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St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska

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St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska Environmental Geochemical Studies of Selected Mineral Deposits in Wrangell- St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska By Robert G. Eppinger, Paul H. Briggs, Danny Rosenkrans, andVanessa Ballestrazze U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1619 Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 This publication is also available online at: http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/ppapers/p1619/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Environmental geochemical studies of selected mineral deposits in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska / by Robert G. Eppinger ... [et al.]. p. cm.-(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1619) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Environmental geochemistry-Alaska-Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve. 2. Ore deposits-Alaska-Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve. I. Eppinger, R.G. II. Series. Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... Introduction .................................................................................................................................. Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... Methods ........................................................................................................................................ Kennecott ...................................................................................................................................... Geology, Deposit Setting, and Mining History............................................................ Results of Study .............................................................................................................. lnterpretation ............................................................................................................... Bremner ......................................................................................................................................... Geology, Deposit Setting, and Mining History............................................................ Results of Study .............................................................................................................. lnterpretation .................................................................................................................. Gold Hill ......................................................................................................................................... Geology. Deposit Setting. and Mining History............................................................ Results of Study .............................................................................................................. lnterpretation .................................................................................................................. Orange Hill and Bond Creek ....................................................................................................... Geology. Deposit Setting. and Mining History............................................................ Results of Study .............................................................................................................. lnterpretation .................................................................................................................. Nabesna ........................................................................................................................................ Geology, Deposit Setting, and Mining History............................................................ Results of Study .............................................................................................................. lnterpretation .................................................................................................................. Discussion.................................................................................................................................... Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... References Cited .......................................................................................................................... Appendix . Basic Statistics for Sediments, Rocks, Alluvial Heavy-Mineral Concentrates, and Leachates for Samples from All Areas Studied in Wrangell-St . Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska ................................................. 1. Map showing locations of areas studied in Wrangell-St . Elias National Park and Preserve. Alaska .......................................................................................................3 2 . Photographs showing present-day setting of areas studied in Wrangell- St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska .............................................................. 4 3-7. Maps showing generalized geology and site locations for samples collected in: 3. Kennecott mine area............................................................................................. 4. Bremner area ........................................................................................................ 5. Gold Hill mine area ................................................................................................ 6. Orange Hill and Bond Creek areas .................................................................... 7. Nabesna mine area .............................................................................................. 8-12. Piper diagrams and box and whisker diagrams showing, respectively: 8. Major and trace ion composition, and summary statistics for selected ions and field parameters, in 13 water samples from Kennecott area ...................................................................................................... 9. Major and trace ion composition, and summary statistics for selected ions and field parameters, in 10 water samples from Bremner area ......................................................................................................... 10. Major and trace ion composition, and summary statistics for selected ions and field parameters, in 16 water samples from Gold Hill area .......................................................................................................... 11. Major and trace ion composition, and summary statistics for selected ions and field parameters, in 17 water samples from Orange Hill and Bond Creek areas ..................................................................... 12. Major and trace ion composition, and summary statistics for selected ions and field parameters, in 55 water samples from Nabesna area......................................................................................................... 13. Sketch map and distribution of arsenic and manganese in water along Cabin Creek above, on, and below Nabesna mill tailings piles ............................... 14. Ficklin diagrams of pH versus dissolved metal content in water samples collected from Nabesna, Orange Hill and Bond Creek, Kennecott, Bremner, and Gold Hill ................................................................................................... 1. Sample media collected at study areas in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska ....................................................................................................... 5 2. Elements determined, analytical methods, and collection/preparation procedures used ...............................................................................................................6 Environmental Geochemical Studies of Selected Mineral Deposits in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska By Robert G. ~ppin~er,'Paul H. Briggs, Danny ~osenkrans.2andVanessa Ballestrazze Abstract type. Conductivities range from 86 to 220 microsiemens per centimeter, and alkalinities range from < 10 to 26 parts per million (as calcium carbonate). In two instances, manganese Environmental geochemical investigations took place in concentrations are slightly above and pH is slightly below max- Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), Alaska, imum contaminant level guidelines. In waters, the low alkalini- between 1994 and 1997. Areas studied include the historic ties, predominance of sulfate over bicarbonate, near neutral pH Kennecott stratabound copper mines and mill area; the historic values, and low dissolved metal contents are the result of the mines and mill in the Bremner district, where gold was pro- geologic setting-pyrite- and calcite-bearing quartz veins that duced from polymetallic veins; the sporadically active gold cut carbonate-poor slates of the Cretaceous Valdez Group. placer mines at Gold Hill; the undisturbed, unmined porphyry Variation in leachate chemistry from mine waste and mill tail- copper-molybdenum deposits at Orange Hill and Bond Creek; ings
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