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From Ireland to America: Emigration and the Great Famine 1845 – 1852
Volume 2 Issue 4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND March 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 From Ireland to America: Emigration and the Great Famine 1845 – 1852 Amira Achouri University of Grenoble Alpes, France Institute of languages and cultures in Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Australia Centre for Studies on the modes of Anglophone Representation [email protected] Abstract One of the changes that compose history is the migration of peoples. The human development of colossal numbers from one geographical area to another and their first contact with other social and economic backgrounds is a major source of change in the human state. For at least two centuries long before the great brook of the Hungry Forties, Irish immigrants had been making their way to the New World. Yet, the tragedy of the Great Famine is still seen as the greatest turning point of Irish history for the future of Ireland was forever changed. The paper tends to explore the conception of emigration and how it steadily became “a predominant way of life” in Ireland, so pervasive and integral to Irish life that it had affected the broad context of both Irish and American histories simultaneously. From the post-colonial perspective, my study presents emigration as one of the greatest emotional issues in Irish history, as it tends to have a very negative image especially in the post-Famine era. People are generally seen as involuntary “exiles”, compelled to leave Ireland by “British tyranny” and “landlord oppression” - an idealized Ireland where everyone was happy and gay and where roses grew around the door of the little white-washed cottage. -
The Reemergence of Emigration from Ireland
THE RE-EMERGENCE OF EMIGRATION FROM IRELAND NEW TRENDS IN AN OLD STORY By Irial Glynn with Tomás Kelly and Piaras Mac Éinrí TRANSATLANTIC COUNCIL ON MIGRATION THE RE-EMERGENCE OF EMIGRATION FROM IRELAND New Trends in An Old Story By Irial Glynn with Tomás Kelly and Piaras Mac Éinrí December 2015 Acknowledgments Much of the research on which this report is based was carried out as a result of a one-year Irish Research Council grant, which enabled the completion of the EMIGRE (“EMIGration and the propensity to REturn”) project at University College Cork between October 2012 to September 2013. The resulting paper was completed with the support of a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Program. Thanks go to Natalia Banulescu-Bogdan and Kate Hooper from the Migration Policy Institute for their insightful comments on earlier drafts. This research was commissioned by the Transatlantic Council on Migration, an initiative of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), for its twelfth plenary meeting, held in Lisbon. The meeting’s theme was “Rethinking Emigration: A Lost Generation or a New Era of Mobility?” and this paper was one of the reports that informed the Council’s discussions. The Council is a unique deliberative body that examines vital policy issues and informs migration policymaking processes in North America and Europe. The Council’s work is generously supported by the following foundations and governments: Open Society Foundations, Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Barrow Cadbury Trust, the Luso- American Development Foundation, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, and the governments of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. -
Global Irish: Ireland's Diaspora Policy
Éireannaigh anDomhain March 2015 March Beartas nahÉireannmaidirleisanDiaspóra Ireland’s Diaspora Policy Diaspora Ireland’s Irish Global Éireannaigh an Domhain Beartas na hÉireann maidir leis an Diaspóra Ireland’s Diaspora Policy Márta 2015 Global Irish Ireland’s DIASPORA POLICY 1 The Irish nation cherishes its special affinity with people of Irish ancestry living abroad who share its cultural identity and heritage Bunreacht na hÉireann 2 GLOBAL IRISH Our vision is a vibrant, diverse global Irish community, connected to Ireland and to each other. Ireland’s DIASPORA POLICY 3 Contents What’s New in this Policy? 4 Forewords 6 Introduction 10 Why a Review of Diaspora Policy? 13 Who are the Irish Diaspora? 16 Why Engagement with the Diaspora is so Important 19 The Role of Government 23 Supporting the Diaspora 25 Emigrant Support Programme 25 Welfare 27 Connecting with the Diaspora 31 Whole of Government Approach 31 Implementation 32 Local Activation for Global Reach 32 Communication 34 Culture 36 St. Patrick’s Day 38 Commemorations 39 Facilitating Diaspora Engagement 41 Partnerships 41 Networks 43 Returning Home 46 Diaspora Studies 47 Recognising the Diaspora 49 Presidential Distinguished Service Award for the Irish Abroad 49 The Certificate of Irish Heritage 50 Evolving Diaspora Policy 52 New Diaspora Communities 52 Alumni Engagement 53 Annex 1 - Presidential Distinguished Service Award for the Irish Abroad 54 Annex 2 - Membership of Interdepartmental Committee on the Irish Abroad 55 4 GLOBAL IRISH What’s New in this Policy? This is the first clear statement of Government of Ireland policy on the diaspora which recognises that Ireland has a unique and important relationship with its diaspora that must be nurtured and developed. -
The Contested Isle: the Hibernian Tribunal
The Contested Isle Credits AUTHORS: Mark Lawford, Christian Jensen Romer, Matt Ryan, AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES Mark Shirley DEVELOPMENT, EDITING, & PROJECT MANAGEMENT: David Chart Mark Lawford lives, works, and writes for Ars Magica in East- PROOFREADING, LAYOUT & ART DIRECTION: Cam Banks bourne, England. He’s also working on some original fiction, PROOFREADING ASSISTANCE: Jessica Banks & Michelle Nephew so please do wish him luck. He is very grateful to his fellow PUBLISHER: John Nephew author Matt Ryan for helping realize his aim of writing for COVER ILLUSTRATION: Christian St. Pierre a Tribunal book. CARTOGRAPHY: Matt Ryan Christian Jensen Romer is an unlikely candidate to write about INTERIOR ART: Jason Cole, Jenna Fowler, Christian St. Pierre, Ireland, being a Dane living in England. His passion for Irish Gabriel Verdon history and the medieval saints however led this to be his ADDITIONAL ART: Celtic Design. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, favorite Ars Magica project to date, and he hopes you find as Inc., 2007. much joy in it as he did. He would like to dedicate his part of ARS MAGICA FIFTH EDITION TRADE DRESS: J. Scott Reeves this book to the memory of Christina Jones, who taught him PUBLISHER’S SPECIAL THANKS: Jerry Corrick & the gang at the the little Irish he knows and told him tales of her homeland. Source. Matt Ryan works in a university library in upstate New York. His forefathers were early participants in the Irish diaspora FIRST ROUND PLAYTESTERS: Jason Brennan, Justin Brennan, Elisha and his family has been in the States for several generations. Campbell, Robert Major; Leon Bullock, Peter Ryan, Chris He visited Ireland in 2001, during which time he swam in Barrett, John A Edge; Eirik Bull, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Hel- the cove on Cape Clear Island, where he would later place ge Furuseth, André Neergaard, Sigurd Lund; Donna Giltrap, the covenant Cliffheart. -
Ireland's Diaspora Strategy: Diaspora for Development?
IRELAND'S DIASPORA there has been insuJ 4 Irish emigrants an< changing nature of now being institut' Ireland's diaspora strategy: diaspora ments and semi-st diaspora and there for development? diaspora strategy. I diaspora strategy I Mark Boyle, Rob Kitchin and Delphine Ancien through which dia~ on some importan< then isolate three ; institutions and str identifying a numb diaspora strategy rr Diaspora and devc Introduction i In 2011, when the population of the Irish Republic stood at 4.58 million, over Growing interest 70 million people worldwide claimed Irish descent, and 3.2 million Irish countries of origin passport holders, including 800,000 Irish-born citizens, lived overseas Studies and the pra (Ancien et al., 2009). Despite being varied and complex, it is often assumed Dewind and Hold< that a strong relationship has prevailed between the Irish diaspora and Lowell and Gerov Ireland, with the diaspora operating transnationally, bequeathing a flow of Vertovec, 2007; Y< various exchanges (e.g. information, goods, money, tourist visits, political viewed as a baromc ment strategies. Th will) between diaspora members and family and social, cultural, economic and political institutions in Ireland. Nevertheless, throughout the early 2000s, being pursued by 1 skilled labour from Ireland's relationship with its diaspora was seen to be entering a new era in further weaken th< which ties to Ireland were seemingly weakening as the traditional imperatives however, countrie that helped to maintain a strong Irish identity across generations were -
A Letter from Ireland
A Letter from Ireland Mike Collins lives just outside Cork City, Ireland. He travels around the island of Ireland with his wife, Carina, taking pictures and listening to stories about families, names and places. He and Carina blog about these stories and their travels at: www.YourIrishHeritage.com A Letter from Ireland Irish Surnames, Counties, Culture and Travel Mike Collins Your Irish Heritage First published 2014 by Your Irish Heritage Email: [email protected] Website: www.youririshheritage.com © Mike Collins 2014 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. All quotations have been reproduced with original spelling and punctuation. All errors are the author’s own. ISBN: 978-1499534313 PICTURE CREDITS All Photographs and Illustrative materials are the authors own. DESIGN Cover design by Ian Armstrong, Onevision Media Your Irish Heritage Old Abbey Waterfall, Cork, Ireland DEDICATION This book is dedicated to Carina, Evan and Rosaleen— my own Irish Heritage—and the thousands of readers of Your Irish Heritage who make the journey so wonderfully worthwhile. Contents Preface ...................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................ 4 Section 1: Your Irish Surname ....................................... -
Reaching the Irish Diaspora in America
White paper—IrishCentral LLC IrishCentral LLC 875 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10001 212-871-0111 ext. 208 http://www.irishcentral.com [email protected] Reaching the Irish Diaspora in America This white paper will examine the power of the Irish Diaspora in America, their scale, influence, and consumer habits, and provide the insight required to market to them. 1 IrishCentral LLC July/2012 Reaching the Irish Diaspora in America Executive Summary: The Irish Diaspora represents one of the largest and fastest growing ethnic populations in Ameri- ca. According to the US Census Bureau 2010 study – those claiming Irish descent grew by 10% over the past decade to over 34.7 million people. Include another 3.2 million Scotch-Irish and the total is about 38 million. The Irish are the second largest ethnic group in America, behind Ger- man, and they enjoy above average demographics. More than 32% have earned a college de- gree and have an overall median income of $56,383. As such, Irish Americans represent an ex- cellent target group for both US and Irish based consumer goods companies. The Irish Diaspora The size and scope of this audience is becoming increasingly important for Irish based compa- represents one of the nies to target –they are their natural born consumers. The Irish American audience in America is ten times the total population of Ireland and has far greater disposable income. Today, most Irish largest and fastest Americans are second and third generations removed from Ireland, but retain a keen interest in growing ethnic their rich Irish heritage. -
Two Diasporic Moments in Irish Emigration History: the Famine Generation and the Contemporary Era*
Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, n. 9 (2019), pp. 43-65 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/SIJIS-2239-3978-25506 Two Diasporic Moments in Irish Emigration History: The Famine Generation and the Contemporary Era* Kevin Kenny New York University (<[email protected]>) Abstract: In some usages “diaspora” refers to a social process (relocation or mi- gration) and in others to a social entity (a migrant group or ethnic group). Both approaches require scholars to define diaspora, but the criteria often seem arbitrary. Rather than posing a timeless question (“What is a diaspora?”), this article examines diaspora as an idea that people use to interpret the world migration creates. Diaspora in this sense reached its peak historical significance for Ireland in two distinct periods, but for quite different reasons: the era of the Great Famine, when mass emigration gave rise to a powerful transnational sense of exile; and the era since the 1980s, when changes in the acad- emy, popular culture, communications, and especially government policy produced a new sense of connectedness among the global Irish. Keywords: Diaspora, Emigration, Famine, Government, Irish 1. The idea of diaspora About 10 million Irish men, women, and children have emigrated from Ireland since 1700. Remarkably, this figure is more than twice the popula- tion of the Republic of Ireland today (4.8 million), it exceeds the population of the island of Ireland (6.7 million), and it is higher than the population of Ireland at its historical peak (8.5 million) on the eve of the Great Famine in 1845. -
Gaelic Games in New York City and Ireland and Their Role in Strengthening a Trans-Atlantic Irish
Gaelic Games in New York City and Ireland and their role in Strengthening a Trans-Atlantic Irish Nationalism in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Finn Clarke HIST-UA 183.001: History of Modern Ireland: 1800 to the Present Professor McCarron May 11, 2018 Clarke 1 The Irish Hurling and Football Club was founded in New York City in 1857.1 This was more than twenty years before Ireland’s Gaelic Athletic Association was founded. Both organizations had similar goals; to instill in their members a sense of Irish identity.2 The connection between Gaelic games and Irish nationalism has been well researched by authors like Paul Rouse. However, there has been a tendency when writing about Gaelic games and Irish nationalism to focus on these phenomena within Ireland’s borders. Paul Darby, in his, Gaelic games, Nationalism, and the Irish Diaspora in the United States, explores Gaelic games in the United States, an underdeveloped field of study. He delves into how Gaelic games developed in New York, Boston, and Chicago, offering insights into how the diaspora’s relationship to both Gaelic games and nationalism changed throughout the twentieth century. While Darby offers a glimpse into the diaspora’s relationship with their homeland, his history is particularly interested in the development of Gaelic games in America. This essay builds on Darby’s work to offer an explicitly transatlantic picture of Gaelic games’ relation to Irish nationalism by exploring New York City’s gaelic sports community and its connections to nationalism in Ireland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. -
DNA Vs the Irish Annals
Updated 10/21/2014 DNA vs Irish Annals (2014) by Brad Larkin Slide 1 DNA vs Irish Annals A summary of results to 2014 with examples from major surnames & haplogroups Brad Larkin Sponsored by Surname DNA Journal www.surnamedna.com Prepared for the Genetic Genealogy Ireland Conference 2014 Updated 10/21/2014 DNA vs Irish Annals (2014) by Brad Larkin Slide 2 Overview • The topic for discussion will be the major Irish genealogical groups from Irish annals such as the Uí Néill, and the provincial kings of Connacht, Munster, Leinster, and Ulster as well as Norman lineages. • A brief review of how much modern DNA linked to these lineages has been sampled and how consistent the DNA findings match the ancient genealogies. • This presentation is well suited for those who like to connect historical figures to their genetic genealogy research. Updated 10/21/2014 DNA vs Irish Annals (2014) by Brad Larkin Slide 3 Preface 1. “Annals” refers here to all ancient Irish written material • Prior to the Christian Era, Druidic history was strictly committed to memory and oral history – but with a great deal of care • Julies Caesar mentions ‘20 years’ and that Gaulish druids went to Britain • By the word ‘Annals’ we are referring to all annals, genealogies, & texts written in Gaelic or Latin from about 500 ad to 1700ad1 2. New Data, Fresh Look • This presentation is intended to promote a fresh look at the demographic history of Ireland based on recent DNA evidence. • DNA population frequencies have been freshly recalculated • Based on 2014 data in FTDNA DNA research projects and the SNP tsunami of new markers being discovered • sequencing technology, university research • dedicated citizen scientists & genetic genealogists • Some established intellectual paradigms will be challenged, so please try to be open-minded 1David Austin Larkin, Irish Scribes, 2009 Updated 10/21/2014 DNA vs Irish Annals (2014) by Brad Larkin Slide 4 Presentation Approach For each topic, we will touch upon: 1. -
LOCAL DIASPORA TOOLKIT Commissioned by the Minister for Diaspora Affairs
LOCAL DIASPORA TOOLKIT Commissioned by the Minister for Diaspora Affairs UCD Clinton Institute Office of the Minister For Diaspora Affairs LOCAL DIASPORA TOOLKIT Commissioned by the Minister for Diaspora Affairs Professor Liam Kennedy & Dr Madeleine Lyes UCD Clinton Institute 2015 Office of the Minister For Diaspora Affairs FOREWORD BY MINISTER FOR DIASPORA AFFAIRS, MR JIMMY DEENIHAN, TD When I was appointed Minister for Diaspora Affairs I was very conscious of what could be achieved by building links with Ireland’s dias- pora from local and community level. This is reflected in our first ever Diaspora Policy, Global Irish – Ireland’s Diaspora Policy, which recognises that Irish people have a keen sense of attachment to their place of origin. For many Irish people abroad, it is not just a question of being from Ireland, but which county town and even townland a person is from. The production of this Local Diaspora Toolkit follows on from a commitment in the Dias- pora Policy to develop a practical guide for local authorities and local and community groups to assist in the development of strategies for local diaspora engagement. What has become clear from the research carried out by Professor Liam Kennedy and Dr Madeleine Lyes is that there is a wealth of local diaspora engagement initiatives already underway throughout the country. While this Toolkit doesn’t contain an exhaustive list of these initiatives, it profiles some of the best and most successful and identifies common elements for success. It identifies a clear leadership role for local authorities and gives clear guidance for the development of strategies at county and local level. -
When Did the Irish-American Diaspora Make a Difference? Influencing US Diplomacy Towards Northern Ireland
Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, n. 9 (2019), pp. 329-346 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/SIJIS-2239-3978-25520 When did the Irish-American Diaspora Make a Difference? Influencing US Diplomacy towards Northern Ireland Timothy J. White, Emily M. Pausa Xavier University (<[email protected]>; <[email protected]>) Abstract: This article explains the changing relationship between Irish lead- ers, the Irish-American diaspora, Irish-American political elites, and American diplomacy. Specifically, we explore the transnational advocacy networks (TANSs) associated with the Irish diaspora and their impact on American diplomacy. In the early twentieth centu- ry, de Valera failed to mobilize Irish-America to convince President Wilson to recognize the Irish Republic. By the late twentieth cen- tury Irish-Americans became effective foreign policy entrepreneurs in Congress re-orienting US diplomacy toward Northern Ireland. Irish political elites utilized both the diaspora and their elite con- nections to transform the American policy of deference to its Cold War ally to an engaged diplomacy mediating and promoting peace. Keywords: Congressional Foreign Policy Entrepreneurs, Four Horse- men, Irish-American Diaspora, Northern Aid Committee (NO- RAID), Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) There is a long history of Irish governmental efforts to mobilize the Irish-American diaspora to influence United States foreign policy. The first President of the Irish Republic travelled throughout the United States (US) seeking to mobilize this diaspora to convince President Wilson to grant dip- lomatic recognition to the Irish Republic in 1919. Though the mission failed, it symbolized the Irish understanding that the diaspora in America could be used to pressure the US government and thereby shape American foreign policy to its interests.