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Open Education Resources: Current Limitations and Challenges and Its Usage in Developing Countries
Open Education Resources: Current Limitations and Challenges and its Usage in Developing Countries Mark Peneder and Felix Walcher February 9, 2020 1 Abstract As the cost and demand of higher education is on the rise all over the world, education stakeholders are searching for ways to meet these demands. Open Educational Resources (OER) have the potential to provide these resources and promote lifelong learning. OER are freely accessible resources for educational purpose. OER are considered to reduce the gap between different strata of society and countries. But despite all these opportunities, OER has still not reached its full potential. This might be explained by the fact that it is still in the early adoption state and the number of challenges that OER is still facing at the moment. Often both teachers and students in higher education communities are not aware of the potential of OER. Furthermore, the major content of OER is mostly English language based and global north dominated. OER is free to use but not free to produce and maintain, because of this the perhaps biggest challenge of Open Educational Resources is their sustainability in financial terms. Developing countries have the possibility to benefit even more from existing OER to enhance or develop new teaching material based on the knowledge from all over the world but are also facing additional challenges. The western-dominated resources have to be recontextualized for their cultural context and they are plagued by limited funding, poor internet infrastructure and a general lack of awareness of OER and policies for its use and creation. -
Tuto Documentation Release 0.1.0
Tuto Documentation Release 0.1.0 DevOps people 2020-05-09 09H16 CONTENTS 1 Documentation news 3 1.1 Documentation news 2020........................................3 1.1.1 New features of sphinx.ext.autodoc (typing) in sphinx 2.4.0 (2020-02-09)..........3 1.1.2 Hypermodern Python Chapter 5: Documentation (2020-01-29) by https://twitter.com/cjolowicz/..................................3 1.2 Documentation news 2018........................................4 1.2.1 Pratical sphinx (2018-05-12, pycon2018)...........................4 1.2.2 Markdown Descriptions on PyPI (2018-03-16)........................4 1.2.3 Bringing interactive examples to MDN.............................5 1.3 Documentation news 2017........................................5 1.3.1 Autodoc-style extraction into Sphinx for your JS project...................5 1.4 Documentation news 2016........................................5 1.4.1 La documentation linux utilise sphinx.............................5 2 Documentation Advices 7 2.1 You are what you document (Monday, May 5, 2014)..........................8 2.2 Rédaction technique...........................................8 2.2.1 Libérez vos informations de leurs silos.............................8 2.2.2 Intégrer la documentation aux processus de développement..................8 2.3 13 Things People Hate about Your Open Source Docs.........................9 2.4 Beautiful docs.............................................. 10 2.5 Designing Great API Docs (11 Jan 2012)................................ 10 2.6 Docness................................................. -
Browser Wars
Uppsala universitet Inst. för informationsvetenskap Browser Wars Kampen om webbläsarmarknaden Andreas Högström, Emil Pettersson Kurs: Examensarbete Nivå: C Termin: VT-10 Datum: 2010-06-07 Handledare: Anneli Edman "Anyone who slaps a 'this page is best viewed with Browser X' label on a Web page appears to be yearning for the bad old days, before the Web, when you had very little chance of read- ing a document written on another computer, another word processor, or another network" - Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, grundare av World Wide Web Consortium, Technology Review juli 1996 Innehållsförteckning Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Sammanfattning ......................................................................................................................... 2 1 Inledning .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Bakgrund .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Syfte ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Frågeställningar .................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Avgränsningar ..................................................................................................................... -
Open Source and Sustainability: the Role of University
OPEN SOURCE AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY Dr. Giorgio F. SIGNORINI, PhD Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze via della Lastruccia, 3 I-50019 Sesto F. (Firenze), Italy giorgio.signorini@unifi.it Abstract One important goal in sustainability is making technologies available to the maximum possible number of individuals, and especially to those living in less developed areas (Goal 9 of SDG). However, the diffusion of technical knowledge is hindered by a number of factors, among which the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) system plays a primary role. While opinions about the real effect of IPRs in stimulating and disseminating innovation differ, there is a growing number of authors arguing that a different approach may be more effective in promoting global development. The success of the Open Source (OS) model in the field of software has led analysts to speculate whether this paradigm can be extended to other fields. Key to this model are both free access to knowledge and the right to use other people’s results. After reviewing the main features of the OS model, we explore different areas where it can be profitably applied, such as hardware design and production; we then discuss how academical institutions can (and should) help diffusing the OS philosophy and practice. Widespread use of OS software, fostering of research projects aimed to use and develop OS software and hardware, the use of open education tools, and a strong commitment to open access publishing are some of the discussed examples. Keywords Sustainable Development, University, Open Source, Open Education, Open Access 1 Introduction What is sustainability about? According to the widely accepted definition of the Brundtland Report (Brundtland 1987), human development is sustainable when it can satisfy the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. -
MARTIN KEAN Open Source Publishing, 'Book Sprints' And
MARTIN KEAN Open source publishing, ‘book sprints’ and possible futures ABSTRACT A number of open source publishing networks and communities facilitate the use of helpful tools for free publishing and collaborative writing that can be adopted or adapted for various uses. One group that has consciously tried to take into account all of the processes necessary to solve problems is FLOSS Manuals. The ecologies of many groups and networks tend to fetishise the digital and neglect other possible solutions. This article examines the many tools available or in development that value print formats and community-sustaining tools and methods, both online and physical. Living in Dunedin, a small city with strong community networks, I work collaboratively with artists, educators and designers, businesses and institutions as a supporter of node gateways to new media open methods, resources and tools. This practice extends to national and international networks, including the non-profit group FLOSS Manuals and its agile book creation process. I came to work with FLOSS Manuals through my involvement within a tiny, inwardly focussed Dunedin subcultural community, and the handful of individuals, who travelled far and cross-pollinated with similar communities in Europe and further. FREE SOFTWARE AND OPEN SOURCE PUBLISHING From the early 1980s open source software was typified by the development and distribution of Richard Stallman’s GNU compiler, the best on Unix systems at the time. However, there were often more software developers willing to volunteer their time than there were technical writers and so there was little or no supportive documentation. It was not until Adam Hyde’s 2006 development of FLOSS Manuals that readily accessible and readable documentation became available1. -
Kde-Guide-De-Developpement.Web.Pdf
KDE Published : 2017-06-26 License : GPLv2+ 1 KDE DU POINT DE VUE D'UN DÉVELOPPEUR 1. AVEZ-VOUS BESOIN DE CE LIVRE ? 2. LA PHILOSOPHIE DE KDE 3. COMMENT OBTENIR DE L'AIDE 2 1. AVEZ-VOUS BESOIN DE CE LIVRE ? Vous devriez lire ce livre si vous voulez développer pour KDE. Nous utilisons le terme développement très largement pour couvrir tout ce qui peut conduire à un changement dans le code source, ce qui inclut : Soumettre une correction de bogue Écrire une nouvelle application optimisée par la technologie KDE Contribuer à un projet existant Ajouter de la fonctionnalité aux bibliothèques de développement de KDE Dans ce livre, nous vous livrerons les bases dont vous avez besoin pour être un développeur productif. Nous décrirons les outils que vous devrez installer, montrer comment lire la documentation (et écrire la vôtre propre, une fois que vous aurez créé la nouvelle fonctionnalité !) et comment obtenir de l'aide par d'autres moyens. Nous vous présenterons la communauté KDE, qui est essentielle pour comprendre KDE parce que nous sommes un projet « open source », libre (gratuit). Les utilisateurs finaux du logiciel n'ont PAS besoin de ce livre ! Cependant, ils pourraient le trouver intéressant pour les aider à comprendre comment les logiciels complexes et riches en fonctionnalités qu'ils utilisent ont vu le jour. 3 2. LA PHILOSOPHIE DE KDE Le succès de KDE repose sur une vue globale, que nous avons trouvée à la fois pratique et motivante. Les éléments de cette philosophie de développement comprennent : L'utilisation des outils disponibles plutôt que de ré-inventer ceux existants : beaucoup des bases dont vous avez besoin pour travailler font déjà partie de KDE, comme les bibliothèques principales ou les « Kparts », et sont tout à fait au point. -
(OER) Movement
MiT8 public media, private media May 3-5, 2013 at MIT, Cambridge, MA Theo Hug <[email protected]> (University of Innsbruck) Education for All Revisited: On Concepts of Sharing in the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement DRAFT VERSION Abstract1 Relationships between the private and public sphere in education have been discussed repeatedly and in various ways. However, the role of media and media dynamics is widely underestimated in this context. Only recently, after the digital turn, has the focus of the debates changed. In the past few years, manifold initiatives aiming at opening up education on various levels using digital communications technologies and Creative Commons licenses. Additionally, massive open online courses (moocs) have been developed. Today, OER (Open Educational Resources) is used widely as an umbrella term for free content creation initiatives: OER Commons (http://www.oercommons.org/), Open Courseware (OCW), OER repositories, OCW search facilities, University OCW initiatives, and related activities. Shared resource sites such as Connexions (http://cnx.org), WikiEducator (http://wikieducator.org), and Curriki (www.curriki.org) have an increasing number of visitors and contributors. On one hand, the motif of ‘education for all’ is once again appearing in related debates and practices. On the other hand, notions of sharing play a crucial role in open content and open education strategies. This paper has a threefold purpose: it starts with an outline of selected understandings of sharing in educational contexts; it then addresses their relevance for OER development through examining contrasting and relational conceptual dimensions. Furthermore, the contribution aims to take forms of sharing as media forms and to distinguish between stronger and weaker forms of sharing. -
Customizing Debian Benjamin Mako Hill
Customizing Debian “Fork Yours with Debian GNU/Linux” Benjamin Mako Hill [email protected] http://mako.yukidoke.org Ubuntu Debian Project Software in the Public Interest Benjamin Mako Hill LCA - Debian MiniConf4 http://mako.yukidoke.org The World of Debian Customizers There are 115 distributions derived from Debian. AbulÉdu • Adamantix • AGNULA GNU/Linux Audio Distribution • ANTEMIUM Linux • Arabbix • ARMA aka Omoikane GNU/Linux • ASLinux • Auditor Security Linux • Augustux • B2D Linux • BEERnix • Biadix • BIG LINUX • Bioknoppix • BlackRhino • Bluewall GNU/Linux • Bonzai Linux • BrlSpeak • Càtix • CensorNet • Clusterix • ClusterKNOPPIX • Condorux • Damn Small Linux • Danix • DebXPde • eduKnoppix • ERPOSS • ESware • Euronode • FAMELIX • Feather Linux • Flonix • Vital Data Forensic or Rescue Kit (FoRK) • Freeduc-cd • GEOLivre Linux • Gibraltar Firewall • GNIX-Vivo • Gnoppix Linux • gnuLinEx • GNU/Linux Kinneret • GNUstep Live CD • grml • Guadalinex • Helix • Hiweed Linux • Impi Linux • Julex • K-DEMar • Kaella • Knoppix Linux Azur • Kalango Linux • KANOTIX • KlusTriX • knopILS • Knoppel • Knoppix • Knoppix 64 • Knoppix STD • KnoppiXMAME • KnoppMyth • Kurumin Linux • LAMPPIX • Libranet GNU/Linux • LIIS Linux • LinEspa • Linspire • Linux Live Game Project • Linux Loco • LinuxDefender Live! CD • Linuxin • LiVux • Local Area Security Linux (L.A.S.) • Luinux • Luit Linux • MAX: Madrid_Linux • Mediainlinux • MEPIS Linux • Metadistro-Pequelin • MIKO GNYO/Linux • Morphix • Munjoy Linux • Nature's Linux • NordisKnoppix • OGo Knoppix • Oralux • Overclockix -
Offenheit Und Teilen in Der Open Educational Resources (OER) Bewegung
Bildung für alle – eine Neuauflage? Offenheit und Teilen in der Open Educational Resources (OER) Bewegung Theo Hug Zusammenfassung Fragen nach der Bedeutung privater und öffentlicher Dimensionen in Bil- dungsprozessen und Forderungen nach Bildung für alle werden in der Pädago- gik seit Jahrhunderten diskutiert. Die Rolle von Medien und Mediendynami- ken wurde dabei weithin unterschätzt. In den letzten Jahren wurden allerdings vielfältige Initiativen entwickelt mit dem Ziel der Öffnung von Bildung mit- tels digitaler Kommunikationstechnologien und Creative Commons-Lizenzen sowie massive open online courses (moocs). Heute findet die Bezeichnung Open Educational Resources (OER) breite Verwendung als Überbegriff für Initiativen zur Schaffung von frei verfügbaren Inhalten, OER Commons, Open Courseware (OCW), OER-Archiven, OCW-Suchhilfen sowie universitären OCW-Initiativen und ähnlichen Aktivitäten. Auf der einen Seite werden in den einschlägigen Debatten und Praktiken alte Motive der Bildung für alle wieder aufgegriffen. Auf der anderen Seite spielen spezifische Auffassungen der gemeinsamen Nutzung eine zentrale Rolle bei Strategien bezüglich frei zugänglicher Inhalte und offener Bildungsmedien. Der Beitrag beginnt (1) mit einem Abriss über ausgewählte Auffassungen von Offenheit und Teilen in bildungsbezogenen Zusammenhängen, gefolgt (2) von einer Erörterung ihrer Relevanz für OER-Entwicklungen mittels der Gegenüberstellung und Relati- onierung von konzeptuellen Dimensionen. Abschließend (3) zielt der Beitrag auf eine Interpretation der Formen -
Airtime 2 for Broadcasters
Airtime 2 for Broadcasters The open radio software for scheduling and remote station management USER GUIDE AIRTIME 2 FOR BROADCASTERS Updated for Airtime 2.1.3 AIRTIME 2 FOR BROADCASTERS THE OPEN RADIO SOFTWARE FOR SCHEDULING AND REMOTE STATION MANAGEMENT PUBLISHED: July 2012 Updated for Airtime 2.1.3 This documentation is free documentation. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this documentation; if not, write to: Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Suite 500 Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. This manual has been edited and reworked by Daniel James, based on a collaborative effort at FLOSS Manuals. Thanks to all contributors! LEAD EDITOR: Daniel James COVER DESIGN: Till Sperrle, ITF Grafikdesign DOCUMENT CREATION: FLOSS Manuals ISBN: 978-3-9814137-4-8 AIRTIME IS DEVELOPED AND MAINTAINED BY SOURCEFABRIC. COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS CAN BE SENT TO: Sourcefabric o.p.s. -
Annual Report
[Credits] Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY 4.0). All text by John Hsieh and Georgia Young, except the Letter from the Executive Director, which is by John Sullivan. Images (name, license, and page location): Wouter Velhelst: cover image; Kori Feener, CC BY-SA 4.0: inside front cover, 2-4, 8, 14-15, 20-21, 23-25, 27-29, 32-33, 36, 40-41; Michele Kowal: 5; Anonymous, CC BY 3.0: 7, 16, 17; Ruben Rodriguez, CC BY-SA 4.0: 10, 13, 34-35; Anonymous, All rights reserved: 16 (top left); Pablo Marinero & Cecilia e. Camero, CC BY 3.0: 17; Free This report highlights activities Software Foundation, CC BY-SA 4.0: 18-19; Tracey Hughes, CC BY-SA 4.0: 30; Jose Cleto Hernandez Munoz, CC BY-SA 3.0: 31, Pixabay/stevepb, CC0: 37. and detailed financials for Fiscal Year 2016 Fonts: Letter Gothic by Roger Roberson; Orator by John Scheppler; Oswald by (October 1, 2015 - September 30, 2016) Vernon Adams, under the OFL; Seravek by Eric Olson; Jura by Daniel Johnson. Created using Inkscape, GIMP, and PDFsam. Designer: Tammy from Creative Joe. 1] LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 2] OUR MISSION 3] TECH 4] CAMPAIGNS 5] LIBREPLANET 2016 6] LICENSING & COMPLIANCE 7] CONFERENCES & EVENTS 7 8] LEADERSHIP & STAFF [CONTENTS] 9] FINANCIALS 9 10] OUR DONORS CONTENTS our most important [1] measure of success is support for the ideals of LETTER FROM free software... THE EXECUTIVE we have momentum DIRECTOR on our side. LETTER FROM THE 2016 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR DEAR SUPPORTERS For almost 32 years, the FSF has inspired people around the Charity Navigator gave the FSF its highest rating — four stars — world to be passionate about computer user freedom as an ethical with an overall score of 99.57/100 and a perfect 100 in the issue, and provided vital tools to make the world a better place. -
Praise for the Official Ubuntu Book
Praise for The Official Ubuntu Book “The Official Ubuntu Book is a great way to get you started with Ubuntu, giving you enough information to be productive without overloading you.” —John Stevenson, DZone Book Reviewer “OUB is one of the best books I’ve seen for beginners.” —Bill Blinn, TechByter Worldwide “This book is the perfect companion for users new to Linux and Ubuntu. It covers the basics in a concise and well-organized manner. General use is covered separately from troubleshooting and error-handling, making the book well-suited both for the beginner as well as the user that needs extended help.” —Thomas Petrucha, Austria Ubuntu User Group “I have recommended this book to several users who I instruct regularly on the use of Ubuntu. All of them have been satisfied with their purchase and have even been able to use it to help them in their journey along the way.” —Chris Crisafulli, Ubuntu LoCo Council, Florida Local Community Team “This text demystifies a very powerful Linux operating system . in just a few weeks of having it, I’ve used it as a quick reference a half dozen times, which saved me the time I would have spent scouring the Ubuntu forums online.” —Darren Frey, Member, Houston Local User Group This page intentionally left blank The Official Ubuntu Book Sixth Edition This page intentionally left blank The Official Ubuntu Book Sixth Edition Benjamin Mako Hill Matthew Helmke Amber Graner Corey Burger With Jonathan Jesse, Kyle Rankin, and Jono Bacon Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.