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Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Oregon State Historic Preservation Office Table of Contents

Introduction...... 1 Issue 5: Information Sharing and Accessibility...... 18 Creating the 2018–2023 Oregon Historic Preservation Plan...... 3 Issue 6: Identification and Designation of Cultural Resources...... 20 Purpose of the Plan...... 4 Issue 7: Preservation, Rehabilitation, and Integration with Other Plans...... 4 Protection of Cultural Resources...... 23 SHPO Role and Priorities...... 5 Issue 8: Grants and Funding...... 25 The Role of the Heritage Community...... 7 Issue 9: Economic Development...... 27 Issue 10: Statutes, Ordinances, Codes, and Processes...... 29 Issues, Goals, and Objectives...... 9 Issue 1: Government Partnerships...... 10 Implementation and Conclusion...... 31 Issue 2: Advocacy and Heritage Partner Networking...... 12 Appendix I: Oregon’s Cultural Resources...... 32 Issue 3: Public Outreach and Education...... 14 Appendix II: Bibliography...... 38 Issue 4: Professional Preservation Education ...... 16

Front Cover – Roseburg Veterans Affairs Medical Center Below – Redmond City Hall re-opening in former High School 1

Introduction

Oregon’s special places connect us to When the SHPO published the 2011–2016 II that threatened agricultural and forest our past by creating physical continuity Oregon Historic Preservation Plan, the lands, natural spaces, and livability. Led over generations and space for public nation was just coming out of one of the by Republican Governor Tom McCall, conversations about our values and identity. worst economic downturns in recent history. Oregonians proactively managed the change The ongoing process of recognizing and Development pressure on historic properties through citizen-driven land use planning. interpreting these places must be a local one, and archaeological sites lessened during this The 1973 Oregon Land Conservation driven by inclusive public participation. The period, especially in urban areas. The years and Development Act, Senate Bill 100, Oregon State Historic Preservation Office since the Great Recession brought a period introduced the first and only statewide (SHPO) enables these community-driven of sustained, if uneven, growth. The U.S. comprehensive land use planning system projects by creating a favorable environment Census reported Oregon’s population at just in the nation. Later adopted under the Act through statewide leadership and the over 3.4 million in 2000. Oregon’s population was Goal 5, which addressed over a dozen effective administration of federal and state grew to an estimated 4.1 million residents in types of resources, including historic places. programs and grants. The SHPO offers 2017 according to Portland State University’s Compliance with the revised Goal 5 Rule its many partners information, technical Population Research Center. Most of the adopted in February 2017 is optional for assistance, funding, and networking and increase came from people moving to the local jurisdictions. Communities may no collaboration opportunities to achieve their state. Oregon welcomed over 60,000 new longer regulate properties or sites listed own preservation goals. citizens between July 2016 and July 2017 in the National Register unless the local alone, many of whom are drawn by the state’s jurisdiction separately adopts additional The 2018–2023 Oregon Historic Preservation beauty and opportunity. protections through a public process or they Plan distills the ideas and comments are locally listed. But communities must collected through a broad outreach effort Growth brings benefits and, in some cases, review a proposed demolition or relocation. led by the SHPO staff. Participants spanned jarring change. Infrastructure development, With these changes, the core idea of Goal 5 Oregon’s heritage community. This included demand for housing, and other factors put is still intact: communities should engage in the SHPO’s traditional partners and pressure on cultural resources. Participants a public process to identify and protect their those involved with museums, archives, in public outreach meetings and through important historic resources. cemeteries, and local historical societies, an online survey identified threatened among other organizations, and anyone with resources as diverse as tribal sites statewide, The purpose of preservation, Goal 5, and an interest in Oregon’s culture and history. the Oregon Trail in the northeast, Central our state’s many heritage programs is not to The response was clear: Oregonians want Oregon’s irrigation canals, Astoria’s historic prevent change. Instead, preservation is a resources to carry out their local projects waterfront, southern Oregon’s Chinese sites, tool that manages change by naming those and a more thematically representative state and Portland’s neighborhoods. Participants physical pieces of the past that are critical inventory and National Register of Historic also raised the special challenges of to our story. It is a tool to ensure that these Places list. Participants emphasized the preserving historic landscapes, cemeteries, important places serve their communities need for better public education about what ships, planes, and railroad locomotives and equitably, productively, sustainably, and the heritage community does and why it is rolling stock, among other unique resources. economically into the future. important. They also expressed overarching Oregon has experienced this kind of change Concrete solutions exist to meet the concern about the impact of rapid change on before. The state saw rapid population challenges facing the heritage community, Oregon’s special places. growth and development after World War but they are not easily accomplished. The 2 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

heritage community must take responsibility collections, and practices must be saved. This proposal will likely be demolished. Historic for sharing the value of its work with the means we experts must let go of academic landscapes and archaeological sites can public. The effort requires coordination explanations and exclusive terminology. be saved through thoughtful attention to and individual commitment, qualities that Popular media can help, too. Experts tend their unique preservation challenges. When are well-represented throughout Oregon’s to write back and forth to each other in appropriate, well-interpreted landscapes and heritage community. To that end, the SHPO industry publications. To reach a broad sites are important community educational offers these guiding principles for preserving audience, the heritage community needs assets. what matters most in our changing state. to use popular media, such as newspapers, Span professional disciplines and lifestyle magazines, advertising campaigns, jurisdictions. Working toward a common and digital media. goal alongside other disciplines and at all Save what matters most. Preservation is levels of government is critical for success. a physical connection to the past. Those It does not help organizations or the buildings, sites, documents, or artifacts resources the heritage community cares from years ago can create here-and-now for to be territorial and competitive about conversations about how we remember and a project. Blurring established professional understand our history. But not every old and jurisdictional boundaries and learning building or artifact has the same significance other viewpoints often leads to better to the community. Overriding values or results than drawing a bold line in the sand. other needs are more important in some Working with housing, environment, and cases. Communities can build support by sustainability advocates and others offers focusing on those resources that truly matter exciting opportunities. to them. The heritage community will build The heritage community’s mission is even trust and credibility with the public by more important now. With the public helping guide these conversations. leading the way, professionals across Create a future for our special places. The disciplines can assist communities in long-term preservation of our special places identifying and managing their special Petersen Rock Garden, Redmond rests in finding a community use for them. places. Together, we can ensure that our past While some may become museums, cultural is preserved, interpreted, and used so that attractions, or funky breweries, most will be it is culturally and economically relevant Engage the public. Not everyone calls rehabilitated for continued use or find a new into the future. These efforts will result in themselves a “preservationist,” but most job. Helping property owners, developers, broad support for heritage organizations seek a connection to the past—whether and the public see a future for historic places and preservation. This includes a deepening that means swapping family history at a beyond a museum or pub means talking integration of current preservation practices potluck or dedicating a career to preserving about historic buildings as community assets. and programs into statewide transportation historic places. The public knows what is This approach reframes the conversation strategies, local comprehensive plans, important and meaningful to them. To stay from the start. Regardless of their cultural disaster preparedness initiatives, and private relevant, the heritage community must allow value, buildings that do not have a job in the redevelopment proposal. The public will the public to identify what special places, community or in a future redevelopment expect it, foundations will fund it, legislators 3

will understand it, and governors will call for these draft statements as it. Every partner in the heritage community a springboard for broad has a role in achieving this goal. Using public outreach. the framework outlined in the 2018–2023 Beginning in Fall 2016 Oregon Historic Preservation Plan, the through Spring 2017, heritage community will continue to clarify staff collected ideas and and align our roles to meet the needs of our comments from the public changing state. and key partners about the direction that Oregon’s Creating the 2018–2023 heritage community should Oregon Historic take for the next five years. Preservation Plan More than 170 Oregonians participated in a series of six In summer 2016, the SHPO staff reviewed public workshops held in the progress on the 2011–2016 Oregon Portland, Eugene, Medford, Historic Preservation Plan. During the Astoria, Redmond, and previous five years the SHPO expanded its La Grande. The SHPO number of grant and recognition programs. contacted possible The SHPO created the Preserving Oregon participants by advertising Redmond City Hall re-opening in former high school building and Diamonds in the Rough grants and the the event on the agency’s Heritage All-Star Community designation, website and social media outlets. Staff An online survey using the free web-based among others. The number of communities sent press releases to the media and direct service Survey Monkey was distributed on creating their own preservation programs email to those who had used any one of the November 8, 2016 through the agency’s under the Certified Local Government agency’s programs in the past. Local hosts at social media outlets and website and Program and pursuing downtown economic each of the locations advertised the meetings direct email from agency contact lists. revitalization with the Oregon Main Street as well. Participants included federal, The survey remained open until June 29, Program grew quickly. Participation in the tribal, state, and local officials, consultants, 2017. The survey collected the opinions of Oregon Heritage Conference increased as museum professionals, advocates, landmark 348 Oregonians across 32 of the state’s 36 did the number and frequency of workshops commissioners, students and educators, counties. Like the workshops, participation offered by the agency. Considering the and members of the general public. At spanned the entire heritage community and continued growth and improvement each meeting staff gave a brief presentation included the general public. The majority potential for current programs and available on each of the 10 draft issues and goals. of respondents were concentrated in the resources, staff focused on broadening the Participants were asked to choose four urban areas along the Interstate 5 corridor, reach of existing efforts and improving for further discussion. The most popular with a representative number of responses customer service. This focus led staff to topics were preservation and rehabilitation from central, eastern, and coastal Oregon. revise the issue and goal statements that of cultural resources, grants and funding, The survey asked participants how agency created these programs to reflect current education, and survey and designation. programs meet their needs and priorities, opportunities and challenges as these same measured customer satisfaction, and initiatives continue to grow. Staff used 4 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

established priorities for the identification, sites was raised frequently at meetings Purpose of the Plan designation, protection, and treatment of and in the online survey. Participants also historic properties and archaeological sites. called for more effective protection for The Oregon Historic Preservation Plan cultural resources and increased training, is a brief, conceptual guiding document Staff also hosted workshop sessions with the funding, and support for bricks-and-mortar that serves two primary purposes. First, it following key state commissions and work preservation and education projects. There defines the SHPO’s philosophy and approach groups with special interest or expertise in was a strong call for the office to actively and identifies important issues and broad cultural or heritage resources: engage at all levels of government and with goals. Work plans for the office, specific • State Advisory Committee on Historic the heritage community to better support programs, and individual staff members Preservation preservation efforts across the state. are rooted in the plan. These plans are the • Oregon Heritage Commission “working” element of the plan and include While generally satisfied with the agency’s specific goals and timelines. Second, the • Oregon Commission on Historic services, participants identified key areas plan is a framework for coordinating Cemeteries for improvement. Many called for better the goals and activities of the heritage • Oregon Historic Trails Advisory Council online services that provide more complete community statewide and those individuals • Intergovernmental Cultural Resource information and allow for digital submission and organizations that are not part of the Council, a working group of federal and of documents in easy-to-use formats. SHPO. This includes historic property state agencies and tribal governments Delayed responses and administrative owners, federal agencies, tribes, state offices, A special session was held with city and processes seen as complicated or lacking regional and local governments, Oregon county planners from communities transparency were also identified as issues. Main Street Network communities, Certified participating in the Certified Local Many believed that increased funding for the Local Governments, museums, libraries, Government Program at the annual SHPO- agency’s grant programs was an important archives, historical societies, and the wide sponsored training. need. Most found the workshops and on- variety of building, design, finance, and site visits the SHPO conducts through its real-estate professionals. The plan provides Across the agency’s outreach efforts, several programs helpful, but some believed a comprehensive view of preservation and participants shared a vision for the state that that these efforts were too infrequent, not heritage issues and activities statewide and included a more inclusive recognition of the convenient to attend, or not completely invites cooperation toward mutual goals. state’s history, better protection for cultural relevant. A key finding of the online survey resources, more educational outreach, and was that many were unaware of all of the improved services. A key theme from the agency’s programs, indicating the need Integration with Other Plans outreach effort was the need for a more for greater outreach. The insights gained The Oregon Historic Preservation Plan thematically representative state inventory through public outreach were integrated into is just one of the documents the SHPO and National Register list that included the comprehensive revision of the 2011–2016 works with in its role as part of the Heritage places associated with Native Americans, document and consulted for this 2018–2023 Division of the Oregon Parks and Recreation Oregon’s diverse populations, and the state’s Oregon Historic Preservation Plan. Department (OPRD). This plan is written so rural areas and key industries. There was also that it meshes with two other key internal continued interest in Oregon’s settlement agency planning documents. era, including the Oregon Trail. The need to identify and designate archaeological 5

The first is an overarching plan for OPRD known as “Centennial Horizon.” The plan outlines broad goals for the agency to focus on through the year 2022, the date that marks the centennial of Oregon State Parks. Centennial Horizon highlights three principles relating to the agency’s stewardship of natural and cultural resources: saving Oregon’s special places, connecting Oregonians to meaningful experiences, and taking the long view toward resource preservation through sustainable funding. These principles support the goals of historic preservation. The plan commits OPRD to the continued care and active interpretation of historic places under the agency’s stewardship, as well as the selective acquisition of historic places. The SHPO supports the agency’s mission in its advisory role under state and federal laws. In turn, OPRD’s commitment to cultural resources provides a supportive framework 99W Drive-In, Newberg for the SHPO’s statewide initiatives to assist our partners in their efforts to identify organizations across the state. The work of broadly create a supportive environment for and designate historic properties and the Commission and the SHPO are mutually the SHPO’s efforts across the state. archaeological sites, plan for long-term supportive, with the activities of both resource preservation, and make meaningful encouraging participation in each other’s SHPO Role and Priorities connections between Oregonians and their programs and fostering partnerships within history. The Oregon SHPO acts as the statewide Oregon’s heritage community. The Oregon leader for historic preservation responsible Heritage Plan focuses on strengthening the A second companion planning document for creating an environment that enables and heritage community by providing support is the Oregon Heritage Commission’s encourages local preservation projects. In for collections management, touting the 2014–2019 Oregon Heritage Plan. As this lead role, the SHPO administers an array benefits of heritage tourism, encouraging a part of the Heritage Division, the of federal and state preservation programs history education, and providing Commission’s initiatives include various that provide information, technical expertise, communication tools for heritage issues. grant, technical assistance, and recognition and funding to facilitate the work of partner programs that support a range of heritage The goals and activities of the Commission 6 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

organizations. The needs of the public, tribes, public in meaningful conversation. The are most important. The process invites government agencies, and our many partner following describes the SHPO’s approach to conversations about community identity and organizations drive the day-to-day workload preservation planning and its benefits. asks the public to consider the meaning and for many of these programs. However, the importance of the past in everyday life. Identify. The first step in preservation SHPO can emphasize one program over planning is identifying a community’s The evaluation process is also important another through the allocation of funding potential pool of historic properties and in long-term project planning. Federal and and staff resources. archaeological sites eligible for designation. state agencies have obligations under the Most of the SHPO’s programs address at The survey process itself can be a catalyst National Historic Preservation Act. Most least one of the four components of the for community pride and build public commonly, these include consultation National Park Service’s approach to historic support for preservation. Documents and requirements for projects funded or preservation: identify, evaluate, designate, photographs discovered during a survey can permitted by agencies. Staff regularly make and treat. The Oregon SHPO believes that later serve as references for rehabilitation decisions about cultural resources that affect education is an important fifth component. and restoration projects and materials for local communities. Local people can use Together, these five approaches form education outreach. current information from their own efforts the basis of preservation planning and to communicate early on about the places Surveys can also be used to identify at encourage active consideration of what that matter most to them. risk places. Whole groups of properties cultural resources are important and how can be at risk, such as places impacted by Designate. Local listing, adding a property best to preserve and interpret them. changing natural environments, buildings to the National Register of Historic Places, The preservation planning process is with unreinforced masonry vulnerable and other designations and recognition crucial. Preservation efforts rely heavily to earthquakes, modern-style buildings programs are tools used to identify the most on public institutions and funds, and these perceived as being too new to preserve, or important cultural resources and ensure resources are limited. Engaging the public barns struggling to find new uses. Noting their long-term preservation. If community in preservation planning is an effective tool these places early informs project planning leaders and planners know which sites are to build the necessary support for local efforts at all levels of government and buys important, they are more likely to avoid programs and projects. To this end, the time to evaluate resources, develop project them during construction, include them goals and objectives in this plan focus on alternatives, prepare treatment strategies, in disaster planning, and leverage them as strengthening our many partners, including and plan for good preservation outcomes. cultural and economic assets. The process of those participating in the Certified Local designation can also serve as a community- Evaluate. Not all properties identified Government and Oregon Main Street wide remembrance of the important persons in a community survey can or should be Network programs. and events that made a place what it is today. preserved. The process of evaluating what The ultimate goal of preservation properties and sites to recognize must rest Treat. When a community designates a planning is the long-term protection of a in a broad and inclusive understanding historic property, it commits to that special community’s significant historic properties of a community’s history. Robust public place’s long-term preservation. Local and archaeological sites. Each step of the outreach that carefully considers the incentives paired with federal and state process is a valuable opportunity to engage community’s shared values and needs is tax programs and grants can encourage the heritage community and the general key to deciding which properties and sites thoughtful preservation projects and assist 7

owners in maintaining their historic place. community does much of the on-the- which carries out the same functions as Well-written local preservation ordinances, ground preservation work at the regional or the SHPO on tribal lands. Growing tribal design guidelines, and disaster preparedness local levels. The following partners play an cultural resource programs encompass many plans can address how best to preserve a important role in carrying out preservation facets of native culture and enrich the lives property or site’s important features that activities across the state: of tribal members and the community at convey its unique physical connection to the large. Members of the heritage community Federal and state agencies. As stewards community’s history. must engage with tribes in meaningful and regulators of public property, federal conversations. Working collaboratively, Educate. The value of historic properties and state agencies have a legal obligation partners can advance the identification and and archaeological sites is in the connection to identify, evaluate, designate, and protection of resources. These relationships they create between the present and treat significant historic properties and create an understanding of the ongoing role the past as physical representations of a archaeological sites. Many also administer tribes play in Oregon’s past and future. community’s values and identity. However, educational programs. Federal agencies play this connection cannot be taken for granted. a particularly important role. Federal lands Certified Local Governments. The Certified Robust, proactive education programs that account for 52.9 percent of all property in Local Government Program is a partnership connect history to the everyday present are the state, mostly administered by either between the National Park Service, essential for maintaining public support. the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) the Oregon SHPO, and communities It is also important to make the case that or the U.S. Forest Service. Federal agencies that supports local preservation efforts the local preservation program, including are caretakers of some of the state’s most through funding, training, and technical incentives and appropriate regulation, important places, including Timberline support. Participating city and county preserves a community’s unique identity, Lodge in the Mount Hood National Forest governments serve a crucial role in the livability, and economic vitality. and the Paisley Caves archaeological site physical preservation of cultural resources. on BLM-administered land in central By identifying, evaluating, and designating There are many reasons to proactively Oregon. Limited public resources mean that properties, they can protect them under identify, evaluate, designate, and treat responsible stewardship involves steering state law and local preservation ordinances. cultural resources and to educate the public resources to those places that have the Local governments can drive efforts through through a robust local preservation planning greatest cultural value. Federal and state robust community-driven survey programs program. Every member of the heritage agencies can further preservation efforts resulting in local designation, nomination community plays an important part in this across Oregon by working with the public to of properties to the National Register, and effort. identify the most important properties and thoughtful regulation. Active, engaging sites and then committing to their long-term The Role of the education programs and incentives will preservation. build broad public support. Heritage Community Tribal governments. Oregon’s nine Nonprofit organizations. Within the While the Oregon SHPO sets the tone federally-recognized tribal governments heritage community, nonprofit organizations for statewide preservation efforts and are invaluable partners in the preservation include museums, archives, historical administers the national and state programs, of cultural resources related to the state’s societies, friends groups, and advocacy the agency itself does not own or manage first peoples. Many tribes have a Tribal organizations, among others. These cultural resources. Instead, the heritage Historic Preservation Office (THPO), groups engage in a wide variety of work 8 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

from advocacy and bricks-and-mortar Professionals and professional archaeological sites to be preserved and preservation to archives and living history. organizations. Preservation, building, interpreted in meaningful and relevant ways. Nonprofit organizations serve the entire design, finance, and real-estate professionals To encourage this, the heritage community heritage community by engaging the public among others in both the private and public must engage the public’s many interests to in learning about and interpreting our shared sector play a key role in providing specialized identify what resources are most important. past. The many communities participating in services in support of preservation and The SHPO encourages all our heritage Oregon’s Main Street Network drive efforts heritage activities. In addition to these community partners to consider the to culturally and economically revitalize individual efforts, professional organizations importance of preservation planning Oregon’s historic downtowns. Nonprofit serve an important education and advocacy and their role in proactively identifying, organizations’ unique position as advocates role, both in the interest of their members evaluating, designating, and treating for preservation and heritage issues enables and the public. Professionals drive efforts the most important resources as well as them to reach out to elected officials, by demonstrating the cultural, educational, educating the communities they serve. corporate interests, and the public when and economic value of preservation in their government agencies cannot. work and through volunteering in support of nonprofit organizations and other heritage Universities, colleges, trade schools, and groups. their students. Educational institutions play a vital role in training the next generation Historic property owners. Most of Oregon’s of heritage professionals who will assist cultural resources, including the great their communities with the important work majority of the state’s historic districts, are in of identifying, evaluating, designating, private ownership. If these resources are to and treating historic properties and be preserved, the owners must be engaged archaeological sites. They are responsible in the thoughtful maintenance of their for the curation of our shared heritage and property and, most importantly, the curation educating the public. Our universities are of its unique story. The broader heritage leading the way in document preservation, community can help by providing education carrying out initiatives to digitize important materials, incentives, and funding that records and make them available to all encourages physical preservation. Oregonians. These institutions and their Public, businesses, foundations, and trusts. students are also important advocates for Preserving our history is a community value. preservation and heritage issues, bringing This collective effort requires robust public needed resources to larger efforts, and support for tax-supported government providing valuable research to solve pressing and incentive programs, laws, and policies. preservation issues. These systems allow historic properties and Hometown Hardware, Myrtle Point 9

Issues, Goals, and Objectives

The following section is the core of the community toward mutually-supportive one or more of the five approaches to Oregon Historic Preservation Plan, which goals. This broader constituency includes preservation planning: identify, evaluate, asserts that the SHPO will lead where federal, tribal, and state governments and designate, treat, and educate. For each issue, appropriate and empower others to do agencies, nonprofit organizations, universities a broad goal statement captures the desired likewise. The plan specifically addresses and colleges, professional organizations, outcome, followed by specific objectives the SHPO’s legislative mission to identify, and individuals involved in curation and for meeting that goal. The SHPO’s ongoing, evaluate, designate, and treat historic interpretation of heritage resources, including regular work to carry out its mission are not properties and archaeological sites. Also collections, archives, special places, and listed as objectives; instead they are noted described are the SHPO’s education outreach traditional practice and memory. within each issue as “continuing efforts.” efforts. Integrated into the narrative are Accomplishments tied to the 2011-2016 concrete objectives that describe how the The plan is organized into 10 key issues that Oregon Historic Preservation Plan are SHPO and traditional preservation interests emerged from the SHPO’s statewide outreach. noted. A timeline of important events along can collaborate with the larger heritage Each is discussed below and associated with the bottom shows the many successes and challenges that shaped preservation efforts in Oregon over the last 120 years. Appendix I provides a description and analysis of Whilamut Passage Oregon’s cultural resources. Bridge History Project The issues, goals, and objectives below are not in order of priority, and they are certainly not comprehensive. With this information, the SHPO hopes to embolden advocates in their chosen roles, to reveal any gaps in the network of services, and to reinforce ways the heritage community can work better together.

Preserving Oregon Timeline The Oregon Historical Society A timeline of important events that is founded.

shows the many successes and challenges 1898 that shaped preservation efforts in Oregon over the last 120 years. 10 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Issue 1: Government Partnerships

Preservation Planning Approaches: Goal: Identify, Evaluate, Designate, Treat, Educate Leverage partnerships to the fullest to pool knowledge, experience, and assets to support The SHPO works regularly with many types when planning for government-funded proactive preservation planning that results of government partners, which include or permitted projects. Participants in the in the appreciation, protection, and use of federal, tribal, state, regional, and local SHPO’s public outreach effort emphasized cultural resources. governments as well as service districts, the need to work cooperatively among universities, and colleges. These institutions all levels of government toward larger Objectives: have wide-ranging responsibilities and goals. The SHPO’s job is to ensure that oversee some of the state’s most important consultation with the office is reasonable, 1.1 Work with agencies, tribes, and partners historic places. As stewards, each plays a timely, and professional, and to strive for a to create a regular process that invites critical decision-making role in determining preservation outcome whenever possible. robust, inclusive public outreach efforts the fate of a community’s historic places In this role, the SHPO seeks ways to enable early in the project planning process. government partners to engage stakeholders (See Issue 3, Public Outreach and in meaningful conversations about cultural Education.) resources in their community and to make 1.2 Strengthen coordination and solid, balanced policy decisions. The SHPO relationships with tribes by supporting also works with government agencies on tribal programs and facilitating the proactive preservation projects. Research integration of tribal concerns into repositories, including universities and federal, state, and local project planning. libraries, are also important partners. It is essential to build relationships at all levels 1.3 Work with agencies and local of government to plan for the management governments to develop effective of cultural resources before projects are strategies that address the interests and proposed or disasters hit, and to take needs of Oregon’s youth and diverse advantage of opportunities to do good population as they relate to cultural preservation work. These proactive strategies resource management. best ensure the appreciation, protection, and appropriate use of cultural resources. Umatilla Boarding School Survey Project, Umatilla County

Preserving Congress passes Antiquities The residence of John McLoughlin, Oregon Act, the nation’s first retired Chief Factor of the Hudson 19 06 preservation law. 1909 Bay Company, is saved from Timeline demolition in Oregon City. 11 1.4 Mitigate for adverse project effects Ongoing Efforts: 2011–2017 through long-term binding interagency Accomplishments: management documents that identify • Partnering with communities participating Oregon’s most significant cultural in the Certified Local Government and • Collaborated on the creation of National resources and provide for their long- Oregon Main Street Network programs Register nominations, survey projects, term protection, appropriate use, and through training, technical assistance, and preservation plans, and public education interpretation as opportunity allows. funding. programs with federal and state agencies 1.5 Work with government agencies, tribes, • Pursuing cross-training and collaboration through the National Register and and partners to review and revise existing with government agencies, tribes, and regulatory programs. agreement documents to streamline other partners to improve communication. • Worked with tribes and federal and state processes for compliance with federal and • Meeting regularly with federal and state agencies to create 150 new agreements and state cultural resource laws as appropriate. agencies through the Intergovernmental revise existing documents to protect or to 1.6 Review existing processes and seek new Cultural Resource Council and other account for negative impacts to cultural innovations to improve service and working groups. resources and streamline review under streamline project reviews under federal cultural resource laws. and state cultural compliance laws. • Actively participated in the Archaeology (See Issue 5, Information Sharing and Roadshow, a program of Portland State Accessibility.) University promoting the appreciation 1.7 Work with appropriate agencies to create of archaeology across the state, and in preparedness plans that address how to the Oregon Archaeology Celebration, a protect cultural and heritage resources statewide educational event held each in the face of the changing natural October. environment and potential disasters. • Hosted 12 interns from the University 1.8 Deepen relationships with research of Oregon Preservation program and repositories, such as libraries, archives, six from the Oregon State University and historical societies, and seek Archaeology program. opportunities to support digitizing collections and expanding their use for historic preservation purposes.

Historic Preservation Newsletter, Forest Grove

The National Park Congress passes the National Historic Service is created. Sites Act, making the preservation of

1916 cultural resources a national priority. 1935 12 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Issue 2: Advocacy and Heritage Partner Networking

Preservation Planning Approach: Treat, Educate Goal: Advocacy involves leveraging partnerships resources is shaped largely by its state agency Expand opportunities for coordinated and taking assertive positions defending status. Being part of state government collaboration within the heritage community and promoting Oregon’s heritage resources. affords the SHPO opportunities to advance to promote the appreciation, protection, and This effort goes beyond opposing a preservation solutions. But this role comes use of heritage resources through proactive controversial demolition or the shuttering with limitations resulting from political and initiatives and well-targeted response of a local historical society. Effective jurisdictional issues. Nonprofit organizations strategies. advocacy for preservation planning means and local advocacy groups are often in a that communities will proactively identify better position to respond to opportunities Objectives: important cultural and heritage resources. and challenges. That is why a coordinated 2.1 Create welcoming, inclusive discussion This step ensures that appropriate protective advocacy strategy centering on education spaces and initiatives that invite laws and policies are in place before a crisis. and proactive planning is so important. participation and serve the needs of The SHPO’s role as an advocate for cultural Networking is critical to the health of the Oregon’s youth and diverse population heritage community because it allows as active members of the heritage organizations to educate each other by community. sharing information and experiences. Doing 2.2 Facilitate conversations between tribes so keeps the community informed and builds and members of the heritage community a mutually supportive environment. Sharing in projects beyond federal and state knowledge and resources can also offset cultural resource compliance laws. operational costs and leverage outreach 2.3 Encourage cooperation on topics of and programming. It is also important to mutual interest among state-level build strong, supportive networks through commissions with oversight of heritage opportunities to mingle and network, not resource issues. just within the heritage community, but with agencies, organizations, and businesses 2.4 Work with partners to identify and that may not have preservation as their develop reports that quantify the work of primary mission. the heritage community and its impact City of Bend Oregon Heritage All-Star Community designation to support advocacy efforts.

Preserving Oregon passes legislation 9,000-year-old twisted, protecting archaeological sage-bark sandals are Oregon objects and sites. found at Fort Rock Cave 1938 Timeline 1935 in Lake County 13 2.5 Build working relationships and support 2011–2017 for cultural and heritage resources Accomplishments: among elected federal, state, and local officials by regularly providing relevant • Authored the legislatively-mandated program information. Heritage Vitality Task Force Report, 2.6 Work with elected officials and partners which identified challenges and to review the state Special Assessment opportunities the heritage community Program tax incentive, set to expire faces, and made recommendations in 2020, and to consider other state- for advancing the missions of these level financial benefits for preservation organizations. activities. • Established the Oregon Heritage All-Star 2.7 Seek regulatory and policy solutions to Historic Columbia River Highway community program, which recognizes address protecting cultural resources Centennial Booklet preservation and heritage efforts and from the impacts of the changing natural encourages collaboration among environment and natural disaster. Ongoing Efforts: organizations. 2.8 Work with partner organizations to • Strengthening connections and productive • Recognized seven projects as examples create and distribute a communications partnerships through national and of partnership in action, including and training toolkit to assist partners state organizations, such as the Oregon the Confederated Tribes of the Warm with outreach and advocacy. Cultural Trust, National Conference of Springs for its exceptional attention State Historic Preservation Officers, and to cultural heritage and professional National Trust for Historic Preservation. practices for the Warm Springs Audio Preservation Project with the University • Using listservs, social media, and of Oregon, and the Timberline Lodge regular statewide regional conferences Partnership, including the U.S. Forest and workshops to keep the heritage Service, The Friends of Timberline, and community well-informed and to RLK and Co. for their ongoing joint encourage information and resource effort preserve Timberline Lodge, a sharing, collaboration, innovation, National Historic Landmark. mentorship, and support among participants. • Hosting the bi-annual Oregon Heritage Deschutes County Historical Society and Deschutes and Oregon Main Street Conferences. County Library Oral History Project

The John McLoughlin House The Oregon Legislature establishes a in Oregon City is declared a State Parks Division within the Oregon

1941 National Historic Site. State Highway Department. 1947 14 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Issue 3: Public Outreach and Education

Preservation Planning Approaches: Treat, Educate Objectives: The public is a key partner in protecting the value of preservation and heritage 3.1 Support the education and outreach Oregon’s special places and heritage activities makes preservation planning efforts of government agencies and tribal resources. Most of the state’s cultural more likely. This entire process results in the and heritage advocates by providing resources are in private ownership, including appreciation, protection, and appropriate use timely information and technical the homes and businesses in designated of cultural resources. Greater understanding assistance, encouraging networking and historic districts. Ultimately, it is the public can lead to broad support for museums, support among partners, and offering that pays for preservation efforts through archives, historical societies, and other funding as available. (See Issue 1, their tax dollars and generous donations. heritage organizations. While public Government Partnerships.) Public officials make policy and planning outreach and education requires effective 3.2 Evaluate existing programs and decisions in response to what voters tell communication with the public, it is not a publications to ensure that that these are them is important. Public awareness of one-way street. The heritage community relevant and in accessible formats that must also listen to the public to ensure that meet the interests and needs of Oregon’s its mission is relevant. Otherwise, its efforts youth and diverse population, and will not be supported. It is our obligation to develop new initiatives as needed and as build participatory programs that allow the resources allow. larger community to identify what resources are important and to interpret their past for 3.3 Develop and support the efforts of themselves. Taking this step will, over time, museums, archives, and other partners turn passive recognition of the importance to create inclusive interpretive materials of our shared past into active support. and programs that speak to the everyday relevance of historic properties and Goal: archaeological sites, including plaques, Build public support by promoting the broad walking tour brochures, websites, appreciation and appropriate protection and traditional and social media, programs, use of heritage resources in collaboration and lectures to connect communities to with our partner organizations. their special places. Portland State University Archaeology Roadshow, Bend

Preserving The U.S. Congress charters the The Oregon Archaeological Oregon private, nonprofit National Trust for Society (OAS) is founded.

Historic Preservation. 1951 Timeline 1949 15 3.4 Collaborate with appropriate partners Ongoing Efforts: • Excavated the Dittman Biface Cache to revisit interpretive materials, exhibits, archaeological site with SHPO staff and and signage at publicly-owned historic • Raising the profile of award programs, volunteers, promoting the partnership sites when opportunities arise to ensure such as the Heritage Excellence and the and educational opportunity with Oregon the stories are historically accurate and George McMath Awards to demonstrate Public Broadcasting and several other inclusive. the impact of preservation efforts. media outlets. 3.5 Partner with property owners, tribes, • Fostering connections between the • Grew the Oregon Heritage Tradition professionals, and research universities heritage community and tourism Program, which now recognizes 17 on collaborative archaeological organizations to incorporate educational continuously-held community events, investigations and active outreach opportunities into promotional materials including the Astoria Regatta, Wasco programs, including presentations and and tourist-oriented events and activities. County Fair, and Cannon Beach continued participation in Portland State • Regularly using Facebook, listservs, Sandcastle Contest. University’s Archaeology Roadshow and traditional media, and the agency website • Awarded Oregon Heritage Excellence Oregon Archaeology Month to promote to promote the activities of the office Awards for outreach projects. This these projects as public education and partners in support of the heritage included the Historic Columbia River opportunities. (See Issue 1, Government community. Highway 2016 Centennial Celebration, Partnerships.) created by a range of statewide 3.6 Work with partners to leverage 2011–2017 stakeholders and the Oregon Department national annual events and noteworthy Accomplishments: of Transportation to host yearlong public anniversaries and remembrances programs and events for Oregon’s oldest • Installed illuminated posters in kiosks scenic highway. Another project was the to create memorable and relevant at heavily-used rest stops statewide education programs. Southern Oregon Historical Society’s highlighting the 50th anniversary of “History: Made by You” project, as an 3.7 Seek partnerships and collaboration the National Historic Preservation Act, excellent example of a relevant, successful, opportunities with nontraditional Oregon’s special places, and the 10th and unique outreach program. partners, including professional anniversary of the Main Street Network in building, design, finance, and real- Oregon. estate organizations and leaders in green building and affordable housing, among other interests, to better integrate historic preservation into their agendas.

The Century Farm Marking Program Oregon Legislature authorizes the State is established as part of the state Highway Commission to purchase parks centennial observation. for their natural, scenic, cultural, and 1963 1958 historical significance. 16 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Issue 4: Professional Preservation Education

Preservation Planning Approach: Educate resources to organizations in need of specific expertise. Provide additional Training focused on best practices and individuals and organizations to better take assistance to small organizations and aimed at professionals, volunteers, and advantage of emerging opportunities and to those located in rural areas. students is important. Participants in the build the collective knowledge and human office’s outreach effort returned time and capital across the entire heritage community. 4.3 Seek opportunities to leverage existing time again to the importance of preservation Key partners in this effort are Oregon’s programs or develop new professional- training. Targeted education provides tools universities, colleges, and schools who level continuing education classes for and information to address today’s heritage provide specialized education programs nontraditional partners, including resource issues to those people doing the and the many organizations providing building, design, finance, and real-estate day-to-day work. These trainings also allow hands-on training. professionals. 4.4 Strengthen affiliations with colleges, Goal: universities, and trade schools Support professional-level education and through cooperative multi-agency training opportunities across the heritage public education efforts, including the community. University of Oregon’s Pacific Northwest Field School. Objectives: 4.1 Support cultural resource, history, design, and related programs at Oregon universities, colleges, and trade schools through scholarships, internships, instruction, grants, and technical assistance. 4.2 Grow and develop current programs and efforts, such as existing training opportunities and Mentor Corps, to Clatsop Community College Preservation Program class, Astoria support the network of experienced Oregon Commission on Historic Cemeteries, professionals providing consulting marker repair workshop, Toledo

Preserving The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) becomes law and establishes the federal Oregon preservation program, including the National 1966 Timeline Register of Historic Places. 17 Ongoing Efforts: • Providing funding for professionals, volunteers, and students to attend conferences and pursue research through grants and scholarships. • Creating and distributing timely and relevant digital information and user guides on important heritage resource topics, available programs, and funding opportunities. • Offering regular in-person and online training, networking, and information sharing opportunities for cultural resource staff at all levels of government.

2011–2017 Accomplishments: • Hosted annual workshops for participants in the Certified Local Government Program focusing on specific topics, Historic Cemetery Remote Sensing, Lane County including effective design review, preserving archaeological sites, creating preservation incentives, and writing • Supported the Clatsop Community • Awarded 44 scholarships to attend effective ordinances. College Preservation program, including preservation training and conferences. • Launched the Mentor Corps Program, funding training on stained glass window • Held seven separate workshop series which connects trained, skilled volunteers and cemetery marker repair and building around the state on topics including with heritage organizations across the state restoration. disaster preparedness, collection care, and to address needs for additional training in record digitization. collections care, disaster preparedness, and adult education.

The Oregon SHPO is established in Gov. Tom McCall appoints the first seven the Parks Division of the Highway members of the State Advisory Committee

1967 Department. on Historic Preservation (SACHP) to review 1970 properties for listing in the National Register.

Courtesy of Elisabeth Walton Potter 18 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Issue 5: Information Sharing and Accessibility

Preservation Planning Approaches: Identify, Evaluate, Educate The SHPO is the repository for the master responses, greater public transparency, data set for all known cultural resources in better project management, and improved Oregon. In this role, our partners strongly record retention and attribution. A key encouraged the office to provide additional feature of the system will be the ability and more complete information online and of staff and users to digitally submit to make accessing and adding data easier. documents and track and manage projects. The SHPO staff maintains databases for Digitizing records and improving and both survey and National Register records developing web-based services are among to provide a reliable reference and planning the most important goals for the SHPO in tool for those who need cultural resource the coming years. information. These databases also quantify, track, and report on the collected data. The Goal: information available on the SHPO’s website Develop, grow, and maintain data provides heritage partners with useful collection systems and digital media planning tools. The SHPO’s email newsletter presence with partners to record and and social media outlets keep its partners share information and to encourage City of Monmouth Historic Walking informed and encourage dialogue. the appreciation, protection, and use of Tour Application The SHPO’s efforts to provide information Oregon’s cultural and heritage resources. online and offer user-friendly web-based services are aligned with and supported by Objectives: 5.2 Create a streamlined, digital process for project reviews under federal and state Oregon’s statewide digitization effort. One 5.1 Design and launch a publicly-available cultural compliance laws. (See Issue 1, of the agency’s most important efforts will GIS- and web-based portal that Government Partnerships.) be the creation of a single publicly available unifies data from all Oregon Heritage GIS- and web-based data management programs and allows for digital 5.3 Redesign the agency website to improve system that ties together all Oregon Heritage document submission and project navigability, optimize mobile use, and programs. Development goals include faster management. streamline content to better serve the

Preserving The Oregon Land Use Act (Senate Bill The Oregon Historical Society 100) establishes statewide land use publishes the landmark regional Oregon planning, including the protection of

1973 1974 architectural history, Space, Style, Timeline natural, scenic, historic areas, and and Structure. open spaces. 19 needs of the heritage community and 2011–2017 • Awarded Oregon Heritage Excellence the public. (See Issue 3, Public Outreach Accomplishments: Awards to outreach projects including and Education.) the Oregon Digital Newspaper Program, • Digitized records for 500 cemeteries a cooperative effort led by the University 5.4 Digitize the agency’s collection of and added them to a comprehensive of Oregon Libraries to digitize more than printed photos and slides and attach to GIS database. 740,000 pages of historic newspapers; “15 the appropriate records in the Oregon Minute Histories” project, a collaboration Historic Sites Database. • Launched the Oregon Archaeological Records Remote Access (OARRA) between the Deschutes Public Library 5.5 Assist partner organizations to digitize system, providing online access to the and the Deschutes County Historical their important historic documents and SHPO’s database of archaeological Society that addressed the immediate management records and to make these records to qualified professionals. access and long-term preservation of available to the public. community-based stories in Central • Supported record digitization efforts Oregon; and Oregon State Archives, for 5.6 Work with federal agencies, tribes, state across the heritage community perseverance, creativity, and outstanding offices, regional and local governments, through grants and training. professionalism in reclaiming audio from and other partners to develop GIS the 1967 Beach Bill hearings. maps and exchange digital information on cultural resources for project planning, preservation, and emergency management efforts. (See Issue 1, Government Partnerships.)

Ongoing Efforts: • Continuing improvement to the SHPO’s online services. • Adding to the growing body of research available online by digitizing and posting existing paper records and encouraging partners to do the same. • Improving accuracy of GIS-based location information for historic properties and archaeological sites. McMinnville Historic Downtown website

The Association of Oregon Congress creates the federal Archaeologists organizes to provide tax credit for income-producing

a forum for the growing number of 1976 historic properties. 1974 professional archaeologists. 20 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Issue 6: Identification and Designation of Cultural Resources

Preservation Planning Approaches: list of historic places include agricultural Identify, Evaluate, Designate, Educate and industrial landscapes. There is also increasing interest in Traditional Cultural Identifying and evaluating the state’s cultural maintains written standards for conduc- Properties (TCPs). TCPs are sites or districts resources is the first step in preservation ting surveys of cultural resources, and that physically reflect the cultural practices, planning. Listing significant historic provides grants for survey projects when traditions, beliefs, lifeways, arts, crafts, or properties and archaeological sites in the funding allows. social institutions of a living community. National Register of Historic Places or local Increasingly, there is an awareness of the An important goal for the entire heritage register, or seeking another designation is an important relationship between the natural community includes increasing the number important next step. The SHPO administers environment and the physical patterns of of cultural resources identified and evaluated the federal National Register program in development evidenced through historic through the survey process. The importance Oregon among other recognition programs, properties and archaeological sites. of this process, which is the systematic identification of properties eligible for a local Designation raises the question about what landmark list or the National Register cannot to list. The National Register of Historic be underestimated. Survey is a critical tool Places can answer this question when it is for government planning, from the smallest used thoughtfully. During public outreach rural city to the federal level. Knowledge of efforts for this plan, many participants community resources forms the basis for showed a strong interest in well-known but informed public conversations about what threatened resources, including, settlement- should be preserved and why. Survey is also era homesteads, forts, and the Oregon key to adapting to the changing natural Trail. Participants were also interested in environment and pre-disaster planning. resources associated with Native American Historic properties and archaeological history from the pre-colonial period to the sites cannot be addressed in emergency present and archaeological sites in general. preparedness plans if jurisdictions do not Sites related to Oregon’s varied important know what they have. industries over time and post–World War II properties were also mentioned. Current understanding of cultural resources that may be listed in the National Register By far, the most interest was in creating a Collins Lake, Mt. Hood has broadened. Additions to Oregon’s thematically representative state inventory

Preserving The nonprofit statewide preservation Congress creates the Historic Oregon advocacy group Restore Oregon Preservation Fund with monies from is established as the Historic

1976 1977 off-shore drilling leases to fund tribal, Timeline Preservation League of Oregon. state, and local preservation efforts.

Courtesy of Restore Oregon 21 and National Register that represents the Objectives: broad swath of Oregon’s history and the contributions of all. The State Advisory 6.1 Work with the SACHP and seek the Committee on Historic Preservation input of youth, the public, traditional (SACHP) felt that this goal was particularly preservation partners, and the larger important. The SACHP is the governor- heritage community to develop priorities appointed body responsible for reviewing for state-level survey and designation nominations to the National Register projects to create a more thematically of Historic Places. By prioritizing the representative state inventory and listing of significant special places that National Register of Historic Places reflect yet untold stories, public agencies list. Prioritize properties at risk due to and communities can ensure that their development, neglect, changing natural collections of National Register–listed places environments, and disaster. represent of all aspects of the state’s history. 6.2 Support tribal initiatives to identify significant historic properties and Antelope School, Antelope Goal: archaeological sites and list these in the Increase the total number and thematic National Register of Historic Places. to survey and designate significant diversity of Oregon’s state inventory of 6.3 Work with appropriate partners to resources to local landmark lists and cultural resources and properties listed in identify archaeological sites that are the National Register. (See Issue 4: the National Register of Historic Places and thematically representative of the state’s Professional Preservation Education.) local landmark registers. diverse population. Prioritize survey and 6.6 Work with the Oregon Department of designation of significant sites at risk Transportation, partners, and the public due to looting, development, changing to identify and protect significant state natural environments, and disasters. highway bridges and railroad-related 6.4 Work with partners to identify and resources as part of ongoing federal designate National Historic Landmarks planning efforts. in Oregon. 6.7 Encourage the use of surveys and 6.5 Facilitate partnerships among nominations to the National Register as community groups, nonprofits, mitigation for adverse effects by federal universities, colleges, and schools and projects. (See Issue 1, Government Vancouver Avenue First Baptist Church, provide appropriate tools and training Partnerships) Portland

Congress passes the Archaeological Congress establishes the Certified Local Resources Protection Act (ARPA) to Government Program, a federal, state, protect archaeological resources on and local government partnership effort 1980 1979 federal and tribal lands. promoting local preservation efforts. 22 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023 6.8 Streamline and improve the survey Ongoing Efforts: • Encouraged the recognition of historic and designation process by creating landscapes through workshops and public an online submission tool to record • Encouraging and supporting communities education, and listed the McLoughlin properties in the field. (See Issue 5, to create and update resource inventories Promenade, Oregon City; Linkville Information Sharing and Accessibility.) and add properties to the National Pioneer Cemetery, Klamath Falls; Lord & Register and local landmark lists. Schryver House and Gardens, Salem; and 6.9 Create a web-based architectural guide Halprin Open Space Sequence, Portland in to assist with survey and designation • Working with federal, state, regional, and the National Register. efforts, especially vernacular buildings local agencies to inventory and designate and structures. cultural resources under their jurisdiction. • Worked with the Oregon Black Pioneers and other partners to identify and 2011–2017 designate properties associated with the Accomplishments: African-American experience in Oregon, including the home of community leaders • Listed several sites in the National Register Otto and Verdell Rutherford and the in partnership with federal agencies and Vancouver Avenue Baptist Church in the archaeological community, including Portland for association with the Civil the settlement-era U.S. Army Fort Rights Movement. Umpqua in the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area and Paisley Five Mile Point Caves in south-central Oregon, the site of the oldest human habitation in North America. • Acquired and listed in the National Register the historic 1937 Lookout Gift Shop on Cape Foulweather. • Partnered with Restore Oregon to identify settlement-era properties in the Willamette Valley and listed several in the National Register. Gorman House, for African American significance, Corvallis Preservation Month Survey Display, Springfield

Preserving The University of Oregon establishes The Bosco-Milligan Foundation is established Oregon the West Coast’s first graduate to house and exhibit artifacts related to

program in historic preservation. 1987 Portland’s historic architecture and building 1980 Timeline arts, which leads to the establishment of the Architectural Heritage Center.

Courtesy of Lincoln Barbour 23

Issue 7: Preservation, Rehabilitation, and Protection of Cultural Resources

Preservation Planning Approaches: Treat, Educate Physical preservation, rehabilitation, pointed to the need to support projects at and protection of historic properties and all scales and complexity through funding, archaeological sites are the core purposes policy, and collaboration. Commenters of historic preservation. This requires good also emphasized that a project need not be planning, including having the appropriate award-winning to be successful. information, guidance, and expertise Goal: available to help projects be successful. Participants in the public outreach process Increase the number of projects for historic property restoration and rehabilitation Before and archaeological site preservation and stabilization. OSU students excavating the Fort Yamhill site

Objectives: 7.3 Provide partners with technical 7.1 Collaborate with federal agencies, tribes, assistance, advice, and resources as state offices, and regional and local available to identify historic properties governments to create fact sheets and and archaeological sites that are at risk best practices for the stabilization and from the changing natural environment preservation of archaeological sites, and disasters, and collaborate to put After and distribute materials in a variety of into place policy and technical solutions formats to private and public property to mitigate these risks. (See Issue 1, owners. Government Partnerships and Issue 5, Information Sharing and Accessibility.) 7.2 Work with partners to expand the number of organizations and 7.4 Support a balance between incentives professionals available to provide free and regulations at all levels of or low-cost advice for preservation government to promote proper projects statewide, especially in rural treatment of cultural resources. and underserved areas. (See Issue 4, (See Issue 10, Statues, Ordinances, Roth McGilchrist Building, Salem Professional Preservation Education.) Codes, and Processes.)

The Oregon Legislature creates the Oregon Congress passes the Native American Graves Protection Parks and Recreation Department charged with and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) to secure the rights of 1990

protecting outstanding natural, scenic, cultural, 1990 Native Americans and Hawaiians to cultural materials, and historic recreational sites. The Oregon SHPO including human remains and funerary objects. becomes part of the new agency. 24 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023 7.6 Identify successful federal and state tax 2011–2017 and grant program preservation projects Accomplishments: and track the benefits of preserving, rehabilitating, and reusing historic • Created the Diamonds in the Rough properties. Provide this information in a grant program to fund removing non- variety of promotional and educational compatible materials from historic formats to legislators, professionals, buildings. advocates, and the public to encourage • Participated in the restoration of the these activities. (See Issue 3, Public historic Heceta Head Lighthouse in Education.) partnership with Oregon State Parks and 7.7 Establish a statewide cemetery clean-up the Oregon Department of Transportation. day with partner organizations. • Created the Energy & Historic Preservation brochure with Pacific Power Ongoing Efforts: Company. • Providing design assistance to • Awarded an Oregon Heritage Excellence communities for historic building Award to the following outstanding restoration and rehabilitation through the projects: restoration of the J.S. Cooper Certified Local Government and Oregon Block in Independence; rehabilitation of Main Street Network programs. the Roth-McGilchrist Building in Salem, the Morrow County courthouse clock • Continuing to encourage communities tower, and Oregon City’s Willamette River to establish, maintain, and expand pass- Bridge; preservation of the Chambers through grant programs for building Covered Railroad Bridge in Cottage rehabilitation, facade improvements, Grove; and adaptive reuse of the historic Chapman Elementary School Mural and archaeological site preservation and Redmond High School as the new Restoration, Portland stabilization. City Hall. • Working with partners to provide 7.5 Seek physical preservation and workshops and training materials on rehabilitation (rather than simply preservation technology to the public and documentation) as mitigation for project building owners. impacts to historic properties and archaeological sites.

Preserving Amendments to the National Historic The Oregon Legislature Oregon Preservation Act create a more direct role enacts protections for for Native Americans and Hawaiians in archaeological sites on 1992 1993 Timeline federal preservation efforts. private and public lands. 25

Issue 8: Grants and Funding

Preservation Planning Approaches: preservation. Regulation can be time- Identify, Evaluate, Designate, Treat, Educate consuming and costly, and it is often perceived negatively. Grants leverage Predictably, funding is one of the top needs feasibility studies, public education, and resources, build public support, and generate identified in the outreach effort for the 2018– training. Funding includes not only grants, tangible results, which is the ultimate 2023 Oregon Historic Preservation Plan. but also tax incentives and anything else that objective. Maintaining grant levels is the Increased financial assistance is essential helps cover costs. goal in times of steady and even moderately to almost every aspect of cultural resource declining budgets. Expanding grants should work, including planning, surveys, National The many grants the SHPO offers underscore be a priority in good economic times. It Register nominations, archaeological our emphasis on incentives rather than is money well spent because it does not excavation and analysis, site stabilization, regulation as the best way to succeed with create long-term obligations in the way that additional staff or new programs would. Goal: Strengthen and expand funding, grants, and financial incentive programs and their use for cultural and heritage resources. Objectives: 8.1 Evaluate and assess the effectiveness and impact of grants offered by the SHPO and Oregon Heritage Division to support these programs, direct improvements, and ensure the equitable distribution of funds. 8.2 Seek additional funds and resources for existing grant programs.

Wallowa Forest Service Compound, Wallowa

The Oregon Heritage Commission is The Pacific Northwest Preservation Field School established to encourage and develop is established at the University of Oregon

1995 as a hands-on technical training program in

1995 heritage activities across the state. partnership with public organizations. 26 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023 8.3 Increase funding for projects that Street Network organizations with Ongoing Efforts: address threats to historic properties the application process and project and archaeological sites from changing completion, and seeking continued • Streamlining grant and incentive natural environments and disaster. funding. programs to minimize administrative costs and paperwork and ease the application 8.4 Support and grow the Oregon Main 8.5 Work with the Oregon Main Street process. Street Downtown Revitalization Grant Network and Certified Local program by tracking and evaluating Government programs to expand • Publicizing fundraising success stories projects, assisting Oregon Main the use of federal tax credits for and examples of creative and successful rehabilitation projects, especially in private/public preservation partnerships to smaller towns and underserved regions inspire and guide others. Before of the state. • Offering workshops on best practices for identifying, applying for, and managing 8.6 Actively encourage and support grants with partner organizations. the use of easements (and their tax benefits), where appropriate, for historic • Providing appropriate materials and staff properties and archaeological sites. support to grant recipients to ensure successful project completion. 8.7 Support initiatives to maintain and create statewide preservation incentives 2011–2017 by providing information and technical advice to advocates. Accomplishments: After 8.8 Assist local partners in creating • Distributed $2.5 million under the Oregon financial incentives to inventory, Main Street Revitalization Grant program, designate, and rehabilitate historic established by the Oregon legislature. properties. • Improved the application process for the State Special Assessment Program. 8.9 Encourage public entities to apply for Oregon Emergency Management’s • Launched an online grant management Seismic Rehabilitation Grant program system to ease the application and and other funding for disaster reimbursement process. preparedness.

Allen Building, Astoria

Preserving The Oregon Legislature passes legislation that Statewide land use goals are requires owner consent for a property to be revised. Local governments may Oregon designated on a local landmark register.

1996 now choose to have a preservation 1995 Timeline program, but are no longer required to do so. 27

Issue 9: Economic Development

Preservation Planning Approaches: Treat, Educate Economic development centered in a Partnering with economic development community’s people, unique institutions, efforts cultivates broad public interest and identity, and heritage resources creates can generate funds for preservation projects not just memorable spaces and authentic and local heritage organizations. In Oregon, experiences but also revenue and jobs. these opportunities most often take shape as downtown commercial revitalization projects and heritage tourism campaigns. Good organization, careful planning, and inclusive community engagement ensure that resources are protected and responsibly interpreted.

Goal:

Promote heritage resources as community Cycling tour, Multnomah Falls economic assets, and foster partnerships to support this effort while maintaining the long-term historic integrity of the 9.2 Identify and support the development community’s special places. of recreational opportunities that appropriately leverage cultural resources Objectives: and heritage organizations. 9.1 Encourage the development of 9.3 Offer resources and training to assist local authentic, representative cultural advocates in building partnerships to heritage tourism efforts in Oregon make the case that preservation is a key communities that feature historic component of economic development in Downtown event, Astoria properties and archaeological sites in their community. (See Issue 2, Advocacy cooperation with partners. and Heritage Partner Networking.)

Oregon voters approve a constitutional The Oregon Cultural Trust is established to support the amendment dedicating lottery funds for natural humanities, heritage preservation, and the arts through

and cultural resources, providing funding for 2001 grants. The Oregon SHPO and Heritage Commission 1998 preservation projects across the state. serve as two of five government partners. 28 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023 Ongoing Efforts: • Encouraging federal and state agencies, 2011–2017 local governments, and service districts Accomplishments: • Facilitating development of partnerships to locate their offices in historic buildings among Oregon Main Street Network by providing information, technical • Hosted heritage tourism workshops organizations, Certified Local advice, and funding, where possible and as around the state in partnership with the Governments, and their communities available. Heritage Commission with funding from to support preservation as an important the Oregon Cultural Trust. part of downtown development and • Completed a study in partnership with revitalization. the University of Oregon, Travel Oregon, and others to identify opportunities and challenges to the economic viability of the state’s historic theaters. • Created $65.9 million in private and $85.8 million in public investment through the Oregon Main Street Program, which generated 533 new businesses, 110 business expansions, 75 businesses acquisitions, and 2,496 jobs through 985 building improvement projects between 2011 and 2016.

Egyptian Theatre, Coos Bay

Preserving The Oregon Legislature approves CHAMP (Culture, Oregon Main Street program Heritage, Art, Movies, Preservation), providing funding is re-established. Oregon in support of historic preservation and other cultural 2007 Timeline 2007 activities that contribute to the state’s economy. 29

Issue 10: Statutes, Ordinances, Codes, and Processes

Preservation Planning Approaches: Goal: Identify, Evaluate, Designate, Treat, Educate Facilitate the development and implementation of state statutes, local Federal, tribal, state, and local governments care and provide technical assistance and ordinances, codes, and processes that all have regulations that address cultural funding for preservation efforts. But most provide appropriate incentives and resource issues and all five preservation preservation happens at the local level, which regulations and that create public support approaches (identify, evaluate, designate, requires strong community support created for the appreciation, protection, and use of treat, and educate) to varying degrees. These by well-run, relevant programs. Many local cultural resources. include statutes and ordinances as well ordinances require revision because they are as land use codes and processes. Federal out-of-date with recent state court, and Land and state laws provide the framework for Use Board of Appeals (LUBA) cases, and Objectives: preservation activities while individual Oregon’s revised Goal 5 Rule, which took 10.1 Work with the Oregon Department of agencies manage resources under their effect in February 2017. Goal 5 encourages Land Conservation and Development local governments to create programs that (DLCD) and other partners to identify and protect cultural resources. In develop a model preservation some cases, local laws do not address entire ordinance, guidance documents for classes of resources, such as archaeological the development of historic context sites, ships, bridges, railroad locomotives statements and historic preservation and rolling stock, and other “non- plans, and training opportunities that building” cultural resources. Strengthening are consistent with current laws, preservation regulations at any level can recent court cases, and changes in be difficult. That being said, integration of the statewide preservation planning preservation into broader planning efforts, Goal 5 Rule. robust education campaigns, well-targeted 10.2 Encourage communities to cultivate incentive programs, and streamlined public support for preservation by approval processes can build broad including incentives in their ordinances public support. and processes. 10.3 Work with partners to encourage Downtown event, Cottage Grove the adoption of local ordinances

Clatsop Community College, in Astoria, In Lake Oswego Preservation Society vs. City of Lake establishes a professional hands-on Oswego, the Oregon Supreme Court unanimously finds that

preservation training program. 2016 only owners who held the title when a property was listed 2009 on a local landmark register may object to listing under the state owner consent law, upholding the provisions of Oregon’s preservation laws. 30 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

that provide greater building-code training, technical advice, and example 2011–2017 flexibility for cultural resources and documents. Accomplishments: take full advantage of existing state- 10.5 Evaluate local preservation ordinances • Worked with the Oregon Department of level provisions. for compliance with federal and state Land Conservation and Development to 10.4 Encourage local jurisdictions to address laws and best practices and provide revise Oregon’s comprehensive land use the identification and protection of recommendations for improvement. Goal 5 Rule, adopted February 2017. archaeological sites in codes and 10.6 Collaborate with elected officials • Hosted local building code workshops ordinances that follow federal and state and partners to review existing state laws and best practices by providing across the state focusing on integrating preservation laws and rules, evaluate the application of local codes with good their effectiveness, and make policy preservation practice. changes that result in the preservation and appropriate interpretation and • Awarded the City of Cottage Grove an use of cultural resources as Oregon Heritage Excellence Award for its opportunity allows. Preservation Plan. • Added 18 communities between 2011 Ongoing Efforts: and 2017 to the network of Certified Local Governments, now totaling 51 • Encouraging local jurisdictions to participants. streamline processes and decrease costs by adopting clear and objective administrative design review processes. • Advocating with appropriate partners for the integration of cultural resource issues into planning documents at all levels of government. • Working with state and local agencies and Certified Local Governments to implement existing state cultural resource protection statutes and rules.

Cottage Grove Preservation Plan

Preserving Oregon’s Goal 5 Rule for the protection of historic resources is Oregon rewritten, adding a minimum standard of protection, encouraging local efforts to survey and establish historic districts, and 2017 Timeline establishing a local process for applying design review. 31

Implementation and Conclusion

The 2018–2023 Oregon Historic The goal is to enable partners to pursue initiatives. Important to these planning Preservation Plan is a common reference their own mission within a common efforts, staff will work with partners in the document that helps direct a coordinated framework that will maximize cooperation, heritage community for guidance on refining and effective statewide effort. It guides the avoid duplication, and ensure that there the plan’s objectives. Outreach will be SHPO in its unique, overarching role as are no gaps in key areas. Such an approach accomplished through SHPO- and partner- the lead preservation agency in the state. enables every organization to do what it sponsored conferences and workshops with It is also written with an eye on the plans does best while concretely supporting like- key state commissions and organizations and efforts of essential partners within minded efforts. The SHPO will continue with special interest or expertise in cultural the heritage community, some with direct to host conferences, forums, and training or heritage resources. Online surveys and involvement in traditional preservation opportunities that encourage and support digital media will be used as appropriate. activities and others with broader missions. networking and collaborative preservation Progress toward the completion of the plan projects. The SHPO will also lead or will be assessed annually as part of the There are two keys to implementing this participate in topic-based working groups SHPO’s annual work plan. While individual plan. First is the pursuit and strengthening of with our partners. When appropriate, the goals may take time, specific objectives partnerships across the heritage community. agency will enter into formal agreements will be replaced as they are achieved or as that create strong relationships that protect new opportunities and challenges require cultural resources. The SHPO will call on flexibility. partners to be active participants in these The SHPO encourages all preservation activities and to reach out to their peers. partners to develop their own annual work The second key to implementation is the plans that emphasize their organization’s SHPO’s written work plans. These are rooted role and unique interests and strengths in the issues, goals, and objectives laid out within the heritage community’s larger in this plan, but include specific action goals captured in this plan. Seeking items and timelines. Toward the end of each collaborative opportunities to participate calendar year, the SHPO will develop its in other organizations’ planning processes work plan for the coming year for the agency, will further strengthen existing partnerships specific program areas, and individuals. and efforts. Full coordination may not be Initial efforts will focus on broadly possible, given all the variables of funding, coordinating activities between agency politics, and unforeseen challenges, but programs, setting project priorities and better coordination is certainly attainable. timelines, and allocating resources for the We owe it to the residents of this state, five-year planning period. Some efforts have the next generation, and to the cultural already begun, including project scoping resources themselves to do all we can to for expanded online services, various public be effective stewards of the legacies we outreach efforts, and survey and inventory inherited. Oregon State Soldier’s Home Hospital, now Umpqua Valley Arts Association, Roseburg 32 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Appendix I: Oregon’s Cultural Resources

Introduction resources was rewritten. The revised rule educational events. Together, the growing removes a local jurisdiction’s authority to Certified Local Government and Oregon The following discussion describes the regulate properties listed in the National Main Street programs and their participating basic types of cultural resources in Oregon Register after the effective date, unless the local communities accomplish preservation and provides a general assessment of those jurisdiction adopts additional regulations to work across the state. Federal, state, and resources, including the current scholarship protect that resource through a public process. local incentives, emphasis at all levels on about them and challenges to preserving Communities may also place a National rehabilitation and adaptive reuse, and extensive them. This section aims to answer the Register-listed property on the local landmark “how-to” information encourage and guide question, “What are we trying to preserve?” register, subject to Oregon’s owner consent preservation efforts. Archaeological sites are Other sections of this plan address the “how,” law. Local governments must still review a protected through a number of federal and “when,” and “who” aspects of statewide historic proposed demolition or relocation for any state laws and are increasingly subject to local preservation efforts. (See Issues, Goals, and property listed in the Register. While the rule ordinances. Objectives.) does not specifically exclude the consideration Important court cases and public processes of archaeological resources, it generally focuses Outreach efforts for the plan identified ongoing have placed the regulatory landscape for on historic buildings and structures. challenges from continued population growth preservation on an increasingly solid and long-standing debates about the role of Though challenges exist, support for foundation. Notably, the Goal 5 Rule now government. In many communities, growth preservation is growing across the state. provides for stronger protection measures increases development pressure on cultural Fifty-one Oregon communities now have for locally-designated historic properties resources. While building demolitions may their own preservation programs through by limiting the reasons a property may be attract more public attention, development the Certified Local Government Program, removed from a landmark register. The revised both in and outside urban areas increasingly a partnership between the federal, state, rule also encourages survey and preservation impacts historic landscapes and archaeological and local government that enables local planning. Preservation advocates can also sites. Adding to this, newcomers are not always preservation efforts. Through these programs, cheer the Oregon Legislature’s unprecedented aware of the importance of local identity historic buildings are protected by local support of the Oregon Main Street Network and landmarks. Outdated cultural resource building code regulation. Increasingly, more with $7.5 million of tax-bond funded grants inventories and designation documents Certified Local Governments are taking steps for building rehabilitation and economic hamper planning efforts, and costs associated to recognize and protect archaeological sites. development through 2021. In 2015, with brick-and-mortar preservation and Communities often promote their special proponents of historic preservation finally site identification and evaluation are rising. places as expressions of local or neighborhood got a solid definition of “owner” and a clear Increasingly, local and state laws and processes pride and usually as part of heritage tourism understanding of when owners may object protecting cultural resources are challenged as and economic development efforts. For to listing their property in a local landmark both too restrictive and not protective enough. example, the Oregon Main Street Network is register under state law in the Oregon State Recent political developments and court a downtown economic revitalization program Supreme Court case Lake Oswego Preservation decisions prompted by controversial historic administered by Heritage Programs with over Society v. City of Lake Oswego. Supporters of districts have changed the regulatory 70 participating cities and towns. Public events, preservation also found good news in the 2015 landscape. The result is that many local such as Portland State University’s Archaeology King v. Clackamas County Land Use Board of preservation ordinances are out-of-date. In Roadshow, and opportunities for the public to Appeals (LUBA) case. The panel found that February 2017, the Goal 5 Rule for historic observe excavations are increasingly popular, the proposed adaptive reuse of the Bull Run 33

Power Plant as approved by the County was Archaeological Sites and industrial or food processing sites, shipwrecks, legal under Oregon land use law, despite the Resources trails, foundations, refuse scatters, religious or property being in an exclusive forest-use area. spiritual places, battlefields, forts, wells, privies, The ruling opens the door for finding uses for Archaeological resources include a wide variety and painted or carved images. Archaeological other properties in exclusive-use areas, such as of property types, including areas associated sites on federal lands are defined similarly; barns in agricultural areas, though the process with traditional resource gathering and however, they need to be only 50 years of age. is neither simple nor easy. practices and isolated finds of a single artifact. Archaeological sites represent all cultural What we know about Oregon’s archaeological groups that lived in Oregon. Oregon recently passed changes in its laws sites is largely created through efforts led by for archaeological sites and education efforts federal and state agencies working with cultural Archaeological sites have the potential to tell us as well. Senate Bill 144 changed state law resource compliance laws. Local jurisdictions, much about a specific place in time. They can to prohibit all collection of archaeological private property owners, and others regularly tell us about places unused for long periods or artifacts on non-federal public lands, including contact the SHPO to provide information on destroyed by natural disaster. When records artifacts exposed through natural forces. past human land use activities and the location are nonexistent, incomplete, or inaccurate, The bill allows the State District Attorney to of known or reported archaeological sites. untouched archaeological sites provide clues prosecute violations of the law when local The SHPO maintains this information in a about how and when a place was used. Much officials choose not to. Senate Bill 13 proposed master data set. Federal and state agencies often like a modern detective, archaeologists use that schools develop region-specific curriculum maintain similar records for their own lands. the context and arrangement of objects and related to Oregon’s first peoples. The new Agencies use this ever-expanding collection features to learn about the activities that law will increase Oregonians’ knowledge and of data for public education efforts and to help occurred there. Archaeological sites can be appreciation of tribal people’s past and ongoing them avoid physical impacts to known sites. related to religious or spiritual places. They contributions to the state and the importance can include areas associated with traditional of the archaeological record in documenting Archaeological sites represent part of the story stories, legends, myths, and place names. that connection. of human occupation in Oregon that began Combined with tribal and historic records, over 14,500 years ago. These sites comprise archaeological sites have the potential to draw Many challenges facing the preservation objects, features and natural resources relating connections between everyday activities and community remain, and no doubt there will to the daily lives and activities of people those that had greater meaning relating to be new challenges in the future. Yet there are from the past. All archaeological sites are traditional, religious, or spiritual practices, and many opportunities. Preservation planning and nonrenewable, meaning once destroyed the can speak to the importance of place and time. consideration for heritage resources at the state valuable information they contain cannot be level is already part of regular processes, but recreated. In Oregon, archaeological sites are Sites dating to the last 200 years relate to more can be done. Close coordination among defined in state statute (ORS 358.905) as being a complex mix of cultural groups. These partners to build and maintain proactive and at least 75 years in age, located on both private groups consist of Native Americans who have relevant programs is essential. These programs and non-federal public land, and consist of resided in Oregon for millennium as well engage the public in the identification, material remains of past human life or activity. as populations who settled here following evaluation, designation, treatment, and Archaeological sites can take many forms: lithic the opening of the Northwest. Historic interpretation of their historic places and will, scatters (collections of stone flakes), quarries, archaeological sites are a key resource for over time, strengthen the existing solid support villages, middens (trash dumps), camps, populations not included in the historical for preservation. hunting grounds, burials, towns, homesteads, record. Archaeological information associated 34 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

with such early historic sites can help answer Several methods exist to determine more Historic Places by the U.S. Forest Service. The questions about the initial contact between information about an archaeological site. One National Park Service recently awarded a grant native populations and Euro-Americans as method includes walking along uniformly to study sites related to the Rogue River War well as early settlement. For example, through spaced grids, called a pedestrian survey. In (1855–1856) to researchers at Southern Oregon careful study, sites can reveal more about the another method, archaeologists systematically University, and local advocates are updating daily life of U.S. soldiers at army forts; the dig small cylindrical holes to look for buried the National Historic Landmark nomination role and extent of Chinese miners during sites, also known as a subsurface probing. for Lewis and Clark’s Fort Clatsop in Clatsop the state’s gold rush era or how Chinese- More formal archaeological excavation, such County. Sites between 10,000 to 14,000 years Americans maintained connections to their as evaluation or site boundary testing, or old present an additional challenge because home country; or the challenges faced by early large block excavation can help determine they are often very deep, difficult to locate African-American communities. A common the breadth, depth and significance of a site. and may have been damaged or destroyed misconception is that archaeological sites from Methods also include the use of specialized by natural causes (e.g., flooding, erosion) or the last 200 years do not represent indigenous equipment for remote sensing (e.g., ground- historic development. There is great potential populations. Native American groups were penetrating radar, magnetometer) to try and to learn more about Oregon’s past through the innovative and adapted to modern times, as identify features before conducting any ground archaeological record. did everyone else. disturbance. Many federal, state, and local laws protect Archaeological sites are not as easily identified Oregon has over 40,000 recorded archaeological sites, yet these resources still or evaluated as historic properties because archaeological sites that represent its face threats. Well-intentioned persons may they are fragmented, usually buried, and diverse peoples and history. Since the 1970s, unknowingly destroy or damage archaeological often lack historic background data useful in archaeologists have identified sites in all 36 sites because they are unaware of the law. providing sufficient context to determine their counties, many on federal lands. Yet much Infrastructure projects, including powerline significance, making the cost of evaluation remains unknown. To date, only about 10 and road development, worsen this issue by much higher. Identifying where archaeological percent of the state has been surveyed and creating access to sites which had earlier been objects and features may exist on the landscape many identified sites are unevaluated. In difficult to access. All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) requires a considerable amount of information. the last five years, federal agencies have can be especially destructive when driven over When looking for sites, archaeologists use soil increasingly sought to study and nominate historic trails and sites. Increasing pressure to science, geography, geology, environmental archaeological sites to the National Register create housing and industrial developments analysis, tribal consultation, local informants, of Historic Places. These include Paisley Five also takes a toll. Many archaeological sites are maps, and history to gather background Mile Point Caves in south-central Oregon, the potentially subject to looting and vandalism, information prior to visiting a location. If site of the oldest definitively-dated evidence so state law requires that their precise locations previous studies identified archaeological of human habitation in North America, and be kept confidential in most cases. Prosecution sites or resources (e.g., traditionally harvested two homestead sites in the Crooked River of intentional violations of the law serves as a plants, roots and berries, fish, pigment sources) Grasslands in central Oregon. Military sites deterrent. Loss of archaeological sites to natural near the location, this data can suggest what and battlefields are another type of important processes, such as erosion, decay, or climate types of sites may be expected and where resources in Oregon, but few have been the change, may be addressed by early and robust they may be found. With the results of their subject of targeted study. Recent efforts include identification, mitigation, and monitoring background research, archaeologists then listing the Civil War-era Fort Umpqua site in strategies, but there is a lack of funding for conduct a systematic survey to locate sites. Douglas County in the National Register of such efforts. In partnership with federal, 35

state, and local agencies, the Oregon SHPO is percent of historic properties inventoried well-established historic events. There are working toward a more proactive approach that are from 1900–1939. Nineteenth-century many opportunities to document those places identifies important archaeological sites before resources comprise only 12 percent of the associated with Oregon’s lesser known or they are threatened and takes steps to preserve inventoried properties. World War II–era and recognized, but no less important, history. them. Overall, active public education efforts postwar resources built between 1940 and Buildings are typically the focus of most are considered the best tool in addressing 1969 represent about 20 percent of the total, an preservation efforts, but some types have these issues. increase of 4 percent from five years ago and special concerns. Factories, mills, and other 10 percent in the last 10 years. This ongoing large-scale industrial facilities, along with increase is not a surprise. The total number of Built-Environment most agricultural buildings—barns and other resources from this period is staggering, and Resources outbuildings—are challenging resources to communities are addressing their postwar save if they no longer serve their original Surveys by cities and counties are among the resources through SHPO-funded survey. purposes. They usually cannot continue in their largest contributors to Oregon’s inventory of In 2018, the 50-year guideline for National historic uses because they do not accommodate historic properties. Most of this survey work Register eligibility will reach 1968. As a result, modern equipment or meet current industry was done prior to 1995, when the state required resources associated with the Civil Rights standards. Structural improvements can be that jurisdictions conduct cultural resource and Justice Movements, Oregon’s changing cost prohibitive, such as seismic retrofitting inventories under state comprehensive land society and economy, and the post-modern for unreinforced masonry. The industry itself use planning Goal 5. With over 50 Certified architectural movement must be identified may no longer be financially viable or even Local Governments in Oregon participating and evaluated. Scholarship at both the national exist. Oregon’s comprehensive land use law in the federal preservation program, these and state levels for “resources from the recent also limits the use, number, and occupancy organizations form a strong network for data past” is increasing, but more is needed to help of buildings in exclusive-use zones, such as collection through regular survey projects. professionals properly evaluate the significance agriculture and forestry. As a result, these Federal and state agencies continue to add to of this vast pool of resources. Oregon’s cultural resource inventory through historic resources are more susceptible to their National Historic Preservation Act Built-environment resources contain five basic abandonment and demolition. categories of historic properties: buildings, Section 106 and Section 110 obligations. The Warehouses continue to be an exception. Many structures, sites, objects, and districts. SHPO adds to this inventory through office- have been successfully converted to new uses Buildings make up the overwhelming majority sponsored survey programs in support of the in Portland and other Oregon cities where (94 percent) of Oregon’s known historic Oregon Main Street Network, and as individual the local economy creates sufficient demand. resources. Buildings are the resource type most resources are identified during special projects. Their open spaces and sturdy construction readily associated with historic preservation There is, however, much work to be done. serve a variety of new uses. School, city, and by the public, and they are the focus of most county administration buildings often find There are approximately 66,000 historic historic preservation efforts statewide. Fifty other community uses or are rehabilitated or properties in the SHPO’s master historic sites percent of the historic buildings currently remodeled to support their continued use. database. Tens of thousands more historic inventoried in Oregon are houses. Other properties remain to be inventoried statewide. building types include commercial, public, Agricultural buildings merit special focus Expanding the inventory of Oregon’s historic institutional, industrial, and agricultural because most of them were not identified in properties is one of the SHPO’s highest buildings. Many of the identified properties the 1980s when jurisdictions were required to priorities over the next five years. Fifty-three are architecturally notable or associated with keep an inventory of their historic resources. 36 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

At that time, surveyors were advised not the 11 coastal highway bridges associated a Multiple Property Document (MPD) for to include barns and other outbuildings in with noted Oregon bridge engineer Conde federal irrigation projects and are finalizing an their inventories unless they were associated B. McCullough, and several bridges over the MPD for the Oregon Trail. These documents with residential buildings. As a result, Willamette River in Portland. Oregon also will serve as useful planning tools for the Oregon’s agricultural resources are severely boasts a strong collection of listed covered identification, evaluation, and designation of underrepresented. bridges. Prompted by recent federal planning portions of these important historic resources. efforts, the agency evaluated all highway Historic districts are groupings of buildings, Some of Oregon’s most unusual historic bridges and compiled a manual for field structures, objects, and/or sites that together resources are classified as structures or maintenance crews and a forthcoming coffee tell a larger story than a single resource objects. These include the large steel “O” on table book. In the next five years, future efforts could. Historic districts may include mostly Skinner Butte in Eugene, World War II Patrol will identify bridges worthy of long-term residential or commercial properties or Torpedo Boat 658, and Portland’s concrete preservation. A similar project will identify mining, farm, or ranch complexes. Districts statue of Paul Bunyan. These resources often important parts of the state’s rail transportation vary widely in size. Efforts to preserve the have active and dedicated groups that ensure network. character of historic districts usually include their preservation, but they also face unique both federal and state tax incentives and local Linear structures are a challenging type of threats. Apart from museum use, non-building regulation. These incentives and controls are resource both to document and preserve. resources are generally not good candidates generally more effective for commercial and Some especially vulnerable linear resources for adaptive reuse. They are also not usually residential districts. There are currently 130 include the historic irrigation canals of central eligible for traditional incentive programs designated historic districts in Oregon. They and eastern Oregon, which are being piped aimed at buildings. Due to gaps in local code, include some of the best historic resources in at a rapid and consistent rate, and historic they are also often not subject to design review. the state, and they reflect some of the most trails, including segments of the Oregon Trail. Providing resources and creating processes to successful preservation efforts to date. Oregon recognizes 16 historic trails, many ensure these unique properties are adequately of which cross central and eastern Oregon in cared for is an ongoing challenge. The most common historic structures are locations valued by wind farm developers and bridges and linear features, such as canals, Historic landscapes include a combination of pipeline planners, which puts them at risk railroad grades, trails, and roads. The Oregon natural features and human-shaped elements, of negative physical and visual impacts from Department of Transportation (ODOT) and they can be expansive. They may be energy projects. successfully inventoried and evaluated the formal, such as gardens or parks designed highway bridges it oversees. Preservation of There are still no detailed national guidelines by prominent landscape architects, or they many of these structures is not feasible given for documenting and evaluating resources may be rural landscapes shaped over time their deterioration, increased traffic, and more that stretch for miles, include minimal by use, tradition, or industry. They may also stringent safety standards. ODOT upgraded distinguishable historic features, and require be natural landscapes imbued with cultural several prominent bridges using innovative almost constant repair and upgrading. Filling meaning. Increasingly, scholars are recognizing solutions for those resources that can be this gap, the Oregon SHPO compiled guidance the importance of the natural environment preserved. ODOT proactively listed several on the identification and evaluation of linear on shaping these places, including the properties in the National Register, including resources. Within the last five years, the SHPO, placement and design of buildings. This is a the Columbia River Highway (also a National federal agencies, and local partners worked practice long incorporated into archaeological Historic Landmark), the McKenzie Highway, toward the completion and submission of investigations. Landscapes are often classified 37

as districts either due to their size or number • Fort Astoria Site, Astoria, Clatsop Co. Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs) of resources. Recent efforts to expand are places that reflect the continued cultural • Fort Rock Cave, Fort Rock, Lake Co. recognition of these resources include listing practices, traditions, beliefs, lifeways, arts, the Halprin Open Space Sequence in Portland, • Jacksonville Historic District, Jacksonville, crafts, or social institutions of an identified a series of connected urban parks; the Oak Jackson Co. and defined living community. They reflect Hills Historic District, a residential postwar a community’s history and are important • Kam Wah Chung Company Building, John planned subdivision with a strong emphasis on to maintaining the group’s cultural identity Day, Grant Co. community open space; Deschutes County’s and are of increasing interest to tribal Petersen Rock Garden; and a number of • U.S. Lightship Columbia (WAL-604), governments and the public alike. Usually cemeteries notable for their landscape design. Astoria, Clatsop Co. categorized by the National Register as either Public interest in these important places a “district” or a “site,” TCPs meet the same • Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, is increasing, perhaps because of growing documentation standards as all other National Dorris, Klamath Co. development threats. Register properties. TCPs may include an area • Oregon Caves Chateau, Oregon Caves associated with a tribe’s origin story or an Created by the Historic Sites Act of 1935, the National Monument, Josephine Co. urban neighborhood that reflects the beliefs federal National Historic Landmarks program and practices of a population. TCPs can be recognizes nationally-significant places for • Pioneer Courthouse, Portland, Multnomah difficult to quantify, describe, and document, their exceptional ability to illustrate or interpret Co. as they may be quite large. For any TCP, the the history of the United States. There are only • Skidmore/Old Town Historic District, documentation must first make the case that just over 2,500 National Historic Landmarks Portland, Multnomah Co. the identified group of people share a culture, (NHL) in the nation. Oregon’s 17 NHLs are less and secondly that the TCP physically reflects than one percent of the over 2,000 properties • Sunken Village Archeological Site, Sauvie that important cultural connection. TCPs often listed in the National Register of Historic Island, Multnomah Co. have deep religious and cultural significance Places in the state. These special places include • Timberline Lodge, Government Camp, for tribes, who may be reluctant to share the following: Clackamas Co. sensitive information about the place. Several • Aubrey Watzek House, Portland, tribes are currently seeking to nominate TCPs • Wallowa Lake Site, Joseph, Wallowa Co. Multnomah Co. associated with their traditional culture to the Federal agencies give special consideration National Register. The SHPO addresses TCP • Bonneville Dam Historic District, to NHLs when planning projects, and special questions from non-tribal groups as well. The Bonneville, Multnomah Co. grant, education, and technical assistance SHPO’s understanding of TCPs will grow as • Columbia River Highway, Troutdale to programs are available from the National Park more are identified, evaluated, and designated. Mosier, Multnomah, Hood, and Wasco Co. Service, as resources allow. While the Oregon SHPO does not administer the NHL program, • Crater Lake Superintendent’s Residence, the office will continue to support efforts to Crater Lake National Park, Klamath Co. identify and designate NHLs that recognize • Deady and Villard Halls, University of Oregon’s contribution to our nation’s story. Oregon, Eugene, Lane Co. 38 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Appendix II

Bibliography National Trust for Historic Preservation. Preservation Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. Guidance for the People: A Vision for the Future. for Recording and Evaluating Linear Cultural Cossons, Sir Neil. “Industrial Archaeology: The Washington, D.C., 2017. Resources. Salem, OR, 2013. Challenge of the Evidence.” The Antiquarians Oregon Heritage Commission. Oregon Heritage Page, Max and Marla R. Miller. Bending the Future: Journal 87 (2007): 1–52. Vitality 2010: The Challenge of the Past for Fifty Ideas for the Next Fifty Years of Historic Curran, Christine. “A Look Back at Oregon’s Future Oregonians Today and Tomorrow. Salem, OR, Preservation in the United States. Amherst: with Space, Style, and Structure.” Oregon 2011. University of Massachusetts Press, 2016. Historical Quarterly 117:3 (2016): 434–439. Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Schmickle, William Edgar. Preservation Politics: Delumbra, Madeline. Economic Effects of Historic Centennial Horizon: Shaping the Future of Keeping Historic Districts Vital. Lanham, MD: Preservation in Oregon. Prepared for the Oregon Oregon’s Parks, Recreation, Conservation, and Altamira Press, 2012. Preservation. Salem, OR, 2008. State Historic Preservation Office. Vancouver, Walker, Peter A. and Patrick T. Hurley. Planning WA, E. D. Hovee & Company, 1999. Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Oregon Paradise: Politics and Visioning of Land Use Griffin, Dennis and T.E. Churchill. “Cultural Heritage Division. Annual Report of the Oregon in Oregon. Tucson: The University of Arizona Resource Management in the Pacific Northwest: Main Street Program. Salem, OR, 2016. Press, 2011. Working Within the Process.” Journal of Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Walton Potter, Elizabeth. “The National Preservation Northwest Anthropology 37, no. 1 (2003): 27–42. Oregon Heritage Division, Oregon Heritage Act at Fifty: How a Wide-Ranging Federal-State Griffin, Dennis. “The Evolution of Oregon’s Cultural Commission. Oregon Heritage Plan, 2014–2019. Partnership Made its Mark in Oregon.” Oregon Resource Laws and Regulations.” Journal of Salem, OR, 2014. Historical Quarterly 117:3 (2016): 378–397. Northwest Anthropology 43, no 1 (2009): 87–116. Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. Guidelines Walton Potter, Elizabeth. “Significant Events in the Historic Preservation League of Oregon. Special for Conducting Field Archaeology in Oregon. Historic Preservation Movement in Oregon.” Report: Healthy Historic Districts: Solutions to Salem, OR, 2013. Oregon Historical Quarterly 117:3 (2016): 440–451. Help Preserve and Revitalize Oregon’s Historic Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. Guidelines Downtowns. Portland, OR, 2010. for Conducting Historic Resource Surveys in White, Bradford J. and Richard J. Roddewig. Meeks, Stephanie with Kevin C. Murphy. The Past Oregon. Salem, OR, 2015. Preparing a Historic Preservation Plan. Chicago: American Planning Association and National and Future City: How Historic Preservation Is Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. Oregon Trust for Historic Preservation, Planning Reviving America’s Communities. Washington, Model Historic Preservation Ordinance. Salem, Advisory Series, Number 450, 1994. D.C.: Island Press, 2016. OR, 2010. National Park Service. Cultural Resources Climate Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. State of Change Strategy. Washington, D.C., 2016. Oregon Archaeological Reporting Guidelines. National Park Service and the National Conference Salem, OR, 2009. of State Historic Preservation Officers. Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. The Preserving Your Community’s Heritage through Oregon Historic Preservation Plan. Salem, OR, the Certified Local Government Program. 2000, 2005, 2011. Washington, D.C., 1995. 39

Notes: 40 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Notes: 41

Prepared by: Oregon State Historic Preservation Office

Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, age, national origin, or handicap in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of federal assistance, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office For Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20240.

The activity that is the subject of this publication has been financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, as provided through the State Historic Preservation Office. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsements or recommendations by the Department of the Interior.

Astoria Column 42 | Oregon Historic Preservation Plan 2018–2023

Oregon State Historic Preservation Office 725 Summer Street NE, Suite C Salem, Oregon 97301 (503) 986-0678

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