DOCSLIB.ORG

The Royal Funerary and Burial Ceremonies of Medieval English Kings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Royal Funerary and Burial Ceremonies of Medieval English Kings The Royal Funerary and Burial Ceremonies of Medieval English Kings, 1216-1509 Anna M. Duch Doctor of Philosophy University of York History May 2016 2 Abstract When Ernst Kantorowicz published The King’s Two Bodies in 1957, far greater importance was placed upon the body politic, the office of King, than on the body natural, the king as a man. In part, this thesis sets out to overturn this notion: the royal corpse was the central and most vital element of the royal funerary and burial ceremonies, and concern for the royal body and its soul lasted for centuries. Although the King always lived, the mortal king did not become inert or null upon death. The English royal funeral has been understudied. The practical mechanics of English kings’ funerals (including the preservation of the body, the role of the Church, and the events of the ceremonies) have not been laid out clearly. This thesis seeks to update the analysis of both individual kingly funerals and the overarching development of royal exequies over three centuries, from John in 1216 to Henry VII in 1509. It is my argument that the language used in the royal prescriptive funerary and burial texts permitted individual variation based on personal preferences, the unique circumstances of the death, and the requirements of the Church for a Christian burial. The royal prescriptive texts were elastic, enabling a wide variety of kings during the medieval period to be laid to rest fittingly and honorably, according to their station. These prescriptive texts did not cover commemoration, an omission that allowed flexibility in celebrating the legacy of a deceased king. In special cases, the living elected to rebury the dead, be it for practical reasons or to enhance the legacies of both parties. The ceremonies and the ensuing commemoration, combined with a pronounced preference for burial in England for members of the royal house, formed an English royal way of death. 3 Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................................ 2 Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ 3 Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 7 Author’s Declaration....................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter I: Introduction.................................................................................................................. 9 The Case of Edward IV .............................................................................................................. 9 Historiographic Background..................................................................................................... 13 The Present Work and Its Purpose ......................................................................................... 17 Sources....................................................................................................................................... 21 An Outline of Contents............................................................................................................. 30 The Case of King John.............................................................................................................. 33 Chapter II: At the Hour of Death .............................................................................................. 38 John............................................................................................................................................ 41 Henry III.................................................................................................................................... 43 Edward I .................................................................................................................................... 45 Edward II................................................................................................................................... 46 Edward III ................................................................................................................................. 49 Richard II................................................................................................................................... 51 Henry IV.................................................................................................................................... 54 Henry V ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Henry VI.................................................................................................................................... 58 Edward IV.................................................................................................................................. 59 Edward V ................................................................................................................................... 61 Richard III ................................................................................................................................. 63 Henry VII .................................................................................................................................. 66 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 67 Chapter III: By the Books ............................................................................................................ 70 De Exequiis Regalibus............................................................................................................... 72 The Personal Wills of Kings..................................................................................................... 85 The Liber Regie Capelle........................................................................................................... 95 Articles Ordained by King Henry VII for the Regulation of His Household ......................107 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................111 4 Chapter IV: Disruption and Deviation.......................................................................................118 Disruptive.................................................................................................................................121 Deviant?...................................................................................................................................133 Cultural Transmission.............................................................................................................147 The Case of Edward II............................................................................................................156 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................164 Chapter V: Location...................................................................................................................168 Westminster Abbey.................................................................................................................169 Worcester Priory.....................................................................................................................184 Leicester Greyfriars and Chertsey Abbey...............................................................................186 Gloucester Abbey and King’s Langley....................................................................................188 Canterbury Cathedral..............................................................................................................191 St. George’s Chapel, Windsor ................................................................................................193 England ....................................................................................................................................196 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................202 Chapter VI: Status and Agency in Commemoration.................................................................206 The Care of the Living ............................................................................................................210 Anniversaries ...........................................................................................................................217 Tombs......................................................................................................................................230 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................250 Chapter VII: Reburial and Translation......................................................................................253 The Necessity of Reburial.......................................................................................................255 BL Harley MS 6466, ff. 33r-34v .............................................................................................260
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2011-13 W Isconsin State B Udget
    Comparative Summary of Budget Recommendations 2011 2011 Act 32 - Budget State Wisconsin 13 (Including Budget Adjustment Acts 10, 13, and 27) Volume I Legislative Fiscal Bureau August, 2011 2011-13 WISCONSIN STATE BUDGET Comparative Summary of Budget Provisions Enacted as 2011 Act 32 (Including Budget Adjustment Acts 10, 13, and 27) Volume I LEGISLATIVE FISCAL BUREAU ONE EAST MAIN, SUITE 301 MADISON, WISCONSIN LEGISLATIVE FISCAL BUREAU Administrative/Clerical Health Services and Insurance Bob Lang, Director Charles Morgan, Program Supervisor Vicki Holten, Administrative Assistant Sam Austin Liz Eck Grant Cummings Sandy Swain Eric Peck Education and Building Program Natural Resources and Commerce Dave Loppnow, Program Supervisor Daryl Hinz, Program Supervisor Russ Kava Kendra Bonderud Layla Merrifield Paul Ferguson Emily Pope Erin Probst Al Runde Ron Shanovich General Government and Justice Tax Policy, Children and Families, and Workforce Development Jere Bauer, Program Supervisor Chris Carmichael Rob Reinhardt, Program Supervisor Paul Onsager Sean Moran Darin Renner Rick Olin Art Zimmerman Ron Shanovich Sandy Swain Kim Swissdorf Transportation and Property Tax Relief Fred Ammerman, Program Supervisor Jon Dyck Rick Olin Al Runde INTRODUCTION This two-volume document, prepared by Wisconsin's Legislative Fiscal Bureau, is the final edition of the cumulative summary of executive and legislative action on the 2011-13 Wisconsin state biennial budget. The budget was signed by the Governor as 2011 Wisconsin Act 32 on June 26, and published on June 30, 2011. This document describes each of the provisions of Act 32, including all fiscal and policy modifications recommended by the Governor, Joint Committee on Finance, and Legislature. The document is organized into eight sections, the first of which contains a Table of Contents, History of the 2011-13 Budget, Brief Chronology of the 2011-13 Budget, Key to Abbreviations, and a User's Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Trilingualism and National Identity in England, from the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Fall 2015 Three Languages, One Nation: Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century Christopher Anderson Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Christopher, "Three Languages, One Nation: Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century" (2015). WWU Graduate School Collection. 449. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/449 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Three Languages, One Nation Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century By Christopher Anderson Accepted in Partial Completion Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Kathleen L. Kitto, Dean of the Graduate School Advisory Committee Chair, Dr. Peter Diehl Dr. Amanda Eurich Dr. Sean Murphy Master’s Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spirit in the Liturgy by 2020, It Is Estimated That 41 Million of All U.S
    NATIONAL ASSOCIATION of PASTORAL MUSICIANS PASTORAL March 2011 Music The Spirit in the Liturgy By 2020, it is estimated that 41 million of all U.S. Catholics will be Hispanic. 41million Are you ready to serve the worship needs of the fastest-growing segment in the Church? Join over two-thirds of the U.S. Catholic churches who turn to OCP for missals and hymnals to engage, unite and inspire their assembly in worship. 1-800-LITURGY (548-8749) | OCP.ORG NPM-January 2011:Layout 1 11/18/10 1:29 PM Page 1 Peter’s Way Tours Inc. Specializing in Custom Performance Tours and Pilgrimages Travel with the leader, as choirs have done for more than 25 years! This could be Preview a Choir Tour! ROME, ASSISI, VATICAN CITY your choir in Rome! Roman Polyphony JANUARY 19 - 26, 2012 • $795 (plus tax) HOLY LAND - Songs of Scriptures JANUARY 26-FEBRUARY 4, 2012 • $1,095 (plus tax) IRELAND - Land of Saints and Scholars FEBRUARY 14 - 20, 2012 • $995/$550* (plus tax) Continuing Education Programs for Music Directors Enjoy these specially designed programs at substantially reduced rates. Refundable from New York when you return with your own choir! *Special Price by invitation to directors bringing their choir within two years. 500 North Broadway • Suite 221 • Jericho, NY 11753 New York Office: 1-800-225-7662 Special dinner with our American and Peter’s Way Tours Inc. ERuerqopueeasnt Pau berio Ccahnutorere:s A gnronueptste a@llopweitnegr sfowr aysales.com Visit us at: www.petersway.com or call Midwest Office: 1-800-443-6018 positions have a responsibility to learn as much as we can about the new translation before we begin leading others to sing and pray with these new words.
    [Show full text]
  • My Ancestors Who Lived in Leeds Castle (And Some of Them Even Owned It!)
    Chapter 75 My Ancestors Who Lived in Leeds Castle (and Some of Them Even Owned It!) [originally written 4 January 2021] On 20 December 2020, Russ Leisenheimer posted a photo of a sunset over Leeds Castle to his Facebook page.1 Russ was one of my high school classmates in Euclid, Ohio, and he still lives in the Cleveland area. Here is the photo: I have been using the “World Family Tree” on Geni.com to investigate my European ancestors who lived during the Middle Ages, and seeing the photo of Leeds Castle got me to wondering if any of my ancestors lived there. OK, I realized that this was going to be a long shot, but due to the coronavirus pandemic, I have lots of free time to look into such seemingly trifling things. I immediately went to Wikipedia.org to learn about Leeds Castle, and that prompted the following reply to Russ on Facebook: Wikipedia states that “Leeds Castle is a castle in Kent, England, 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Maidstone. A castle has existed on the site since 1119, the first being a simple stone stronghold constructed by Robert de Crevecoeur which served as a military post in the time of Norman intrusions into England. In the 13th century, it came into the hands of King Edward I, for whom it became a favourite residence; in the 16th century, Henry VIII used it as a dwelling for his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.” According to the World Family Tree on Geni.com, Robert de Crevecoeur was my 25th great uncle.
    [Show full text]
  • School Plan for Student Achievement Template
    School Year: 2020-21 SPSA Title Page School Plan for Student Achievement (SPSA) Template Instructions and requirements for completing the SPSA template may be found in the SPSA Template Instructions. County-District-School Schoolsite Council Local Board Approval School Name (CDS) Code (SSC) Approval Date Date Deer Canyon 37682966109300 11/18/20 Elementary School School Vision and Mission Deer Canyon Elementary School Mission Statement Our mission is to ensure all of our students develop a love of learning and become highly successful in school, society, and the work place. Through close collaboration, and in partnership with our families and community, we will provide challenging, real life learning opportunities to prepare our students for success in a diverse society and ever-changing world. We will model what we expect so our children become: Self Directed Learners• Collaborative Team Members• Clear Communicators• Constructive Thinkers and Persevering Problem Solvers• Effective Users of Tools and Technology• Responsible and Kind Members of Society Deer Canyon Elementary Vision It is our vision that Deer Canyon becomes a school where all students have the individual support, encouragement and opportunity they need to achieve academically at very high levels and to develop the personal habits and values that will allow them to be successful both in school and as productive members of our society. Deer Canyon Culture The staff and parents of Deer Canyon encourage students to be intrinsically motivated and ensure that our students develop a love of learning. We embed habits for future success through the explicit development of skills such as critical thinking, self-monitoring, persistence, and responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mysteries of Baptism and Chrismation
    The Mysteries of Baptism and Chrismation 1 THE OFFICE FOR RECEIVING THOSE COMING TO THE ORTHODOX CHURCH FROM THE ANGLICAN CONFESSION The Priest shall stand at the doors of the church in epitrachelion and phelonion. And he questions the one converting to the Orthodox faith, saying: Priest: Do you wish to renounce the transgressions and errors of the Anglican Confession? Convert: I do. Priest: Do you wish to enter into union with the Orthodox-Catholic Faith? Convert: I do. Then the Priest blesses him (her), making the sign of the Cross with his right hand, saying: In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. And laying his hand upon the bowed head of the convert, he recites the following prayer: Deacon: Let us pray to the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Priest: O Lord, God of truth, look down upon Thy servant (handmaiden), N., who seeks to make haste unto Thy Holy Orthodox Church, and to take refuge under her shelter. Turn him (her) from his (her) former error to the path of true faith in Thee, and grant him (her) to walk in all Thy commandments. Let Thine eyes ever look down upon him (her) with mercy, and let Thine ears hearken unto the voice of his (her) supplication, that he (she) may be numbered with Thine elect flock. For all the Powers of Heaven hymn Thee, and Thine is the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Lent Term 2010
    KING’SCOLLEGE CAMBRIDGE CHAPELSERVICES LENTTERM HOLYWEEKANDEASTER 2010 NOT TO BE TAKEN AWAY THE USE OF CAMERAS, RECORDING EQUIPMENT, VIDEO CAMERAS AND MOBILE PHONES IS NOT PERMITTED IN CHAPEL [ 2 ] NOTICES SERMONSAND ADDRESSES 17 January Dr Edward Kessler Director Woolf Institute of Abrahamic Faiths, Cambridge; Fellow St Edmund’s College 24 January The Revd Richard Lloyd Morgan Acting Dean 31 January The Revd Abi Smetham Assistant Curate of Sheffield Manor Parish 7 February The Revd Canon Michael Hampel Acting Dean and Precentor, St Edmundsbury Cathedral 14 February The Revd Canon Anna Matthews St Albans Cathedral 21 February The Very Revd Dr John Hall Dean of Westminster 28 February The Rt Revd Dr Richard Cheetham Bishop of Kingston 7 March The Revd Canon Brian Watchorn Assistant Chaplain Maundy Thursday Professor Ellen Davies Amos Ragan Kearns Professor, Duke Divinity School, North Carolina Easter Day The Revd Richard Lloyd Morgan Acting Dean SERVICE BOOKLETS Braille and large print service booklets are available from the Chapel Administrator for Evensong and Sung Eucharist services. CHORAL SERVICES Services are normally sung by King’s College Choir on Sundays and from Tuesdays to Saturdays. Services on Mondays are sung by King’s Voices, the College’s mixed voice choir. Exceptions are listed. ORGAN RECITALS Each Saturday during term time there is an organ recital at 6.30 p.m. until 7.15 p.m. Admission is free, and there is a retiring collection. There is no recital on 16 January; the recital on 20 February will last 30 minutes and start at 6.45 p.m. following the longer Evensong that day.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    33_056819 bindex.qxp 11/3/06 11:01 AM Page 363 Index fighting the Vikings, 52–54 • A • as law-giver, 57–58 Aberfan tragedy, 304–305 literary interests, 56–57 Act of Union (1707), 2, 251 reforms of, 54–55 Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of reign of, 50, 51–52 William IV, 268, 361 Alfred, son of King Aethelred, king of Áed, king of Scotland, 159 England, 73, 74 Áed Findliath, ruler in Ireland, 159 Ambrosius Aurelianus (Roman leader), 40 Aedán mac Gabráin, overking of Dalriada, 153 Andrew, Prince, Duke of York (son of Aelfflaed, queen of Edward, king Elizabeth II) of Wessex, 59 birth of, 301 Aelfgifu of Northampton, queen of Cnut, 68 as naval officer, 33 Aethelbald, king of Mercia, 45 response to death of Princess Diana, 313 Aethelbert, king of Wessex, 49 separation from Sarah, Duchess of York, Aethelflaed, daughter of Alfred, king of 309 Wessex, 46 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 57, 58, 63 Aethelfrith, Saxon king, 43 Anglo-Saxons Aethelred, king of England, 51, 65–66 appointing an heir, 16 Aethelred, king of Mercia, 45, 46, 55 invasion of Britain, 39–41 Aethelred, king of Wessex, 50 kingdoms of, 37, 42 Aethelstan, king of Wessex, 51, 61–62 kings of, 41–42 Aethelwold, son of Aethelred, king of overview, 12 Wessex, 60 Anna, queen of Scotland, 204 Aethelwulf, king of Wessex, 49 Anne, Princess Royal, daughter of Africa, as part of British empire, 14 Elizabeth II, 301, 309 Agincourt, battle of, 136–138 Anne, queen of England Albert, Prince, son of George V, later lack of heir, 17 George VI, 283, 291 marriage to George of Denmark, 360–361 Albert of
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for Muskellunge in Michigan
    ATUR F N AL O R T E N S E O U M R T C R E A STATE OF MICHIGAN S P E DNR D MI N DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES CHIGA FR12 March 2016 Management Plan for Muskellunge in Michigan Kregg M. Smith, Michael V. Thomas, and Patrick A. Hanchin www.michigan.gov/dnr/ FISHERIES DIVISION FISHERIES REPORT 12 Suggested Citation Format Smith, K. M., M. V. Thomas, and P. A. Hanchin. 2016. Management plan for Muskellunge in Michigan. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Report 12, Lansing. MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES (DNR) MISSION STATEMENT “The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is committed to the conservation, protection, management, use and enjoyment of the state’s natural and cultural resources for current and future generations.” NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION (NRC) STATEMENT The Natural Resources Commission, as the governing body for the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, provides a strategic framework for the DNR to effectively manage your resources. The NRC holds monthly, public meetings throughout Michigan, working closely with its constituencies in establishing and improving natural resources management policy. MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES NON DISCRIMINATION STATEMENT The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) provides equal opportunities for employment and access to Michigan’s natural resources. Both State and Federal laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, disability, age, sex, height, weight or marital status under the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 as amended (MI PA 453 and MI PA 220, Title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as amended, and the Americans with Disabilities Act).
    [Show full text]
  • Firm Inventory Report ‐ July 2021
    Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Food Safety Program ‐ Firm Inventory Report ‐ August 2021 Ret = Retail Food Establishment Mfg = Manufacturer Whse = Warehouse FM = Farmers Market Fi Firm Name Firm Address Locality Ret Mfg Whse FM r 6487 Church ST Chincoteague Island, # ALB Macarons Accomack County ‐ MFG ‐ ‐ VA 23336 # Alleluia Supermarket 24387 Lankford HWY Tasley, VA 23441 Accomack County RETAIL ‐ ‐ ‐ # Becca's Cakes & More 20161 Sunnyside DR Melfa, VA 23410 Accomack County ‐ MFG ‐ ‐ 29665 Burton Shore RD Locustville, VA # Big Otter Farm (home operation) Accomack County ‐ MFG ‐ ‐ 23404 4522 Chicken City RD Chincoteague # Black Narrows Brewing Co. Accomack County RETAIL MFG ‐ ‐ Island, VA 23336 # Bloxom Mini Mart 25641 Shoremain DR Bloxom, VA 23308 Accomack County RETAIL ‐ ‐ ‐ # Bloxom Vineyard 26130 Mason RD Bloxom, VA 23308 Accomack County ‐ MFG ‐ ‐ # Blue Crab Bay Co. 29368 Atlantic DR Melfa, VA 23410 Accomack County ‐ MFG ‐ ‐ 6213 Lankford HWY New Church, VA # Bonnie's Bounty Accomack County RETAIL ‐ ‐ ‐ 23415 6506 Maddox BLVD located inside # Candylicious Accomack County RETAIL ‐ ‐ ‐ Maria's Chincoteague Island, VA 23336 # Carey Wholesales 15383 Lankford HWY Bloxom, VA 23308 Accomack County ‐ ‐ WHSE ‐ # Cheers 25188 Lankford HWY Onley, VA 23418 Accomack County RETAIL ‐ ‐ ‐ # Chincoteague Farmers'Mark 4103 Main ST Chincoteague, VA 23336 Accomack County ‐ ‐ ‐ FRM_MKT # Chincoteague Fisheries Inc 4147 Main ST Chincoteague, VA 23336 Accomack County ‐ MFG ‐ ‐ 6060 Old Mill LN Chincoteague Island, # ChincoteagueMade
    [Show full text]
  • MAGAZINE from MEDIEVALISTS.NET the Medieval Magazine Volume 3 Number 4 March 2, 2017
    MEDIEVAL STUDIES MAGAZINE FROM MEDIEVALISTS.NET The Medieval Magazine Volume 3 Number 4 March 2, 2017 Miniature of Christine de Pizan breaking up ground while Lady Reason clears away letters to prepare for the building of the City of Ladies. Additional 20698 f. 17 (Netherlands, S. (Bruges) (The British Library). Philippa of Hainault & WomenBook Review of the Medici Travel Tips Anne of Bohemia Eleanor of Toledo The Uffizi The Medieval Magazine March 2, 2017 31 Etheldreda & Ely Cathedral 6 The Queenships of Philippa of Hainault and Anne of Bohemia 28 Book Tour: The Turbulent Crown 37 Travel Tips: Firenze - The Uffizi 57 Queen of the Castle Table of Contents 4 Letter from Editors 6 Intercession and Motherhood: Queenships of Philippa of Hainault and Anne of Bohemia by Conor Byrne 21 Conference News: Medieval Ethiopia at U of Toronto 22 Book Excerpt: Everyday Life in Tudor London by Stephen Porter 28 Book Tour: The Turbulent Crown by Roland Hui 31 Etheldreda: Queen, Abbess, Saint by Jessica Brewer 53 Historic Environment Scotland: Building relationships with metal detectorists 57 Queen of the Castle: Best Medieval Holiday Homes on the Market 63 Book Review: A Medieval Woman's Companion by Susan Signe Morrison 66 Leprosy and Plague at St. Giles in the Fields by Rebecca Rideal Regular Features 20 Talk the Talk - Old Italian, "Fáte Sángue" 27 Building the Medieval - Lady Chapel THE MEDIEVAL MAGAZINE 37 Travel Tips - Florence Editors: Sandra Alvarez and Danielle Trynoski 46 Londinium - Museum of London Website: www.medievalists.net This digital magazine is published bi-monthly. 52 Art/ifact Spotlight - Spindle Whorls & Loom Weights Cover Photo Credit: British Library In Honour of Women “We cannot live in a world that is interpreted for us by others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eructavit Is Generally Linked with Marie of Champagne. I Should Like
    淡江人文社會學刊【第十期】 The Eructavit is generally linked with Marie of Champagne. I should like to demonstrate, however, that this Old French metrical paraphrase of Psalm XLIV (in the Vulgate edition) is inextricably linked with Marie of Brabant as well. In pursuing this link, I believe I can explain both the occasion and the content of (Paris, BN) Arsenal 3142, the manuscript generally thought to have been composed for Marie of Brabant. Furthermore, in so doing, I should like to establish a possible dating, as well as an occasion, for the Eructavit and for the Arsenal Manuscript 3142. In order to do this, I should like to introduce the setting in which the Eructavit was written, the people surrounding its production, and the familial ties connecting the existing manuscripts of the Eructavit to the Arsenal Manuscript 3142. I should then like to deal with the form of the Arsenal Manuscript in terms of the Eructavit and the 44th Psalm. Marie of France, the eldest daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine and of Louis VII of France, was given in marriage in 1154 to Henry I, called the Liberal, of Champagne.(1) Henry of Champagne was a learned man, a recipient of sermons, commentaries on the Psalms, and liturgical pieces, including ten sequences (Benton, 1961, p. 556). John of Salisbury (who at the time of the Becket case was exiled from England and staying with his friend Pierre de Celle, then abbot of Saint-Remi-de Reims and friend as well of Henry) tells us of the “great pleasure which the Count Henry took in discussing literary subjects with learned men.”(2) Furthermore, Chretien de Troyes, Evrat, Gace Brule, Gautier d’Arras, and Simon Chevre d’Or, all known poets, acknowledge the personal intervention of Henry or Marie in their work.(3) The court of Champagne was well established as a center of learning and patronage.
    [Show full text]