Inventory of CO2 Available for Terraforming Mars
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Journal Issue 26 | October 2019
journal Issue 26 | October 2019 Communicating Astronomy with the Public Spotlighting a Black Hole What did it take to create the largest outreach campaign for an astronomical result? Tactile Subaru A project to make telescope technology accessible Naming ExoWorlds Update on the IAU100 NameExoWorlds campaign www.capjournal.org As part of the 100th anniversary commemorations, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) is organising the IAU100 NameExoWorlds global competition to allow any country in the world to give a popular name to a selected exoplanet and its News News host star. The final results of the competion will be announced in Decmeber 2019. Credit: IAU/L. Calçada. Editorial Welcome to the 26th edition of the CAPjournal! To start off, the first part of 2019 brought in a radical new era in astronomy with the first ever image showing a shadow of a black hole. For CAPjournal #26, part of the team who collaborated on the promotion of this image hs written a piece to show what it took to produce one of the largest astronomy outreach campaigns to date. We also highlight two other large outreach campaigns in this edition. The first is a peer-reviewed article about the 2016 solar eclipse in Indonesia from the founder of the astronomy website lagiselatan, Avivah Yamani. Next, an update on NameExoWorlds, the largest IAU100 campaign, as we wait for the announcement of new names for the ExoWorlds in December. Additionally, this issue touches on opportunities for more inclusive astronomy. We bring you a peer-reviewed article about outreach for inclusion by Dr. Kumiko Usuda-Sato and the speech “Diversity Across Astronomy Can Further Our Research” delivered by award-winning astronomy communicator Dr. -
Mars 2020 Radiological Contingency Planning
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars 2020 Radiological Contingency Planning NASA plans to launch the Mars 2020 rover, produce the rover’s onboard power and to Perseverance, in summer 2020 on a mission warm its internal systems during the frigid to seek signs of habitable conditions in Mars’ Martian night. ancient past and search for signs of past microbial life. The mission will lift off from Cape NASA prepares contingency response plans Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida aboard a for every launch that it conducts. Ensuring the United Launch Alliance Atlas V launch vehicle safety of launch-site workers and the public in between mid-July and August 2020. the communities surrounding the launch area is the primary consideration in this planning. The Mars 2020 rover design is based on NASA’s Curiosity rover, which landed on Mars in 2012 This contingency planning task takes on an and greatly increased our knowledge of the added dimension when the payload being Red Planet. The Mars 2020 rover is equipped launched into space contains nuclear material. to study its landing site in detail and collect and The primary goal of radiological contingency store the most promising samples of rock and planning is to enable an efficient response in soil on the surface of Mars. the event of an accident. This planning is based on the fundamental principles of advance The system that provides electrical power for preparation (including rehearsals of simulated Mars 2020 and its scientific equipment is the launch accident responses), the timely availability same as for the Curiosity rover: a Multi- of technically accurate and reliable information, Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator and prompt external communication with the (MMRTG). -
The Ethics of Terraforming and Areoforming in an Age of Climate Change
Engineering Planets, Engineering Ourselves: The Ethics of Terraforming and Areoforming in an Age of Climate Change Patrick D. Murphy (University of Central Florida)1 Abstract The concept of terraforming, the engineered transformation of alien planets into habitats suitable for human settlement, has taken on new meaning in science fiction and contemporary culture as climate change has indicated that human beings are currently transforming this planet but without a clear plan for sustaining inhabitability. Literary depictions by Kim Stanley Robinson of both climate change and terraforming raise ethical questions about the engineering of this and other planets, while the science fiction novels of Joan Slonczewski raise ethical questions about engineering human beings to adapt to alien environments. Together, they provide ways of thinking about the intertwined ethical questions of engineering the biosphere and engineering the species in the context of human and environmental sustainability. In particular, some works, such as the novels of Karen Traviss, raise the issue of how much the human species might have to engineer itself to pay the price of its unplanned engineering of planet Earth. Nearly twenty years ago Bill McKibben claimed that "we are at the end of nature" (8). In support of this seemingly hyperbolic statement, he referred to a 1957 scientific paper which claimed that "Human beings are now carrying out a large scale geophysical experiment" (qtd. in McKibben 10), by pumping rapidly increasing amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 1 Patrick Murphy, Department of English, University of Central Florida, Building: CNH301 P.O. Box 161346 Orlando, FL 32816-1346 [email protected] 54 Many people, myself included, thought McKibben had gone over the top. -
The War of the Worlds Postcolonialism, Americanism, and Terrorism in Modern Science Fiction Film
Durkstra 4167430 | 1 The War of the Worlds Postcolonialism, Americanism, and Terrorism in Modern Science Fiction Film Sytse Durkstra English Language and Culture Supervisor | Chris Louttit Sytse Durkstra | s4167430 | Email [email protected] Durkstra 4167430 | 2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND CULTURE Teacher who will receive this document: Chris Louttit Title of document: The War of the Worlds: Postcolonialism, Americanism, and Terrorism in Modern Science Fiction Film Name of course: BA Thesis English Language and Culture Date of submission: 15 June 2015 The work submitted here is the sole responsibility of the undersigned, who has neither committed plagiarism nor colluded in its production. Signed Name of student: Sytse Durkstra Student number: 4167430 Durkstra 4167430 | 3 And this Thing I saw! How can I describe it? A monstrous tripod, higher than many houses, striding over the young pine trees, and smashing them aside in its career; a walking engine of glittering metal, reeling now across the heather, articulate ropes of steel dangling from it, and the clattering tumult of its passage mingling with the riot of the thunder. A flash, and it came out vividly, heeling over one way with two feet in the air, to vanish and reappear almost instantly, as it seemed with the next flash, a hundred yards nearer. - H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds But who shall dwell in these worlds if they be inhabited? . Are we or they Lords of the World? . And how are all things made for man? - Kepler In our obsession with antagonisms of the moment, we often forget how much unites all the members of humanity. -
The Past Decade and the Future of Cosmology and Astrophysics
Towards a New Enlightenment? A Transcendent Decade The Past Decade and the Future of Cosmology and Astrophysics Martin Rees Martin Rees is a cosmologist and space scientist. After studying at Cambridge University, he held various posts in the UK and elsewhere, before returning to Cambridge, where he has been a professor, Head of the Institute of Astronomy, and Master of Trinity College. He has contributed to our understanding of galaxy formation, black holes, high-energy phenomena in the cosmos, and the concept of the multiverse. He has received substantial international recognition for his research. He has been much involved in science-related policy, being a member of the UK’s House of Lords and (during 2005–10) President of the Royal Society, the independent scientific academy of the UK Martin Rees and the Commonwealth. Apart from his research publications, he writes and University of Cambridge lectures widely for general audiences, and is the author of eight books, the most recent being On the Future (2018). Recommended books: Universe, Martin Rees, Dorling Kindersley, 2012; On the Future, Martin Rees, Princeton University Press, 2018. In the last decade, there has been dramatic progress in exploring the cosmos. Highlights include close-up studies of the planets and moons of our Solar System; and (even more dramatic) the realization that most stars are orbited by planets, and that there may be millions of Earth-like planets in our Galaxy. On a still larger scale, we have achieved a better understanding of how galaxies have developed, over 13.8 billion years of cosmic history, from primordial fluctuations. -
Patrick Thaddeus
PUBLISHED: 19 JUNE 2017 | VOLUME: 1 | ARTICLE NUMBER: 0170 obituary Patrick Thaddeus A pioneer in the field of astrochemistry, Patrick Thaddeus discovered dozens of exotic molecules in space and helped revolutionize our view of the interstellar medium and star formation. atrick Thaddeus did more than anyone telescope operating from a rooftop just a else to demonstrate, as he was fond few hundred yards from Broadway. After Pof saying, that chemistry was not a over two decades of steady mapping with provincial subject that stopped five miles this instrument and a near-duplicate one above our heads. As a pioneer in the field that they installed in Chile in 1982, Pat and of astrochemistry, his elegant laboratory his students obtained what is still today work provided ironclad identifications the most extensive and widely used survey of hundreds of new molecules of of the molecular Milky Way. More than astronomical interest, and his observational 40 years later, both telescopes continue to programme discovered about one-sixth yield important scientific results, including of the ~200 molecules known to exist in the discovery over the past decade of two space. His early recognition that carbon THOMAS DAME new spiral arm features of the Galaxy. monoxide would be an excellent tracer of A total of 24 PhD dissertations have the cold dense regions of space led directly been written based on observations or to the discovery of giant molecular clouds instrumental work with the two telescopes. and a revolution in our understanding of In 1986, Pat, along with several the interstellar medium and star formation. -
MARS 2020, CANDIDATES LANDING SITES, EXOMARS and THEIR RELATIONSHIP to MARS SAMPLE RETURN 10:25 A.M
2nd International Mars Sample Return 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2071) sess303.pdf Thursday, April 26, 2018 MARS 2020, CANDIDATES LANDING SITES, EXOMARS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO MARS SAMPLE RETURN 10:25 a.m. Forum This session will present a status report on the Mars 2020 sample-caching rover, its candidate landing sites, the Exomars rover mission, and the relationship of all of these to Mars Sample Return. Chairs: Victoria Hipkin (Canadian Space Agency, Canada) Briony Horgan (Purdue University, USA) 10:25 a.m. Williford K. * *Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA The NASA Mars 2020 Rover Mission The NASA Mars 2020 rover mission will explore an astrobiologically relevant site to characterize its geology, evaluate past habitability, seek signs of ancient life, and assemble a returnable cache of samples. An overview of technical capabilities and scientific strategy in development will be presented with a focus on the role envisioned for Mars 2020 in a possible Mars sample return campaign. 10:45 a.m. Schulte M. * Meyer M. Grant J. Golombek M. *NASA Headquarters, USA The Mars 2020 Rover Mission Landing Site Candidates [#6026] The number of suitable landing sites for the Mars 2020 rover mission has been narrowed to three leading candidates: Jezero Crater, NE Syrtis, and Columbia Hills. Each offers geologic settings with the potential for preservation of biosignatures. 11:00 a.m. Vago J. L. * Svedhem H. Sefton-Nash E. Kminek G. Ruesch O. Haldemann A. F. C. Rodionov D. ExoMars Science Working Team *European Space Agency ExoMars Contributions to Mars Sample Return [#6021] Each of the two ExoMars missions has the potential to make discoveries that could inform and perhaps influence our collective strategy for a future Mars Sample Return mission. -
List Stranica 1 Od
list product_i ISSN Primary Scheduled Vol Single Issues Title Format ISSN print Imprint Vols Qty Open Access Option Comment d electronic Language Nos per volume Available in electronic format 3 Biotech E OA C 13205 2190-5738 Springer English 1 7 3 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. Available in electronic format 3D Printing in Medicine E OA C 41205 2365-6271 Springer English 1 3 1 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. 3D Display Research Center, Available in electronic format 3D Research E C 13319 2092-6731 English 1 8 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) co-published only. with Springer New Start, content expected in 3D-Printed Materials and Systems E OA C 40861 2363-8389 Springer English 1 2 1 Fully Open Access 2016. Available in electronic format only. Open Access. 4OR PE OF 10288 1619-4500 1614-2411 Springer English 1 15 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) Available in electronic format The AAPS Journal E OF S 12248 1550-7416 Springer English 1 19 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) only. Available in electronic format AAPS Open E OA S C 41120 2364-9534 Springer English 1 3 1 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. Available in electronic format AAPS PharmSciTech E OF S 12249 1530-9932 Springer English 1 18 8 Hybrid (Open Choice) only. Abdominal Radiology PE OF S 261 2366-004X 2366-0058 Springer English 1 42 12 Hybrid (Open Choice) Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der PE OF S 12188 0025-5858 1865-8784 Springer English 1 87 2 Universität Hamburg Academic Psychiatry PE OF S 40596 1042-9670 1545-7230 Springer English 1 41 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) Academic Questions PE OF 12129 0895-4852 1936-4709 Springer English 1 30 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) Accreditation and Quality PE OF S 769 0949-1775 1432-0517 Springer English 1 22 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) Assurance MAIK Acoustical Physics PE 11441 1063-7710 1562-6865 English 1 63 6 Russian Library of Science. -
The Terraforming Timeline. A. J. Berliner1 and C. P. Mckay2
Planetary Science Vision 2050 Workshop 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1989) 8031.pdf The Terraforming Timeline. A. J. Berliner1 and C. P. McKay2, 1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, [email protected], 2Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94075. Introduction: Terraforming, the transformation of particularly the winter South Polar Cap, and any CO2 a planet so as to resemble the earth so that it can sup- that is absorbed into the cold ground in the polar re- port widespread life, has been described as a grand gions. Once the warming starts all this releasable CO2 challenge of both space sciences and synthetic biology will go into the atmosphere. Thus, it is important to [1,2]. We propose the following abstract on a Martian know the total before warming starts. Current esti- Terraforming timeline as a guide to shaping planetary mates of the releasable CO2 on Mars today range from science research over the coming century. a little more than the present thin atmosphere to values Terraforming Mars can be divided into two phases. sufficient to create a pressure on Mars equal to the sea The first phase is warming the planet from the present level pressure on Earth. Nitrogen is a fundamental re- average surface temperature of -60ºC to a value close quirement for life and necessary constituent of a to Earth’s average temperature to +15ºC, and re- breathable atmosphere. The recent discovery by the creating a thick CO2 atmosphere [3,4,5,6] This warm- Curiosity Rover of nitrate in the soil on Mars (~0.03% ing phase is relatively easy and quick, and could take by mass) is therefore encouraging for terraforming [7]. -
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Maneuver Plan for Mars 2020 Entry, Descent, and Landing Support and Beyond
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Ins5tute of Technology Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Maneuver Plan for Mars 2020 Entry, Descent, and Landing Support and Beyond Sean Wagner Premkumar Menon AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting Ka'anapali, HI January 13{17, 2019 AAS Paper 19-233 c 2019 California Institute of Technology. U.S. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Jet Propulsion Laboratory MarsCalifornia Ins5tute of Technology Reconnaissance Orbiter Project Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launched on August 12, 2005 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and arrived at Mars on March 10, 2006. After aerobraking, MRO began the Primary Science Phase (PSP) in November 2006 and continues to perform science observations at Mars. MRO Spacecraft: Spacecraft Bus: 3-axis stabilized ACS system; 3-meter diameter High Gain Antenna; hydrazine propulsion system Instrument Suite: HiRISE Camera, CRISM Imaging Spectrometer, Mars Climate Sounder, Mars Color Imager, Context Camera, Shallow Subsurface Radar, Electra Proximity Link Payload (among other instrument payloads) January 15, 2019 MRO Maneuver Plan for Mars 2020 EDL Support and Beyond SVW { 3 MRO Primary Science Orbit (PSO) The MRO PSO is designed to satisfy science and mission requirements; the spacecraft is flown in an orbit designed to optimize the science instruments performance. The MRO PSO is defined by three key characteristics: Sun-synchronous orbit ascending node at 3:00 PM ± 15 minutes Local Mean Solar Time (LMST) (daylight equatorial crossing) Periapsis -
Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy & Physics
Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy & Physics: A Topical Index Compiled by Andrew Fraknoi (U. of San Francisco, Fromm Institute) Version 7 (2019) © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. Permission to use for any non-profit educational purpose, such as distribution in a classroom, is hereby granted. For any other use, please contact the author. (e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu) This is a selective list of some short stories and novels that use reasonably accurate science and can be used for teaching or reinforcing astronomy or physics concepts. The titles of short stories are given in quotation marks; only short stories that have been published in book form or are available free on the Web are included. While one book source is given for each short story, note that some of the stories can be found in other collections as well. (See the Internet Speculative Fiction Database, cited at the end, for an easy way to find all the places a particular story has been published.) The author welcomes suggestions for additions to this list, especially if your favorite story with good science is left out. Gregory Benford Octavia Butler Geoff Landis J. Craig Wheeler TOPICS COVERED: Anti-matter Light & Radiation Solar System Archaeoastronomy Mars Space Flight Asteroids Mercury Space Travel Astronomers Meteorites Star Clusters Black Holes Moon Stars Comets Neptune Sun Cosmology Neutrinos Supernovae Dark Matter Neutron Stars Telescopes Exoplanets Physics, Particle Thermodynamics Galaxies Pluto Time Galaxy, The Quantum Mechanics Uranus Gravitational Lenses Quasars Venus Impacts Relativity, Special Interstellar Matter Saturn (and its Moons) Story Collections Jupiter (and its Moons) Science (in general) Life Elsewhere SETI Useful Websites 1 Anti-matter Davies, Paul Fireball. -
Valuing Life Detection Missions Edwin S
Valuing life detection missions Edwin S. Kite* (University of Chicago), Eric Gaidos (University of Hawaii), Tullis C. Onstott (Princeton University). * [email protected] Recent discoveries imply that Early Mars was habitable for life-as-we-know-it (Grotzinger et al. 2014); that Enceladus might be habitable (Waite et al. 2017); and that many stars have Earth- sized exoplanets whose insolation favors surface liquid water (Dressing & Charbonneau 2013, Gaidos 2013). These exciting discoveries make it more likely that spacecraft now under construction – Mars 2020, ExoMars rover, JWST, Europa Clipper – will find habitable, or formerly habitable, environments. Did these environments see life? Given finite resources ($10bn/decade for the US1), how could we best test the hypothesis of a second origin of life? Here, we first state the case for and against flying life detection missions soon. Next, we assume that life detection missions will happen soon, and propose a framework (Fig. 1) for comparing the value of different life detection missions: Scientific value = (Reach × grasp × certainty × payoff) / $ (1) After discussing each term in this framework, we conclude that scientific value is maximized if life detection missions are flown as hypothesis tests. With hypothesis testing, even a nondetection is scientifically valuable. Should the US fly more life detection missions? Once a habitable environment has been found and characterized, life detection missions are a logical next step. Are we ready to do this? The case for emphasizing habitable environments, not life detection: Our one attempt to detect life, Viking, is viewed in hindsight as premature or at best uncertain. In-space life detection experiments are expensive.