Ali Shariati and the Future of Social Theory <UN> Studies in Critical Social Sciences Series Editor David Fasenfest (Wayne State University) Editorial Board Eduardo Bonilla-Silva (Duke University) Chris Chase-Dunn (University of California-Riverside) William Carroll (University of Victoria) Raewyn Connell (University of Sydney) Kimberlé W. Crenshaw (University of California, la, and Columbia University) Heidi Gottfried (Wayne State University) Karin Gottschall (University of Bremen) Mary Romero (Arizona State University) Alfredo Saad-Filho (University of London) Chizuko Ueno (University of Tokyo) Sylvia Walby (Lancaster University) VOLUME 115 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/scss <UN> Ali Shariati and the Future of Social Theory Religion, Revolution, and the Role of the Intellectual Edited by Dustin J. Byrd Seyed Javad Miri LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Cover illustration: Portrait of Ali Shariati. With thanks to Ehsan Shariati Mazinani and the Dr Ali Shariati Cultural Foundation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Byrd, Dustin, editor. | Miri, Seyed Javad, editor. Title: Ali Shariati and the future of social theory : religion, revolution, and the role of the intellectual / edited by Dustin J. Byrd, Seyed Javad Miri. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2018. | Series: Studies in critical social sciences ; volume 115 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017032455 (print) | LCCN 2017034420 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004353732 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004351912 | ISBN 9789004351912 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Sharīʻatī, ʻAlī. | Sharīʻatī, ʻAlī--Political and social views. | Islam--20th century. | Sociology. | Religion and sociology. Classification: LCC BP80.S517 (ebook) | LCC BP80.S517 A653 2018 (print) | DDC 297.2/7092--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017032455 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1573-4234 isbn 978-90-04-35191-2 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-35373-2 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. <UN> Contents Acknowledgements vii About the Contributors viii 1 Introduction 1 Dustin J. Byrd and Seyed Javad Miri 2 Shariati, Enlightenment and the Return of the Universal for Comparative Political Thinking 9 Eric Goodfield 3 Ideology by Any Other Name: Social Sciences and the Humanities as Western Catechism 21 Carimo Mohomed 4 Spokesmen of Intellectual Decolonization: Shariati in Dialogue with Alatas 64 Esmaeil Zeiny 5 Ali Shariati’s Critique of Durkheim’s Sociology of Religion 85 Seyed Javad Miri 6 Ali Shariati and Critical Theory: From Black Affirmation to Red Negation 98 Dustin J. Byrd 7 Ali Shariati and Ethical Humanism: Conceiving a Perspective of Liberative Social Ethics 128 Teo Lee Ken 8 The Liberties of a Transmitter: Frantz Fanon According to Shariati 157 Georg Leube 9 Understanding Ali Shariati’s Political Thought 170 Chandra Muzaffar 10 The New Islamism: Remembrance and Liberation 181 Sophia Rose Arjana <UN> vi contents 11 Ali Shariati on the Question of Palestine: Making a Sacred Symbol for Uprising against Injustice and Domination 200 Mahdi Ahouie 12 Shariati on Islamic and Western Philosophy of Education 212 Khosrow Bagheri Noaparast 13 Ali Shariati and Anti-Americanism in the Persian Gulf Region 226 Fatemeh Shayan 14 We and Shariati 250 M. Kürşad Atalar 15 Musulman-e Marksisti: The Islamic Modernism of Ali Shariati in Religion vs. Religion 271 Bader Mousa Al-Saif Index 277 <UN> Acknowledgements First, we would like to acknowledge the contributors to this edited volume. Without their meticulous and important work on Ali Shariati, we would be impoverished in terms of our knowledge of his revolutionary intellect and his lasting legacy. Although Shariati is the original repertoire of wisdom from which we draw, it is with these scholars, from all parts of the world, that Shara- iti’s work is preserved, elevated and expanded upon for generations to come. We would also like to thank Jamie Groendyk who helped prepare the manu- script, as well as the editorial and production staff at Brill, who make academic publishing an enjoyable experience. Last but not least, we would like to thank the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies in Tehran, Iran, which funded the First International Seminar on Shariati and the Future of Human Sciences in December 2015. It, and the insightful discourses we engaged in at the confer- ence, inspired us to pull our resources together and write this book. <UN> About the Contributors Mahdi Ahouie is Assistant Professor of politics in the department of “Iranian Studies,” Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran (Iran). He received his Ph.D. in interna- tional relations from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, University of Geneva (Switzerland). Dr. Ahouie was a visiting scholar at the German Institute of Global and Area Studies (giga) in 2013, and a post- doctoral fellow at the Geneva Foundation for interreligious and intercultural Research and Dialogue through 2009–2010. Bader Mousa Al-Saif m.a., m.t.s., Ed.M., is a Ph.D. candidate in History at Georgetown University with a focus on the history of the Middle East and North Africa, the history of Islam, Islamic thought, and religious renewal. His article, “Neither Fulul nor Ikhwan: Abdulrahman Yusuf and the Rise of an Alternative Current in Post-Morsi Egypt,” was published in Mathal. His co-authored chapter, “Higher Education and Contestation in Kuwait After the Arab Spring: Identity Con- struction and Ideologies of Domination in the American University of Kuwait,” appeared in an edited volume on Education & the Arab Spring. Al-Saif’s two encyclopedia entries on Islamic renewal and Kuwait and war have appeared in ABC-Clio’s Islam and The Sage Encyclopedia of War. Al-Saif holds a Master of Education and a Master of Theology, both with honors from Harvard Uni- versity, and a Master of Law with distinction from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Al-Saif graduated summa cum laude from Boston College with a double major in political science and history. Sophia Rose Arjana is a scholar of religion whose areas of research include Islam, pilgrimage, lib- eration theology, and popular culture. She has taught at Iliff School of The- ology, University of Denver, and University of Colorado. Her published work includes book chapters and articles on Shi’i pilgrimage architecture, liberation theology, Islamophobia, and Muslims in popular culture. Her first monograph Muslims in the Western Imagination (Oxford, 2015) was a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of 2015. In 2017, she will publish two books, Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and Modern Practices (Oneworld) and Veiled Superheroes: Islam, Feminism, and Popular Culture (Lexington Press). <UN> About the Contributors ix M. Kürşad Atalar is a graduate of the Public Administration & Political Science depart- ment of the Middle East Technical University (metu) (1990). He received his bachelor of science degree in 1994, and his doctorate in 2002 from the same University. The title of his master thesis is “Definitions of Politics and Their Reflections in the Minds of Turkish Voters,” and that of doctoral the- sis “Radical Islamism in Turkey: The Cases of Gradualism of Ercümend Özkan and Militanism of Hizbollah.” He has been working as a governmen- tal officer in General Directorate of Meteorology since 1984. He has written several books, Düşüncede Devrim (Revolution in Mind), On Tez (Ten Thesis), Düşüncenin Okullaşması (Systematization of Thought), Düşüncenin Siyas- eti (The Politics of Thought), Sembol Şahsiyetler (Symbolic Figures of Islamic Revivalism). He also translated Mark A. Kishlansky’s The Sources of the West, Albert Hourani’s Islam in the European Thought, Immanuel Wallerstein’s The Modern World-System and H.A.R. Gibbs’ Modern Trends in Islam into Turkish. Dustin J. Byrd is Associate Professor of Religion, Philosophy and Arabic at Olivet College in Michigan, usa, where he specializes in the Critical Theory of the Frank- furt School as well as Contemporary Islamic thought. Along with publishing numerous articles, he is also the author of the recent book Islam in a Post- Secular Society: Religion, Secularity and the Antagonism of Recalcitrant Faith (Brill, 2016), and is the co-editor of the book Malcolm X: From Political Escha- tology to Religious Revolutionary (Brill, 2016). His latest book, Unfashionable Objections to Islamophobic Cartoons: L’affaire Charlie Hebdo, will be released in 2017 (Cambridge Scholars Press). Currently, He is researching the vari- ous forms of neo-fascism that have arisen in the West in reaction to political Islam. Eric Goodfield is Assistant Professor with the American University