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About the Music About the music. For two hundred years America has The JCPenney Company hopes this Raymond Roth poured its heart and its history into music makes the Bicentennial more Director of Music its music. meaningful, more pleasurable, and University of Michigan more inspiring for you and for all those The JCPenney contribution to Amer­ you reach with your music. now and Joe R. Rulli ica's two-hundredth birthday party has long into the future. President, Wyoming Music been to recapture choic~ examples of Educators Association that music. never before published or long out of print, and to present them­ The BicentennialMusical Charles Suber, Publisher along with five newly-commissioned CelebrationAdvisory Board Downbeat Magazine works honoring the event-in this "Bicentennial Musical Celebration:· B. Neil Davis Gerald Tedesco Director of Music Director of Bands The Celebration is a gift from JCPenney Lakewood, Ohio, High School Wayne Valley High School to you-and to all the bands, choral Wayne, New Jersey groups and orchestras in America's Leonard dePaur high schools, colleges and Director, Community Relations John Wilson, Jazz Critic communities. Lincoln Center, New York Princeton. New Jersey Three eminent musician-historian5:. Clement DeRosa Nelmatilda Woodard prepared the Celebration, assisted by District Director of Music Director of Music a distinguished Advisory Board. Dr. Cold Springs Harbor Schools Chicago Board of Education Richard Franko Goldman, president of Dix Hills. New York Peabody 1nstitute in Baltimore and President-elect, National Robert Zimmerman conductor of the famed Goldman Band, Association of Jazz Educators Director of Music directed the project and programmed Mowrey Elementary School the selections for band. Dr. Leonard Lehman Engel Waynesboro, Pennsylvania dePaur of Lincoln Center for the Per­ Theatrical Composer /Conductor President-elect, Eastern Division forming Arts in New York City New York, New York Music Educators Natl. Conference programmed the choral music. The orchestra selections were the respon­ Ri~hard"" Franko Goldman sibility of the late Thor Johnson. President, Peabody Institute conductor of the Nashville Symphony, Baltimore, Maryland whose untimely death occurred just as he completed his work. H. Wylie Hitchcock Director, Department of Music This booklet contains an introduction School of Performing Arts to each section of the Celebration­ Brooklyn College, New York band. chorus, orchestra-followed by notes on the individual works in each Robert H. Klotman section, as prepared by Drs. Goldman School of Music and dePaur. Three selections of the 35 Indiana University in the entire Celebration have been (President-elect, Music Educators arranged for all three types of per­ National Conference) formance; their program notes appear at the beginning of the band music Ralston 0. Pitts listing. Director of Music Mesa, Arizona, Public Schools In preparing your own program notes or announcements for any of these Albert Renna, Consultant pieces. it would be·greatly appreciated Director of Music (ret.) if they are credited to the Bicentennial San Francisco Board of Education Musical Celebration. Don C. Robinson Questions aboutthe Celebration should Director of Music be addressed to your nearest Fulton County Scj,ools JCPenney store. or to the JCPenney Atlanta, Georgia Company, 1301 Avenue of the President, Southern Division, Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. Music Educators Natl. Conference April, 1975 This marked the beginning of the great Americanband music:a brief background. era of "proprietary" civilian bands of national rather than purely local impor­ tance. The era is well described in H.W. Schwartz's book, Bands of America. It was of course the time of Band music has always had great pop­ The oldest civilian concert band still John Philip Sousa; who became leader ular appeal, in America as well as in 'active in America was formed in Allen­ of the Marine Band in 1880, and formed Europe. town, Pennsylvania. in 1828, and many his own famous band in 1892, the year others flourished in the years follow­ of Gilmore's death. Most early bands were regimental lng. The leading civilian band in New units, or otherwise attached to the York was Dodworth's band, which The period from 1880 to about 1925 military-hence the long-lasting grew out of an independent band was the high point of prosperity and designation of most bands as "military formed in 1825. This was said to be the popularity for the professional tour­ bands." finest in the country before the time of ing band. Patrick Gilmore. What sets band music in America apart Nationalcivilian bands is the development of the civilian con­ The instrumentation of these early cert band du ring then i neteenth century, bands varied greatly, but many of them In addition to the internationally cele­ and the phenomenal rise of bands and became exclusively brass bands, gen­ brated Sousa Band, there were the band music in our schools and col­ erally consisting of 16 to 20 players, bands of D.W. Reeves, Innes, Brooke, leges in the twentieth century. including three percussionists. Conway, Creatore, Pryor and many, many others, including Victor Herbert. Today, while we still have splendid The 1830's and 40's were the heyday of Service bands and a few remaining the great virtuosi on the keyed bugle, Works by Sousa and Herbert are in­ professional concert bands, the chief of whom Ned Kendall was the most cluded in the Bicentennial Musical interest in band music and the greatest famous. The Celebration selection, Celebration as representative of this activity is in our schools and colleges. "The NewYork Light Guards Quickstep" period-the golden age of the march. Th is new focus for band music is a {1839), is an excellent representation Sousa included a number of his purely American development. of this period. marches on every one of his programs, often interspersing them between There is little documented information The firstgreat Americanbandmaster more "serio.us" numbers. about American bands before 1800, although there were many in New The first truly great American band­ The repertoires of all these bands York and New England. master was Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore. remained much the same as that of He was born in Ireland in 1829 and Gilmore's: transcriptions of overtures. Early bands arrived in Massachusetts in 1848. He operatic fantasies, light music of the was already famous as a virtuoso day, with plenty of cornet, trombone or The first American bandmaster of cornetist, and soon proved the vocal solos as well. In fact no band record is Josiah Flagg ( 1738-1794) of superiority of his instrument to the old concert was considered complete with­ Boston, who conducted the band of keyed bugle. out such solos. Stellar cornetists and the British 64th Regiment in 1771, and trombonists abounded and were of formed his own band in 1773. The Gilmore became leader of the Boston course great attractions. Massachusetts Band was formed in Brass Band in 1852, and of the Salem 1783, also in Boston. and became the Brass Band in 1855-both still brass These bands performed the great serv­ Boston Brigade Band in 1820. Later on, bands. ice of bringing to large numbers of it provided the nucleus for the famous people, long before radio or record­ Gilmore Band. It was not until 1859 that Gilmore took ings, some idea of "standard" musical over the Boston Brigade Band as a literature. This service should not be James Hewitt (see the note for "The mixed reed and brass group, and on underestimated; it was of much impor­ Battle of Trenton") was director of "all condition that it would henceforth be tance in building the musical resources the military bands in New York." known as "Gilmore's Band." and awareness of a young America. Little is known about the instrumenta­ The original Gilmore Band consisted of A New Repertoire tion of these groups, except that they 32 players. Gilmore rehearsed the band With the growth of orchestras in were small compared to modern bands. carefully, established a.basic instru­ Almost none of the music they played mentation that is still the foundation of America, and especially the develop­ was ever published, except as sheet the modern band, and began to develop ment of radio and recordings, it was music for the piano. The arrangements a library and a repertoire far in advance obvious that the band must eventually were made according to the occasion of anything then known in this country. create a new repertoire of original and the number of instruments He may truly be called the father of music of its own. That it did so was available. the modern American concert band. largelyduetotheworkof Edwin Franko Goldman, whose professional band, Gilmore did not compose a great deal, founded in 1911, may be said to have What they played was marches, dances and none of his music is available carried on the work of his great pred­ and light popular music of the day. It today. But with him in mind, it is most ecessors. was not until the 1830's that the band appropriate that the Bicentennial Musi­ repertoire came to include transcrip­ cal Celebration includes a character­ Especially since the 1930's, the reper­ tions of Rossini and Auber overtures istic polka from 1857. toire of original music conceived and and other well-known orchestral written for the modern concert band favorites. · Gilmore's greatest work as a conductor has grown enormously, and has become was done after 1873, when he organized one of the most interesting develop­ The growth of the band after 1800 was a band of 66 players with whom he ments in American music. rapid. The Marine Band was officially toured the United States and Canada. organized in 1798, with a complement He also took this band on a tour of There is today hardly an American of eight musicians.
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