACTS 87 APPENDIX I Permitted Installations in South Gloucestershire 88 APPENDIX II Summary of Details and Data collected from 96 Continuous Monitoring Stations During 2005 APPENDIX III Summary of Passive Diffusion Tube Sites 99 APPENDIX IV Diffusion tubes – Analytical Quality Control 104 APPENDIX V Traffic Count Data 110 BIBLIOGRAPHY 111 GLOSSARY 112 - 6 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 INTRODUCTION - 7 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 INTRODUCTION This report is the second “Updating and Screening Assessment Report” required every three years under Local Air Quality Management. It fully reviews the situation regarding local air quality in South Gloucestershire. Statutory Background The European Union Air Quality Framework Directive and Daughter Directives prescribe limit values for certain pollutants that all member states must meet. In response to this the Government published an Air Quality Strategy for the UK1 the main aims of which are:- x To map out as far as possible future ambient air quality policy. x To provide the best practicable protection to human health. x To contribute to the protection of the natural environment. x To describe current and future levels of pollution, and x To provide a framework to help identify what we can all do to improve air quality. The Environment Act 1995 provided the framework for local air quality management across England and Wales. The system is an integral part of delivering the air quality objectives (levels of certain pollutants which have to be met by certain dates in the future) set out in the National Air Quality Strategy, published in 2000. Table 1 below summarises the objectives. The local air quality management system has a role to play in helping the UK to meet its obligations under the EU Directives. 1 The UK Air Quality Strategy, DETR March 1997. The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, DEFRA January 2000. - 8 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 Table 1: Summary of Air Quality Objectives OBJECTIVES APPLICABLE TO LOCAL AUTHORITIES POLLUTANT OBJECTIVES CONCENTRATION DATE TO BE MEASURED AS ACHIEVED BY Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31 December (5 ppb) 2003 Benzene 5 µg/m3 Annual Average 31 December (new objective) (1.54 ppb) 2010 1, 3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31 December (1 ppb) 2003 Carbon 10 mg/m3 Maximum daily running 31 December Monoxide (8.6 ppm) 8 hour mean 2003 Lead 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31 December 2004 0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31 December 2008 Nitrogen 200 µg/m3 1 hour mean not to be 31 December Dioxide (105 ppb) exceeded more than 18 2005 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31 December (21 ppb) 2005 Particles (PM10) 50 µg/m3 24 hour mean not to be 31 December exceeded more than 35 2004 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31 December 2004 Sulphur Dioxide 350 µg/m3 1 hour mean not to be 31 December (132 ppb) exceeded more than 24 2004 times a year 125 µg/m3 24 hour mean not 31 December (47 ppb) to be exceeded more 2004 than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3 15 minute mean not to 31 December (100 ppb) be exceeded more 2005 than 35 times a year - 9 - LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment 2006 OBJECTIVES NOT CURRENTLY FOR LOCAL AUTHORITY CONTROL Particles (PM10) 50 µg/m3 24 hour mean not to be 31 December exceeded more than 7 2010 times a year 20 µg/m3 Annual mean 31 December 2005 Reason May be set in regulations once EU has decided its new limit value Ozone 100 µg/m3 8 hour mean not to be 31 December (50 ppb) exceeded more than 10 2005 times a year Reason Ozone is a national rather than a local problem Nitrogen 30 µg/m3 Annual mean 31 December Dioxide (16 ppb) 2000 Reason Vegetation based directive. Targets have been met Polycyclic 0.25 ng/m3 B[a]P annual average 31 December Aromatic 2010 Hydrocarbons Sulphur Dioxide 20 µg/m3 1 hour mean not to be 31 December (8 ppb) exceeded more than 24 2000 times a year 20 µg/m3 Winter mean 31 December (8 ppb) (October – March) 2000 Reason Vegetation based directive.
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