The University and the Future
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Open Education Resources: Current Limitations and Challenges and Its Usage in Developing Countries
Open Education Resources: Current Limitations and Challenges and its Usage in Developing Countries Mark Peneder and Felix Walcher February 9, 2020 1 Abstract As the cost and demand of higher education is on the rise all over the world, education stakeholders are searching for ways to meet these demands. Open Educational Resources (OER) have the potential to provide these resources and promote lifelong learning. OER are freely accessible resources for educational purpose. OER are considered to reduce the gap between different strata of society and countries. But despite all these opportunities, OER has still not reached its full potential. This might be explained by the fact that it is still in the early adoption state and the number of challenges that OER is still facing at the moment. Often both teachers and students in higher education communities are not aware of the potential of OER. Furthermore, the major content of OER is mostly English language based and global north dominated. OER is free to use but not free to produce and maintain, because of this the perhaps biggest challenge of Open Educational Resources is their sustainability in financial terms. Developing countries have the possibility to benefit even more from existing OER to enhance or develop new teaching material based on the knowledge from all over the world but are also facing additional challenges. The western-dominated resources have to be recontextualized for their cultural context and they are plagued by limited funding, poor internet infrastructure and a general lack of awareness of OER and policies for its use and creation. -
Institutional Diversity in European Higher Education
INSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY IN EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION Tensions and challenges for policy makers and institutional leaders by Sybille Reichert Copyright © 2009 by the European University Association All rights reserved. This information may be freely used and copied for non-commercial purposes, provided that the source is acknowledged (© European University Association). Additional copies of this publication are available for 20 Euros per copy. For ordering information, please contact [email protected] or write to: European University Association asbl Rue d’Egmont 13 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel +32 - 2 230 55 44 Fax +32 - 2 230 57 51 A free electronic version of this publication is available through www.eua.be ISBN: 9789078997153 INSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY IN EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION Tensions and challenges for policy makers and institutional leaders by Sybille Reichert 4 Content 6 Foreword 7 Acknowledgements 8 Chapter1: InstitutionalDiversityinHigherEducation –AimsoftheStudyinLightofKeyConceptsand PreviousResearch 21 Chapter2: InstitutionalDiversityinEnglishHigherEducation 45 Chapter3: InstitutionalDiversityinFrenchHigherEducation 63 Chapter4: InstitutionalDiversityinNorwegianHigherEducation 83 Chapter5: InstitutionalDiversityinSlovakHigherEducation 98 Chapter6: InstitutionalDiversityinSwissHigherEducation 122 Chapter7: InstitutionalDiversityinFiveEuropeanHigher EducationSystems–SummaryofFindings 144 Chapter8: InstitutionalDiversityinEuropeanHigherEducation –Conclusions 156 References 5 Foreword The issue of institutional diversity has moved -
Foundation Degree September 2015
Characteristics Statement Foundation Degree September 2015 UK Quality Code for Higher Education Part A: Setting and maintaining academic standards Contents About this Statement .......................................................................................................... 1 How can I use this document? .......................................................................................... 1 1 Context and purposes of foundation degrees .............................................................. 2 1.1 Context ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Purposes of the foundation degree ............................................................................ 2 1.3 Characteristics of the foundation degree graduate ..................................................... 3 2 Distinctive features of foundation degrees .................................................................. 4 2.1 Design ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Employer involvement ............................................................................................... 4 2.3 Accessibility ............................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Progression ............................................................................................................... 5 2.5 Flexibility ................................................................................................................... -
Open Source and Sustainability: the Role of University
OPEN SOURCE AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY Dr. Giorgio F. SIGNORINI, PhD Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze via della Lastruccia, 3 I-50019 Sesto F. (Firenze), Italy giorgio.signorini@unifi.it Abstract One important goal in sustainability is making technologies available to the maximum possible number of individuals, and especially to those living in less developed areas (Goal 9 of SDG). However, the diffusion of technical knowledge is hindered by a number of factors, among which the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) system plays a primary role. While opinions about the real effect of IPRs in stimulating and disseminating innovation differ, there is a growing number of authors arguing that a different approach may be more effective in promoting global development. The success of the Open Source (OS) model in the field of software has led analysts to speculate whether this paradigm can be extended to other fields. Key to this model are both free access to knowledge and the right to use other people’s results. After reviewing the main features of the OS model, we explore different areas where it can be profitably applied, such as hardware design and production; we then discuss how academical institutions can (and should) help diffusing the OS philosophy and practice. Widespread use of OS software, fostering of research projects aimed to use and develop OS software and hardware, the use of open education tools, and a strong commitment to open access publishing are some of the discussed examples. Keywords Sustainable Development, University, Open Source, Open Education, Open Access 1 Introduction What is sustainability about? According to the widely accepted definition of the Brundtland Report (Brundtland 1987), human development is sustainable when it can satisfy the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. -
(OER) Movement
MiT8 public media, private media May 3-5, 2013 at MIT, Cambridge, MA Theo Hug <[email protected]> (University of Innsbruck) Education for All Revisited: On Concepts of Sharing in the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement DRAFT VERSION Abstract1 Relationships between the private and public sphere in education have been discussed repeatedly and in various ways. However, the role of media and media dynamics is widely underestimated in this context. Only recently, after the digital turn, has the focus of the debates changed. In the past few years, manifold initiatives aiming at opening up education on various levels using digital communications technologies and Creative Commons licenses. Additionally, massive open online courses (moocs) have been developed. Today, OER (Open Educational Resources) is used widely as an umbrella term for free content creation initiatives: OER Commons (http://www.oercommons.org/), Open Courseware (OCW), OER repositories, OCW search facilities, University OCW initiatives, and related activities. Shared resource sites such as Connexions (http://cnx.org), WikiEducator (http://wikieducator.org), and Curriki (www.curriki.org) have an increasing number of visitors and contributors. On one hand, the motif of ‘education for all’ is once again appearing in related debates and practices. On the other hand, notions of sharing play a crucial role in open content and open education strategies. This paper has a threefold purpose: it starts with an outline of selected understandings of sharing in educational contexts; it then addresses their relevance for OER development through examining contrasting and relational conceptual dimensions. Furthermore, the contribution aims to take forms of sharing as media forms and to distinguish between stronger and weaker forms of sharing. -
Offenheit Und Teilen in Der Open Educational Resources (OER) Bewegung
Bildung für alle – eine Neuauflage? Offenheit und Teilen in der Open Educational Resources (OER) Bewegung Theo Hug Zusammenfassung Fragen nach der Bedeutung privater und öffentlicher Dimensionen in Bil- dungsprozessen und Forderungen nach Bildung für alle werden in der Pädago- gik seit Jahrhunderten diskutiert. Die Rolle von Medien und Mediendynami- ken wurde dabei weithin unterschätzt. In den letzten Jahren wurden allerdings vielfältige Initiativen entwickelt mit dem Ziel der Öffnung von Bildung mit- tels digitaler Kommunikationstechnologien und Creative Commons-Lizenzen sowie massive open online courses (moocs). Heute findet die Bezeichnung Open Educational Resources (OER) breite Verwendung als Überbegriff für Initiativen zur Schaffung von frei verfügbaren Inhalten, OER Commons, Open Courseware (OCW), OER-Archiven, OCW-Suchhilfen sowie universitären OCW-Initiativen und ähnlichen Aktivitäten. Auf der einen Seite werden in den einschlägigen Debatten und Praktiken alte Motive der Bildung für alle wieder aufgegriffen. Auf der anderen Seite spielen spezifische Auffassungen der gemeinsamen Nutzung eine zentrale Rolle bei Strategien bezüglich frei zugänglicher Inhalte und offener Bildungsmedien. Der Beitrag beginnt (1) mit einem Abriss über ausgewählte Auffassungen von Offenheit und Teilen in bildungsbezogenen Zusammenhängen, gefolgt (2) von einer Erörterung ihrer Relevanz für OER-Entwicklungen mittels der Gegenüberstellung und Relati- onierung von konzeptuellen Dimensionen. Abschließend (3) zielt der Beitrag auf eine Interpretation der Formen -
Translating Degrees and Academic Titles Abbreviations: Challenges and Perspectives
Slađana Milinković TRANSLATING DEGREES AND ACADEMIC TITLES ABBREVIATIONS: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES SLAĐANA MILINKOVIĆ Th e Court Interpreters and Translators Association of Serbia E-mail: [email protected] Egyetemi fokozatok és tudományos címek rövidítéseinek fordítása: kihívások és perspektí- vák. Az ember társas lény, ezért természetes szükséglete a kommunikáció. Az emberi kommuni- káció fontosságát már évezredekkel ezelőtt felismerték, és gyökerei sokkal messzebbre nyúlnak vissza, mint amiről az írott történelem beszámol. Az emberi kommunikáció alapja az együttmű- ködés és a közös szándék, ahogy azt az antroposzemiotika is tanítja. Idáig azonban hosszú utat kellett bejárni. „Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος”,1 tanítja a Biblia, de az igét meg kell hallgatni, és terjeszteni kell. Minél messzebbre kellett eljutnia, annál fontosabb volt, hogy valamilyen módon lejegyezzék. És az em- ber másik természetes szükséglete, hogy nyomot hagyjon a világban – valamilyen képpel, szám- mal vagy betűvel. Nézzük meg röviden ennek a történetét. Kulcsszavak: latin nyelvű oklevelek, egyetemi fokozatok fordítása, tudományos címek rövidítése, bírósági tolmácsolás, a terminológia alakulása Since man is a social being, one of his innate needs is the desire to communicate. Th e importance of human communication has been recognised for thousands of years, far longer than demonstrated through recorded history. Human communication is rooted in cooperative and shared intentions, as anthroposemiotics teaches us. But it was a long road to get us here. “Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος”, the Bible has taught us, but it has to be heard and spread. Th e further it needed to go, the greater was the need to record it in some way. And the second man’s innate need was to make a mark in the world – with a picture of some kind, a certain sign, numeral or letter. -
Open Courseware and Developing Countries: Building a Community
Open Courseware and Developing Countries: Building a Community This is the report of The Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries, convened in Paris by UNESCO 1-3 July 2002, with the support of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and organizational assistance from the Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications, WCET. Participants mapped a collaborative course, involving colleges and universities from around the world, for the productive and creative use of openly shared educational resources. In advance comments, summarized in an appendix to this report, they provided insights on the potentials and complex issues involved. This report was prepared by John Witherspoon. Contents The Forum Report Introduction: Open Resources 3 Defining the Concept 3 Prospects and Issues 3 Open Educational Resources: Turning a Concept into Reality 5 Design of an Index/Database 5 Creating a Globally Viable Infrastructure 6 2003: From Concept to Operation 6 Appendix A: Overview of the MIT OpenCourseWare Initiative 7 Appendix B: Summary of Forum Participants’ Preliminary Papers 11 Appendix C: Participants and Organizational Representatives 15 2 Introduction: Open Resources In spring 2001 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced that over a half- dozen years the substance of virtually all its courses would be posted on the Web, available for use by faculty members and students around the world, at no charge.1 Just over a year later – before material from its first course was online – MIT’s OpenCourseWare concept became the focus of a new international community. This emerging consortium was organized to evaluate, adapt, use, and develop open resources for its members’ many cultures and diverse languages. -
Understanding the Qualifications Framework
Understanding the qualifications framework Understanding the qualifications framework This table provides an overview of the three stages which make up the OU Qualifications Framework Undergraduate Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Completion of this stage equates to: Completion of this stage equates to: Completion of this stage equates to: a certificate of higher education a foundation degree or diploma of an honours degree higher education the completion of the first year at a the completion of the third year at a campus-based university. the completion of the second year at campus-based university. a campus-based university. On the next page, you will see how modules, levels and credits fit into each stage. Understanding the qualifications framework Page 2 of 3 Understanding the qualifications framework This table provides details on modules, levels and credits for each stage of the OU Qualifications Framework Undergraduate Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Students will need 120 credits to complete Students will need an additional 120 credits to Students will need an additional 120 credits to Stage 1. complete Stage 2. complete Stage 3. Completion of each stage will involve studying more than one module, and could take more than one year to complete. Students are able to study at their own pace. Each module will be set at a particular level. This indicates how complex it is, or how deep the learning is. Each module will also be measured by the number of credits that can be built up by completing it. Typically, modules will offer either 30 or 60 credits. Students will need to complete 1 – 2 compulsory modules, in addition to a choice of core modules to make up the 120 credits required for each stage. -
Nottingham Trent University Course Specification
Nottingham Trent University Course Specification Basic Course Information 1. Awarding Institution: Nottingham Trent University 2. School/Campus: School of Science & Technology / Clifton Campus 3. Final Award, Course Title and BSc (Honours) Physics with Modes of Study: Astrophysics, FT & SW 4. Normal Duration: FT 3 years, SW 4 years 5. UCAS Code: F3F5 6. Overview and general educational aims of the course Physics is concerned with the observation, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena and the behaviour of man-made systems. It is both a theoretical and practical discipline that continually evolves. Studying physics at university brings benefits that last a lifetime, and knowledge and skills that are valuable outside of physics. This physics with astrophysics course addresses the more general and fundamental topics of physics in the first year, and then provides a selection of more advanced topics in later years. You will develop investigative, experimental, mathematical, computational and other transferable skills. You will also gain a sound knowledge of some important topics in astrophysics. It is a broad-based course that will help to make you numerate, articulate and eminently employable. The course may be studied full time over 3 years, or as a sandwich course by adding a placement year between Levels 2 & 3. Institute of Physics accreditation has been granted for the course in either mode. The fundamental topics covered are classical and quantum mechanics, wave phenomena, electromagnetism, optics, thermodynamics and properties of matter. These areas are applied to such topics as condensed matter and imaging in later years. There is also a more specialist strand of Astronomy and Cosmology that is developed throughout the course. -
Distance Education Certification Standards
Distance Education Certification Standards Association of Real Estate License Law Officials 11650 Olio Road, Suite 1000 #360, Fishers, IN 46037 Copyright 2020 Table of Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................................... 1 Background to the Standards .................................................................................................... 1 The Standards Task Force Founding Members.................................................................................................................. 2 2013 -‐ 2014 Revision Taskforce Members .......................................................................................................................... 2 IDECC and New Industries ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 WHY STANDARDS? ................................................................................................................. 4 What is Distance Learning Education? ............................................................................................................................. 4 Standards, Amid Change .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Curricula, Courses, and Distance Delivery ...................................................................................................................... -
Pathways to Success in Engineering Degrees and Careers
Pathways to success in engineering degrees and careers July 2015 Pathways to success in engineering degrees and careers c1 c2 Royal Academy of Engineering Pathways to success in engineering degrees and careers A report commissioned by the Royal Academy of Engineering Standing Committee for Education and Training July 2015 ISBN: 978-1-909327-12-2 © Royal Academy of Engineering 2015 Available to download from: www.raeng.org.uk/pathwaystosuccess Cover and opposite image courtesy of the University of Liverpool Authors Dr Tim Bullough and Dr Diane Taktak, Engineering and Materials Education Research Group at the University of Liverpool About the Engineering and Materials Education Research Group (EMERG) Established in 2011, EMERG is based in the School of Engineering at the University of Liverpool and researches, develops, shares and supports best teaching and learning practice within the University of Liverpool and nationally in 4 main areas: • research and development of specialist engineering teaching methods and technologies, with an emphasis on e-learning • development and support for academics who wish to increase their skills as professional educators • distribution of teaching materials, research findings and learning resources for universities and schools • the management of local initiatives such as overseas student support and engineering competitions. Acknowledgements We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the following people: To staff from the University of Liverpool: Jackie Leyland, Adam Mannis, Kirsty Rothwell. Staff at the Royal Academy of Engineering: Dr Rhys Morgan, Claire Donovan, Bola Fatimilehin, Dominic Nolan. Members of the project advisory group: Professor Kel Fidler, Professor Peter Goodhew and Professor Sarah Spurgeon. Members of the project focus group: Alison Brunt, Stephanie Fernandez, Andy Frost, Martin Houghton, Ed McCann, Neil Randerson, Deborah Seddon, Tammy Simmons, David Swinscoe.