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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: the Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril Michael Matheny, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Mahnoor Ahmed, and Danielle Whicher, Editors WASHINGTON, DC NAM.EDU PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE • 500 Fifth Street, NW • WASHINGTON, DC 20001 NOTICE: This publication has undergone peer review according to procedures established by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Publication by the NAM worthy of public attention, but does not constitute endorsement of conclusions and recommendationssignifies that it is the by productthe NAM. of The a carefully views presented considered in processthis publication and is a contributionare those of individual contributors and do not represent formal consensus positions of the authors’ organizations; the NAM; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data to Come Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: Matheny, M., S. Thadaney Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, Editors. 2019. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril. NAM Special Publication. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine. PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs “Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” --GOETHE PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs ABOUT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE The National Academy of Medicine is one of three Academies constituting the Nation- al Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The Na- tional Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. -
Revealing the Immune Perturbation of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials to Macrophages by Understanding the Protein Corona
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04873-7 OPEN Revealing the immune perturbation of black phosphorus nanomaterials to macrophages by understanding the protein corona Jianbin Mo 1,2, Qingyun Xie3, Wei Wei 1,2 & Jing Zhao 1 The increasing number of biological applications for black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials has precipitated considerable concern about their interactions with physiological systems. 1234567890():,; Here we demonstrate the adsorption of plasma protein onto BP nanomaterials and the subsequent immune perturbation effect on macrophages. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, 75.8% of the proteins bound to BP quantum dots were immune relevant proteins, while that percentage for BP nanosheet–corona complexes is 69.9%. In particular, the protein corona dramatically reshapes BP nanomaterial–corona complexes, influenced cellular uptake, activated the NF-κB pathway and even increased cytokine secretion by 2–4-fold. BP nanomaterials induce immunotoxicity and immune per- turbation in macrophages in the presence of a plasma corona. These findings offer important insights into the development of safe and effective BP nanomaterial-based therapies. 1 State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. 2 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. 3 Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu -
Journal Issue 26 | October 2019
journal Issue 26 | October 2019 Communicating Astronomy with the Public Spotlighting a Black Hole What did it take to create the largest outreach campaign for an astronomical result? Tactile Subaru A project to make telescope technology accessible Naming ExoWorlds Update on the IAU100 NameExoWorlds campaign www.capjournal.org As part of the 100th anniversary commemorations, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) is organising the IAU100 NameExoWorlds global competition to allow any country in the world to give a popular name to a selected exoplanet and its News News host star. The final results of the competion will be announced in Decmeber 2019. Credit: IAU/L. Calçada. Editorial Welcome to the 26th edition of the CAPjournal! To start off, the first part of 2019 brought in a radical new era in astronomy with the first ever image showing a shadow of a black hole. For CAPjournal #26, part of the team who collaborated on the promotion of this image hs written a piece to show what it took to produce one of the largest astronomy outreach campaigns to date. We also highlight two other large outreach campaigns in this edition. The first is a peer-reviewed article about the 2016 solar eclipse in Indonesia from the founder of the astronomy website lagiselatan, Avivah Yamani. Next, an update on NameExoWorlds, the largest IAU100 campaign, as we wait for the announcement of new names for the ExoWorlds in December. Additionally, this issue touches on opportunities for more inclusive astronomy. We bring you a peer-reviewed article about outreach for inclusion by Dr. Kumiko Usuda-Sato and the speech “Diversity Across Astronomy Can Further Our Research” delivered by award-winning astronomy communicator Dr. -
Patrick Thaddeus
PUBLISHED: 19 JUNE 2017 | VOLUME: 1 | ARTICLE NUMBER: 0170 obituary Patrick Thaddeus A pioneer in the field of astrochemistry, Patrick Thaddeus discovered dozens of exotic molecules in space and helped revolutionize our view of the interstellar medium and star formation. atrick Thaddeus did more than anyone telescope operating from a rooftop just a else to demonstrate, as he was fond few hundred yards from Broadway. After Pof saying, that chemistry was not a over two decades of steady mapping with provincial subject that stopped five miles this instrument and a near-duplicate one above our heads. As a pioneer in the field that they installed in Chile in 1982, Pat and of astrochemistry, his elegant laboratory his students obtained what is still today work provided ironclad identifications the most extensive and widely used survey of hundreds of new molecules of of the molecular Milky Way. More than astronomical interest, and his observational 40 years later, both telescopes continue to programme discovered about one-sixth yield important scientific results, including of the ~200 molecules known to exist in the discovery over the past decade of two space. His early recognition that carbon THOMAS DAME new spiral arm features of the Galaxy. monoxide would be an excellent tracer of A total of 24 PhD dissertations have the cold dense regions of space led directly been written based on observations or to the discovery of giant molecular clouds instrumental work with the two telescopes. and a revolution in our understanding of In 1986, Pat, along with several the interstellar medium and star formation. -
List Stranica 1 Od
list product_i ISSN Primary Scheduled Vol Single Issues Title Format ISSN print Imprint Vols Qty Open Access Option Comment d electronic Language Nos per volume Available in electronic format 3 Biotech E OA C 13205 2190-5738 Springer English 1 7 3 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. Available in electronic format 3D Printing in Medicine E OA C 41205 2365-6271 Springer English 1 3 1 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. 3D Display Research Center, Available in electronic format 3D Research E C 13319 2092-6731 English 1 8 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) co-published only. with Springer New Start, content expected in 3D-Printed Materials and Systems E OA C 40861 2363-8389 Springer English 1 2 1 Fully Open Access 2016. Available in electronic format only. Open Access. 4OR PE OF 10288 1619-4500 1614-2411 Springer English 1 15 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) Available in electronic format The AAPS Journal E OF S 12248 1550-7416 Springer English 1 19 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) only. Available in electronic format AAPS Open E OA S C 41120 2364-9534 Springer English 1 3 1 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. Available in electronic format AAPS PharmSciTech E OF S 12249 1530-9932 Springer English 1 18 8 Hybrid (Open Choice) only. Abdominal Radiology PE OF S 261 2366-004X 2366-0058 Springer English 1 42 12 Hybrid (Open Choice) Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der PE OF S 12188 0025-5858 1865-8784 Springer English 1 87 2 Universität Hamburg Academic Psychiatry PE OF S 40596 1042-9670 1545-7230 Springer English 1 41 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) Academic Questions PE OF 12129 0895-4852 1936-4709 Springer English 1 30 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) Accreditation and Quality PE OF S 769 0949-1775 1432-0517 Springer English 1 22 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) Assurance MAIK Acoustical Physics PE 11441 1063-7710 1562-6865 English 1 63 6 Russian Library of Science. -
Ultra-Efficient Frequency Comb Generation in Algaas-On-Insulator
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15005-5 OPEN Ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators ✉ Lin Chang1,7, Weiqiang Xie1,7 , Haowen Shu1,2,7, Qi-Fan Yang 3, Boqiang Shen 3, Andreas Boes 1,4, Jon D. Peters1, Warren Jin1, Chao Xiang1, Songtao Liu 1, Gregory Moille5, Su-Peng Yu6, Xingjun Wang2, ✉ Kartik Srinivasan 5, Scott B. Papp 6, Kerry Vahala 3 & John E. Bowers1 Recent advances in nonlinear optics have revolutionized integrated photonics, providing on- 1234567890():,; chip solutions to a wide range of new applications. Currently, state of the art integrated nonlinear photonic devices are mainly based on dielectric material platforms, such as Si3N4 and SiO2. While semiconductor materials feature much higher nonlinear coefficients and convenience in active integration, they have suffered from high waveguide losses that prevent the realization of efficient nonlinear processes on-chip. Here, we challenge this status quo and demonstrate a low loss AlGaAs-on-insulator platform with anomalous dispersion and quality (Q) factors beyond 1.5 × 106. Such a high quality factor, combined with high nonlinear coefficient and small mode volume, enabled us to demonstrate a Kerr frequency comb threshold of only ∼36 µW in a resonator with a 1 THz free spectral range, ∼100 times lower compared to that in previous semiconductor platforms. Moreover, combs with broad spans (>250 nm) have been generated with a pump power of ∼300 µW, which is lower than the threshold power of state-of the-art dielectric micro combs. A soliton-step transition has also been observed for the first time in an AlGaAs resonator. -
Inventory of CO2 Available for Terraforming Mars
PERSPECTIVE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0529-6 Inventory of CO2 available for terraforming Mars Bruce M. Jakosky 1,2* and Christopher S. Edwards3 We revisit the idea of ‘terraforming’ Mars — changing its environment to be more Earth-like in a way that would allow terres- trial life (possibly including humans) to survive without the need for life-support systems — in the context of what we know about Mars today. We want to answer the question of whether it is possible to mobilize gases present on Mars today in non- atmospheric reservoirs by emplacing them into the atmosphere, and increase the pressure and temperature so that plants or humans could survive at the surface. We ask whether this can be achieved considering realistic estimates of available volatiles, without the use of new technology that is well beyond today’s capability. Recent observations have been made of the loss of Mars’s atmosphere to space by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission probe and the Mars Express space- craft, along with analyses of the abundance of carbon-bearing minerals and the occurrence of CO2 in polar ice from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Mars Odyssey spacecraft. These results suggest that there is not enough CO2 remaining on Mars to provide significant greenhouse warming were the gas to be emplaced into the atmosphere; in addition, most of the CO2 gas in these reservoirs is not accessible and thus cannot be readily mobilized. As a result, we conclude that terraforming Mars is not possible using present-day technology. he concept of terraforming Mars has been a mainstay of sci- Could the remaining planetary inventories of CO2 be mobi- ence fiction for a long time, but it also has been discussed from lized and emplaced into the atmosphere via current or plausible 1 a scientific perspective, initially by Sagan and more recently near-future technologies? Would the amount of CO2 that could T 2 by, for example, McKay et al. -
THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT the USAGE of SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White Paper
springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jean-Claude Bradley Open Research THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT THE USAGE OF SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: 2 The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com Contents Authors Foreword . 3 Christina Emery, Mithu Lucraft, Executive summary . 4 Agata Morka, Ros Pyne Introduction . 5 November 2017 Part 1: Quantitative findings . 6 Summary . 6 Downloads . 7 Citations and mentions . 11 Part 2: Qualitative findings . 13 Summary . 13 Reasons for publishing open access . 14 Experience of publishing open access . 15 The future of open access . 16 Discussion . 18 Conclusion and recommendations . 20 Acknowledgements . 22 Contacts . 23 About Springer Nature and OA books . 24 Appendices . 26 Appendix 1: Definitions and limitations . 26 Appendix 2: Methodology . 27 Appendix 3: Top 10 downloaded books . 29 Appendix 4: Interviewed authors and funders . 30 Appendix 5: Author questionnaire . 32 Appendix 6: Funder questionnaire . 33 Appendix 7: References . 34 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0) The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com 3 Foreword Springer Nature was created in 2015, but from our earliest days as Springer, Palgrave Macmillan and Nature, we have been publishing monographs and long-form research for some 175 years. The changing environment for book publishing has created both opportunities and challenges for researchers and their funders, for publishers, and for the wider community of readers and educators. As a publisher, we have championed new models of scholarship, introducing ebooks in 2006, and our first open access (OA) book in 2011. -
Core Competencies for Scientific Editors Of
Moher et al. BMC Medicine (2017) 15:167 DOI 10.1186/s12916-017-0927-0 CORRESPONDENCE Open Access Core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals: consensus statement David Moher1,2* , James Galipeau3, Sabina Alam4, Virginia Barbour5, Kidist Bartolomeos6, Patricia Baskin7,8, Sally Bell-Syer9,10, Kelly D. Cobey1,2,11, Leighton Chan12, Jocalyn Clark13, Jonathan Deeks14, Annette Flanagin15, Paul Garner16, Anne-Marie Glenny17, Trish Groves18, Kurinchi Gurusamy19, Farrokh Habibzadeh20,21,22, Stefanie Jewell-Thomas23, Diane Kelsall24, José Florencio Lapeña Jr22,25,26,27, Harriet MacLehose28, Ana Marusic29,30, Joanne E. McKenzie31, Jay Shah32,33,34, Larissa Shamseer1,2, Sharon Straus35, Peter Tugwell2,36,37, Elizabeth Wager38,39, Margaret Winker22 and Getu Zhaori40 Abstract Background: Scientific editors are responsible for deciding which articles to publish in their journals. However, we have not found documentation of their required knowledge, skills, and characteristics, or the existence of any formal core competencies for this role. Methods: We describe the development of a minimum set of core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals. Results: The 14 key core competencies are divided into three major areas, and each competency has a list of associated elements or descriptions of more specific knowledge, skills, and characteristics that contribute to its fulfillment. Conclusions: We believe that these core competencies are a baseline of the knowledge, skills, and characteristics needed to perform competently the duties of a scientific editor at a biomedical journal. Keywords: Core competencies, Scientific editor, Biomedical journal, Delphi, Expert consensus, Editor role Introduction and in guidance for members of editor organizations Scientific editors (editors are responsible for the content [3–8]. -
SUBMISSION from SPRINGER NATURE Making Plan S Successful
PLAN S IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE: SUBMISSION FROM SPRINGER NATURE Springer Nature welcomes the opportunity to provide feedback to the cOAlition S Implementation Guidance and contribute to the discussion on how the transition to Open Access (OA) can be accelerated. Our submission below focuses mainly on the second question posed in the consultation: Are there other mechanisms or requirements funders should consider to foster full and immediate Open Access of research outputs? Making Plan S successful: a commitment to open access Springer Nature is dedicated to accelerating the adoption of Open Access (OA) publishing and Open Research techniques. As the world’s largest OA publisher we are a committed partner for cOAlition S funders in achieving this goal which is also the primary focus of Plan S. Our recommendations below are therefore presented with the aim of achieving this goal. As a first mover, we know the (multiple) challenges that need to be overcome: funding flows that need to change, a lack of cooperation in funder policies, a lack of global coordination, the need for a cultural change in researcher assessment and metrics in research, academic disciplines that lack OA resources, geographic differences in levels of research output making global “Publish and Read” deals difficult and, critically, an author community that does not yet view publishing OA as a priority. While this uncertainty remains, we need the benefits of OA to be better described and promoted as well as support for the ways that enable us and other publishers to cope with the rapidly increasing demand. We therefore propose cOAlition S adopt the following six recommendations which we believe are necessary to deliver Plan S’s primary goal of accelerating the take-up of OA globally while minimising costs to funders and other stakeholders: 1. -
SPRINGER NATURE Products, Services & Solutions 2 Springer Nature Products, Services & Solutions Springernature.Com
springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Marie Curie SPRINGER NATURE Products, Services & Solutions 2 Springer Nature Products, Services & Solutions springernature.com About Springer Nature Springer Nature advances discovery by publishing robust and insightful research, supporting the development of new areas of knowledge, making ideas and information accessible around the world, and leading the way on open access. Our journals, eBooks, databases and solutions make sure that researchers, students, teachers and professionals have access to important research. Springer Established in 1842, Springer is a leading global scientific, technical, medical, humanities and social sciences publisher. Providing researchers with quality content via innovattive products and services, Springer has one of the most significant science eBooks and archives collections, as well as a comprehensive range of hybrid and open access journals. Nature Research Publishing some of the most significant discoveries since 1869. Nature Research publishes the world’s leading weekly science journal, Nature, in addition to Nature- branded research and review subscription journals. The portfolio also includes Nature Communications, the leading open access journal across all sciences, plus a variety of Nature Partner Journals, developed with institutions and societies. Academic journals on nature.com Prestigious titles in the clinical, life and physical sciences for communities and established medical and scientific societies, many of which are published in partnership a society. Adis A leading international publisher of drug-focused content and solutions. Adis supports work in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry, medical research, practice and teaching, drug regulation and reimbursement as well as related finance and consulting markets. Apress A technical publisher of high-quality, practical content including over 3000 titles for IT professionals, software developers, programmers and business leaders around the world. -
THE FUTURE of OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS from a GLOBAL SURVEY of ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS Ros Pyne Springer Nature
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc. Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 6-2019 THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS Ros Pyne Springer Nature Christina Emery Springer Nature Mithu Lucraft Springer Nature Anna Sophia Pinck Springer Nature Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, Scholarly Communication Commons, and the Scholarly Publishing Commons Pyne, Ros; Emery, Christina; Lucraft, Mithu; and Pinck, Anna Sophia, "THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS" (2019). Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.. 113. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom/113 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc. by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jokichi Takamine Open Research THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: Contents Foreword ...........................................................1 Authors Ros Pyne Executive summary ...................................................2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310- Introduction .........................................................5 3153 Survey findings .......................................................7 Christina Emery 1. Book authors’ motivations and priorities ..............................7 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903- 1.1 Motivations for publishing books .................................7 6724 1.2 Print ........................................................10 Mithu Lucraft 2. Attitudes to OA books .