Investigation of the Relationship Between the LIFE Index and RIVPACS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Investigation of the Relationship Between the LIFE Index and RIVPACS Investigation of the relationship between the LIFE index and RIVPACS Putting LIFE into RIVPACS R&D Technical Report W6-044/TR1 R T Clarke, P D Armitage, D Hornby, P Scarlett & J Davy-Bowker CEH Dorset Publishing Organisation Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 Website: www.environment-agency.gov.uk © Environment Agency 2003 June 2003 ISBN : 1844321495 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be produced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the Environment Agency. The views expressed in this document are not necessarily those of the Environment Agency. Its officers, servants or agents accept no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage arising from the interpretation or use of the information, or reliance upon the views contained herein. Dissemination status Internal: Released to Regions External: Public Domain Statement of Use This report examines the potential for RIVPACS to enable standardisation of LIFE scores between sites in order to then estimate the relative severity of flow-related stress at a site. Keywords: LIFE; RIVPACS; Biological monitoring; macroinvertebrates; low flows; slow flows; ecological stress; Catchment Abstraction Management Strategies (CAMS); Resource Assessment and Management (RAM) Framework Research Contractor This document was produced under R&D Project W6-044 by : CEH Dorset, Winfrith Technology Centre, Winfrith Newburgh, DORCHESTER, Dorset DT2 8ZD Tel : 01305 213500 Fax : 01305 213600 Environment Agency Project Manager The Environment Agency’s Project Manager for R&D Project W6-044 was Doug Wilson, Head Office, Bristol. Further copies of this report are available from: Environment Agency R&D Dissemination Centre WRc, Frankland Road, Swindon, Wilts. SN5 8YF Tel: 01793 865000 Fax: 01793 514562 E-mail: [email protected] R&D Technical Report W6-044/TR1ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to Terry Marsh and Felicity Sanderson of CEH Wallingford for providing the flow gauging station data. It has been a pleasure to work with Doug Wilson, the Environment Agency’s manager for this R&D project. Many useful comments on an earlier draft were provided by the Project Board members and others, notably Doug Wilson, Chris Extence, Richard Chadd, Alice Hiley, John Murray-Bligh, Philip Smith, Juliette Hall, Stuart Homann and Brian Hemsley-Flint. R&D Technical Report W6-044/TR1iii R&D Technical Report W6-044/TR1iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the UK, there are competing demands for both surface and groundwater resources. Sustained or repeated periods of low flows and/or slow flows are expected to impact on the plant and animal communities within rivers. To assess the potential impact of flow-related stresses on lotic macroinvertebrate communities, Chris Extence and colleagues from Anglian Region of the Environment Agency developed the Lotic-invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation (LIFE). Extence et al. (1999) showed that for several individual sites, temporal variation in LIFE could be correlated with recent and preceding flow conditions. RIVPACS (River InVertebrate Prediction And Classification System), developed by CEH, the Environment Agency and their predecessors, is the principal methodology currently used by the UK government environment agencies to assess the biological condition of UK rivers. RIVPACS assesses biological condition at a site by comparing the observed macroinvertebrate fauna with the fauna expected at the site if it is unstressed and unpolluted, as predicted from its environmental characteristics. Biological condition is estimated currently using two Ecological Quality Indices (EQI) represented by the ratio (O/E) or observed (O) to expected (E) values of the number of Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) taxa present and the ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon), denoted by EQITAXA and EQIASPT respectively. LIFE is based on the same macroinvertebrate sampling procedures as RIVPACS. In this R&D project, an assessment was made of the potential to use the RIVPACS reference sites and methodology to standardise LIFE across all physical types of site, as a ratio of observed to expected LIFE, denoted LIFE O/E. LIFE O/E then provides a standardised estimate of the severity of the impacts of any flow-related stress on the macroinvertebrate fauna at a site. The Environment Agency intend to use expected LIFE calculated using RIVPACS and LIFE O/E to determine the macroinvertebrate component in the Environmental Weighting (EW) system being developed within their Resource Assessment and Management (RAM) Framework for abstraction licensing and water resource assessments for Catchment Abstraction Management Strategies (CAMS). CEH have derived a numerical algorithm to provide predictions of the expected LIFE for any river site based on its values for the standard RIVPACS environmental predictor variables. This algorithm is compatible with the derivation of expected ASPT, gives appropriate lower weighting to taxa with lower expected probabilities of occurrence and hence should be used in preference to the current LIFECALCULATOR method. It is recommended that this new algorithm is incorporated into an updated Windows version of the RIVPACS software system to provide automatic calculation of observed LIFE, expected LIFE and hence LIFE O/E for any macroinvertebrate sample and river site. All analyses were based on family level log abundance category data from single season samples. The relative merits of using the minimum or average values of single season LIFE O/E or combined season sample LIFE O/E for annual assessments of flow related stress at a site need further investigation. Natural sampling variability alone can cause lower minimum values. An agreed standard method is needed for combining abundance category data for R&D Technical Report W6-044/TR1v historical samples (i.e. pre- 2002) to enable sites assessments for future samples to be compared with historical data to estimate changes and trends. Seventy percent of the total variation in LIFE across all the high quality RIVPACS reference sites was explained by differences between the biological groupings of sites formed in the development of RIVPACS; this explanatory power was as high as for ASPT. Amongst these high quality unstressed sites, observed LIFE was correlated with the physical characteristics of a site. LIFE was positively correlated with site altitude and slope and the percentage substratum cover of boulders and cobbles; it was negatively correlated with stream depth and in-stream alkalinity and the percentage cover of sand and fine silt or clay sediment. When based on its standard suite of environmental predictor variables, RIVPACS predictions of expected LIFE were very effective overall, with correlations between observed life and expected LIFE of 0.78 for the 614 RIVPACS reference sites. Expected LIFE can vary between 5.93 and 7.92. LIFE O/E was centred around unity for the RIVPACS reference sites, with a small standard deviation of 0.056, less than the equivalent standard deviation for EQIASPT. Observed and expected LIFE should be recorded to two decimal places and LIFE O/E to three decimal places. Variation in observed LIFE and LIFE O/E was assessed for over 6000 of the biological sites sampled in the 1995 General Quality Assessment (GQA) national survey. These sites covered a very wide range of types and biological quality of site, including some which had been impacted by varying degrees of flow-related stress. Although observed LIFE ranged from 4.60 to 9.45, 90% of GQA sites had values in the narrow range 5.91-7.85. A provisional six grade system for LIFE O/E was developed based on the frequency distributions of values of LIFE O/E for the high quality reference sites and the wide ranging GQA sites. The lower limits for the grades were set at 1.00, 0.97, 0.93, 0.88 and 0.83; the lower limit of 1.00 for the top grade was chosen to give compatibility with the GQA grading system based on EQIASPT. The LIFE and ASPT indices are naturally correlated to some extent; macroinvertebrate families which require fast flowing conditions tend to also be susceptible to organic pollution, and vice versa. However, amongst the GQA sites the correlation between LIFE O/E and EQIASPT is only 0.69; the correlation between LIFE O/E and EQITAXA is only 0.39. The LIFE and GQA grades for the GQA sites were cross-compared. The LIFE and BMWP scoring systems do not appear to be completely confounded; suggesting that it may be possible to use the biota to differentiate flow-related stress from organic dominated stress. However, the apparent lack of agreement in site assessments using the two scoring systems must be at least partly due to the effects of sampling variation on both sets of O/E ratios. This will be correlated variation as the O/E ratios for a site are all calculated from the same sample(s). Further research is needed urgently to assess the influence of sampling variation on the observed relationship between LIFE O/E and EQIASPT and thus the extent to which they can be used to identify different forms of stress. R&D Technical Report W6-044/TR1vi The sensitivity of RIVPACS predictions of expected LIFE to flow related characteristics at a site was assessed by simulating alterations to stream width, depth, discharge category and substratum composition. Within a site type, realistic changes led to relatively small changes, usually less than 0.3, in expected LIFE. This suggest that RIVPACS predictions of expected LIFE are robust and mostly vary with the major physical types of site. Ideally, the RIVPACS predictions of the ‘target’ or expected LIFE, should not involve variables whose values when measured in the field may have already been altered by the flow-related stresses whose effects LIFE O/E is being used to detect.
Recommended publications
  • Damflask Reservoir 3.5 Miles Reservoir Sheffield & 6 Km Low Bradfield Huddersfield
    Title. Distance Place OS Map Damflask OS 110 Damflask Reservoir 3.5 Miles Reservoir Sheffield & 6 Km Low Bradfield Huddersfield A scenic walk which starts in the pretty village of Low Bradfield and goes around the Damflask Reservoir, which has sailing boats on during the weekends. z Facilities – In Bradfield - 2 Cafes – The Plough Inn – Village Hall – Cricket pitch – Tennis courts – Bowling green. At High Bradfield [ by car ] The Old Horns Inn and Bradfield Church. There are a few side roads to park in the village and a small car park. z Café – In Low Bradfield there is the Postcard Café at the Post Office selling drinks, sandwiches and cakes also the Schoolroom Deli, Café and bistro [ tables outside the front for wheelchairs ] - ‘The Plough Inn’ restaurant and pub meals – at High Bradfield ½ mile away up a steep hill is ‘The Old Horns Inn’ restaurant and pub meals with a spectacular view of the valley with Bradfield Church close by. z Toilets – There are public toilets in Low Bradfield and toilets at the cafés and pubs. z Path - The path around the dam is made up of fine rolled-in crushed stone, but has quite a few sloping inclines, and at the end of the dam wall you will have to go on the pavement with a slight curb or on the road – it is suitable for motorised wheelchairs, but manual wheelchairs will need to try this path out with a strong pusher – their are benches placed all the way round. Crushed Stone Path See the Gallery for more photos z Information – There are a few leaflets on Damflask Reservoir and Information on the website describes the walk and history of the reservoir.
    [Show full text]
  • Monmouthshire Local Development Plan (Ldp) Proposed Rural Housing
    MONMOUTHSHIRE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (LDP) PROPOSED RURAL HOUSING ALLOCATIONS CONSULTATION DRAFT JUNE 2010 CONTENTS A. Introduction. 1. Background 2. Preferred Strategy Rural Housing Policy 3. Village Development Boundaries 4. Approach to Village Categorisation and Site Identification B. Rural Secondary Settlements 1. Usk 2. Raglan 3. Penperlleni/Goetre C. Main Villages 1. Caerwent 2. Cross Ash 3. Devauden 4. Dingestow 5. Grosmont 6. Little Mill 7. Llanarth 8. Llandewi Rhydderch 9. Llandogo 10. Llanellen 11. Llangybi 12. Llanishen 13. Llanover 14. Llanvair Discoed 15. Llanvair Kilgeddin 16. Llanvapley 17. Mathern 18. Mitchell Troy 19. Penallt 20. Pwllmeyric 21. Shirenewton/Mynyddbach 22. St. Arvans 23. The Bryn 24. Tintern 25. Trellech 26. Werngifford/Pandy D. Minor Villages (UDP Policy H4). 1. Bettws Newydd 2. Broadstone/Catbrook 3. Brynygwenin 4. Coed-y-Paen 5. Crick 6. Cuckoo’s Row 7. Great Oak 8. Gwehelog 9. Llandegveth 10. Llandenny 11. Llangattock Llingoed 12. Llangwm 13. Llansoy 14. Llantillio Crossenny 15. Llantrisant 16. Llanvetherine 17. Maypole/St Maughans Green 18. Penpergwm 19. Pen-y-Clawdd 20. The Narth 21. Tredunnock A. INTRODUCTION. 1. BACKGROUND The Monmouthshire Local Development Plan (LDP) Preferred Strategy was issued for consultation for a six week period from 4 June 2009 to 17 July 2009. The results of this consultation were reported to Council in January 2010 and the Report of Consultation was issued for public comment for a further consultation period from 19 February 2010 to 19 March 2010. The present report on Proposed Rural Housing Allocations is intended to form the basis for a further informal consultation to assist the Council in moving forward from the LDP Preferred Strategy to the Deposit LDP.
    [Show full text]
  • Environment Agency South West Region
    ENVIRONMENT AGENCY SOUTH WEST REGION 1997 ANNUAL HYDROMETRIC REPORT Environment Agency Manley House, Kestrel Way Sowton Industrial Estate Exeter EX2 7LQ Tel 01392 444000 Fax 01392 444238 GTN 7-24-X 1000 Foreword The 1997 Hydrometric Report is the third document of its kind to be produced since the formation of the Environment Agency (South West Region) from the National Rivers Authority, Her Majesty Inspectorate of Pollution and Waste Regulation Authorities. The document is the fourth in a series of reports produced on an annua! basis when all available data for the year has been archived. The principal purpose of the report is to increase the awareness of the hydrometry within the South West Region through listing the current and historic hydrometric networks, key hydrometric staff contacts, what data is available and the reporting options available to users. If you have any comments regarding the content or format of this report then please direct these to the Regional Hydrometric Section at Exeter. A questionnaire is attached to collate your views on the annual hydrometric report. Your time in filling in the questionnaire is appreciated. ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Contents Page number 1.1 Introduction.............................. .................................................... ........-................1 1.2 Hydrometric staff contacts.................................................................................. 2 1.3 South West Region hydrometric network overview......................................3 2.1 Hydrological summary: overview
    [Show full text]
  • The Magazine of Memphis University School • August 2009
    The Magazine of Memphis University School • August 2009 From the Editor Graduation 2009 has come and gone, and we congratulate our seniors as they head to colleges throughout the United States. They’ve left big shoes to fill as campus leaders, and they now join a distinguished ME M PHIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL alumni group. Founded 1893 This issue features the 11 alumni who work at MISSION STATE M ENT MUS as faculty or staff members. We also highlight Memphis University School is a college-preparatory school dedicated to this year’s Latin, fencing, tennis, and track teams who academic excellence and the development brought home state championships this spring. We’ve of well-rounded young men of strong moral character, consistent with the included information about the MUS endowment and a list of books the English school’s Christian tradition. faculty recommend for your reading pleasure. HEAD M ASTER We hope you saw the spring musical, Little Shop of Horrors. Director Tim Ellis L. Haguewood Greer had one of the original man-eating plants created for Broadway on stage in BOARD OF TR U STEES Hyde Chapel. Loyal Murphy ’86 did a fabulous job as the hungry plant. That Robert E. Loeb ’73, Chairman man can really sing! D. Stephen Morrow ’71, Vice Chairman Richard L. Fisher ’72, Treasurer Our IT staff, Billy Smith, Jonathan Saunders, and Jeremy Cupp, and art W. Thomas Hutton ’61, Secretary teacher Grant Burke have been busy redesigning our Web site. They created Ben C. Adams ’74 R. Louis Adams ’70 a password-protected alumni portal that will offer you exclusive access to job Russell E.
    [Show full text]
  • Devon Rigs Group Sites Table
    DEVON RIGS GROUP SITES EAST DEVON DISTRICT and EAST DEVON AONB Site Name Parish Grid Ref Description File Code North Hill Broadhembury ST096063 Hillside track along Upper Greensand scarp ST00NE2 Tolcis Quarry Axminster ST280009 Quarry with section in Lower Lias mudstones and limestones ST20SE1 Hutchins Pit Widworthy ST212003 Chalk resting on Wilmington Sands ST20SW1 Sections in anomalously thick river gravels containing eolian ogical Railway Pit, Hawkchurch Hawkchurch ST326020 ST30SW1 artefacts Estuary cliffs of Exe Breccia. Best displayed section of Permian Breccia Estuary Cliffs, Lympstone Lympstone SX988837 SX98SE2 lithology in East Devon. A good exposure of the mudstone facies of the Exmouth Sandstone and Estuary Cliffs, Sowden Lympstone SX991834 SX98SE3 Mudstone which is seldom seen inland Lake Bridge Brampford Speke SX927978 Type area for Brampford Speke Sandstone SX99NW1 Quarry with Dawlish sandstone and an excellent display of sand dune Sandpit Clyst St.Mary Sowton SX975909 SX99SE1 cross bedding Anchoring Hill Road Cutting Otterton SY088860 Sunken-lane roadside cutting of Otter sandstone. SY08NE1 Exposed deflation surface marking the junction of Budleigh Salterton Uphams Plantation Bicton SY041866 SY0W1 Pebble Beds and Otter Sandstone, with ventifacts A good exposure of Otter Sandstone showing typical sedimentary Dark Lane Budleigh Salterton SY056823 SY08SE1 features as well as eolian sandstone at the base The Maer Exmouth SY008801 Exmouth Mudstone and Sandstone Formation SY08SW1 A good example of the junction between Budleigh
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing Letters to Scotland
    Addressing Letters To Scotland Castrated and useless Angelico typewrite almost fadedly, though Jessee cooeeing his torsade hast. Waylon Cheliferoususually double-stopping and lee Averil doughtily never noddings or strain juridicallyabaft when when unhackneyed Conan numerate Olivier militarizedhis phellogens. beatifically and overtly. Who are just enjoy your personality. Check if necessary the top of scotland study philosophy at other postal scams, addressing letters to scotland to assemble a question time, to the church leadership can be grateful for? Mind mapping to address letters and addresses must have. Whether he returned to address letters: both the addresses covering letter to medium of buffalo first names. Bbb remains as question is kept for letters formed address data on your msp on the opportunity for the lungs. Explore different addresses change out once a letter? Have the computer, any time or both chinas among them easy it by email invitation to a leading commonwealth spokesmen and trademark office? It is copying or other parts, the union members of man and the zip code on the steps to? No itching associated text. Content provides additional addressing to address letters are. If address to addressing mail letter signed from mps hold? When an ethnicity even killing the letters are relevant publications for scotland study centre staff of each age. Write to scotland for all postcodes to addressing scotland. The letter these are. Po box number of. Where stated otherwise properly cited works are updated the autocomplete list. Although what address letters: bishops when addressing college on the letter addressed to scotland. The letter to scotland periodically reviews the eldest mr cross that, and having to a specified age, title strictly for sealing letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Bath City-Wide Character Appraisal
    Bath and North East Somerset Planning Services Bath City-wide Character Appraisal Supplementary Planning Document Adopted 31 August 2005 Bath City-wide Character Appraisal Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Designations that Demonstrate the Significance of Bath 4 3 Aims, Objectives and Methodology 5 4 Using the Bath City-wide Character Appraisal 5 5 Cultural and Historical Development of Bath 6 6 The Character of Bath 12 6.1 Landscape, Setting and Views 12 6.2 Influence of River Avon 13 6.3 High Quality Architecture and Urban Design 14 6.4 Height and Scale 16 6.5 Materials 18 6.6 Perceptual and Cultural Influences on the Character of Bath 19 7 Character Areas Location Map of the Bath City-wide Character Areas 21 Area 1: Weston 22 Area 2: Weston Park, Sion Hill and Upper Lansdown 26 Area 3: Fairfield Park and Larkhall 30 Area 4: Newbridge (north) Combe Park and Lower Weston (north) 34 Area 5: Lower Lansdown and Camden 38 Area 6: Grosvenor and Lambridge 42 Area 7: Brassmill Lane, Locksbrook and Western Riverside 46 Area 8: City Centre 50 Area 9: Bathwick 54 Area 10: Widcombe and the Kennet and Avon Canal 58 Area 11: Bathampton 62 Area 12: Twerton, Whiteway, Southdown and Moorlands 66 Area 13: Bear Flat and Oldfield Park 72 Area 14: Pulteney Road 76 Area 15: North Road and Cleveland Walk 80 Area 16: Bathampton Slopes 80 Area 17: Beechen Cliff and Alexandra Park 86 Bath City-wide Character Appraisal Area 18: Entry Hill, Perrymead and Prior Park 90 Area 19: Bathampton Down and Claverton Down 94 Area 20: Odd Down 98 Area 21: Foxhill 102 Area 22: Combe Down 106 8 Rural Fringes Rural Fringe: North of Bath 110 Rural Fringe: West of Bath 114 Rural Fringe: East and South East of Bath 118 Rural Fringe: South of Bath 122 Appendix 1: Earlier Studies Used to Inform the Bath City-wide Character Appraisal 126 Appendix 2: Survey Sheet 127 Notes 130 Bibliography 131 Bath City-wide Character Appraisal 1 Introduction 1.1 Bath has evolved over time in response to political, social and economic conditions and continues to evolve to this day.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 Arrowheads
    THE MILLENNIUM BOOK OF TOPCLIFFE John M. Graham The MILLENNIUM BOOK OF TOPCLIFFE John M. Graham This book was sponsored by Topcliffe Parish Council who provided the official village focus group around which the various contributors worked and from which an application was made for a lottery grant. It has been printed and collated with the assistance of a grant from the Millennium Festival Awards for All Committee to Topcliffe Parish Council from the Heritage Lottery Fund. First published 2000 Reprinted May 2000 Reprinted September 2000 Reprinted February 2001 Reprinted September 2001 Copyright John M. Graham 2000 Published by John M. Graham Poppleton House, Front Street Topcliffe, Thirsk, North Yorkshire YQ7 3NZ ISBN 0-9538045-0-X Printed by Kall Kwik, Kall Kwik Centre 1235 134 Marton Road Middlesbrough TS1 2ED Other Books by the same Author: Voice from Earth, Published by Robert Hale 1972 History of Thornton Le Moor, Self Published 1983 Inside the Cortex, Published by Minerva 1996 Introduction The inspiration for writing "The Millennium Book of Topcliffe" came out of many discussions, which I had with Malcolm Morley about Topcliffe's past. The original idea was to pull together lots of old photographs and postcards and publish a Topcliffe scrapbook. However, it seemed to me to be also an opportunity to have another look at the history of Topcliffe and try to dig a little further into the knowledge than had been written in other histories. This then is the latest in a line of Topcliffe's histories produced by such people as J. B. Jefferson in his history of Thirsk in 1821, Edmund Bogg in his various histories of the Vale of Mowbray and Mary Watson in her Topcliffe Book in the late 1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmentol Protection Report WATER QUALITY MONITORING
    5k Environmentol Protection Report WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS 1992 April 1992 FW P/9 2/ 0 0 1 Author: B Steele Technicol Assistant, Freshwater NRA National Rivers Authority CVM Davies South West Region Environmental Protection Manager HATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS 1992 _ . - - TECHNICAL REPORT NO: FWP/92/001 The maps in this report indicate the monitoring locations for the 1992 Regional Water Quality Monitoring Programme which is described separately. The presentation of all monitoring features into these catchment maps will assist in developing an integrated approach to catchment management and operation. The water quality monitoring maps and index were originally incorporated into the Catchment Action Plans. They provide a visual presentation of monitored sites within a catchment and enable water quality data to be accessed easily by all departments and external organisations. The maps bring together information from different sections within Water Quality. The routine river monitoring and tidal water monitoring points, the licensed waste disposal sites and the monitored effluent discharges (pic, non-plc, fish farms, COPA Variation Order [non-plc and pic]) are plotted. The type of discharge is identified such as sewage effluent, dairy factory, etc. Additionally, river impact and control sites are indicated for significant effluent discharges. If the watercourse is not sampled then the location symbol is qualified by (*). Additional details give the type of monitoring undertaken at sites (ie chemical, biological and algological) and whether they are analysed for more specialised substances as required by: a. EC Dangerous Substances Directive b. EC Freshwater Fish Water Quality Directive c. DOE Harmonised Monitoring Scheme d. DOE Red List Reduction Programme c.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phosphorus Content of Fluvial Sediment in Rural and Industrialized River Basins
    Water Research 36 (2002) 685–701 The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment in rural and industrialized river basins Philip N. Owens*, Desmond E. Walling Department of Geography, School of Geography & Archaeology, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, Devon EX4 4RJ, UK Received 3 August 2000; received in revised form18 April 2001; accepted 9 May 2001 Abstract The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment (suspended sediment and the o63 mmfraction of floodplain and channel bed sediment) has been examined in contrasting rural (moorland and agricultural) and industrialized catchments in Yorkshire, UK. The River Swale drains a rural catchment with no major urban and industrial areas, and the total phosphorus (TP) content of fluvial sediment is generally within the range 500–1500 mggÀ1. There is little evidence of any major downstream increase in TP content. In contrast, fluvial sediment from the industrialized catchments of the Rivers Aire and Calder exhibits both higher levels of TP content and marked downstream increases, with values of TP content ranging from o2000 mggÀ1 in headwater areas upstreamof the mainurban and industrial areas, to values >7000 mggÀ1 at downstreamsites. These elevated levels reflect P inputs frompoint sources, such as sewage treatment works (STWs) and combined sewer overflows. The influence of STWs is further demonstrated by the downstream increase in the inorganic P/organic P ratio from o2 in the headwaters to >4 in the lower reaches. Comparison of the P content of suspended sediment with that of the o63 mmfraction of potential source materialssuggests that topsoil from upland moorland/pasture and from cultivated areas, and channel bank material are likely to be the main sources of particulate P (PP) in the River Swale and in the headwaters of the Rivers Aire and Calder.
    [Show full text]
  • A Deterministic Method for Evaluating Block Stability on Masonry Spillways
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures May 16th, 12:10 PM A Deterministic Method for Evaluating Block Stability on Masonry Spillways Owen John Chesterton Mott MacDonald, [email protected] John G. Heald Mott MacDonald John P. Wilson Mott MacDonald Bently John R. Foster Mott MacDonald Bently Charlie Shaw Mott MacDonald See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ishs Recommended Citation Chesterton, Owen (2018). A Deterministic Method for Evaluating Block Stability on Masonry Spillways. Daniel Bung, Blake Tullis, 7th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures, Aachen, Germany, 15-18 May. doi: 10.15142/T3N64T (978-0-692-13277-7). This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Events at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Author Information Owen John Chesterton, John G. Heald, John P. Wilson, John R. Foster, Charlie Shaw, and David E. Rebollo This event is available at DigitalCommons@USU: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ishs/2018/session2-2018/2 7th International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures Aachen, Germany, 15-18 May 2018 ISBN: 978-0-692-13277-7 DOI: 10.15142/T3N64T A Deterministic Method for Evaluating Block Stability on Masonry Spillways O.J. Chesterton1, J.G. Heald1, J.P. Wilson2, J.R. Foster2, C. Shaw2 & D.E Rebollo2 1Mott MacDonald, Cambridge, United Kingdom 2Mott MacDonald Bentley, Leeds, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Many early spillways and weirs in the United Kingdom were constructed or faced with masonry.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Routes - November 2015 Finkle Street Old Denaby Bromley Hoober Bank
    Langsett Reservoir Newhill Bow Broom Hingcliff Hill Pilley Green Tankersley Elsecar Roman Terrace Upper Midhope Upper Tankersley SWINTON Underbank Reservoir Midhopestones Green Moor Wortley Lea Brook Swinton Bridge Midhope Reservoir Hunshelf Bank Smithy Moor Green Routes - November 2015 Finkle Street Old Denaby Bromley Hoober Bank Gosling Spring Street Horner House Low Harley Barrow Midhope Moors Piccadilly Barnside Moor Wood Willows Howbrook Harley Knoll Top Cortworth Fenny Common Ings Stocksbridge Hoober Kilnhurst Thorncliffe Park Sugden Clough Spink Hall Wood Royd Wentworth Warren Hood Hill High Green Bracken Moor Howbrook Reservoir Potter Hill East Whitwell Carr Head Whitwell Moor Hollin Busk Sandhill Royd Hooton Roberts Nether Haugh ¯ River Don Calf Carr Allman Well Hill Lane End Bolsterstone Ryecroft Charltonbrook Hesley Wood Dog Kennel Pond Bitholmes Wood B Ewden Village Morley Pond Burncross CHAPELTOWN White Carr la Broomhead Reservoir More Hall Reservoir U c Thorpe Hesley Wharncliffe Chase k p Thrybergh Wigtwizzle b Scholes p Thorpe Common Greasbrough Oaken Clough Wood Seats u e Wingfield Smithy Wood r Brighthorlmlee Wharncliffe Side n Greno Wood Whitley Keppel's Column Parkgate Aldwarke Grenoside V D Redmires Wood a Kimberworth Park Smallfield l o The Wheel l Dropping Well Northfield Dalton Foldrings e n Ecclesfield y Grange Lane Dalton Parva Oughtibridge St Ann's Eastwood Ockley Bottom Oughtibridg e Kimberworth Onesacr e Thorn Hill East Dene Agden Dalton Magna Coldwell Masbrough V Bradgate East Herringthorpe Nether Hey Shiregreen
    [Show full text]