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Meter of Classical Arabic Poetry
Pegs, Cords, and Ghuls: Meter of Classical Arabic Poetry Hazel Scott Haverford College Department of Linguistics, Swarthmore College Fall 2009 There are many reasons to read poetry, filled with heroics and folly, sweeping metaphors and engaging rhymes. It can reveal much about a shared cultural history and the depths of the human soul; for linguists, it also provides insights into the nature of language itself. As a particular subset of a language, poetry is one case study for understanding the use of a language and the underlying rules that govern it. This paper explores the metrical system of classical Arabic poetry and its theoretical representations. The prevailing classification is from the 8th century C.E., based on the work of the scholar al-Khaliil, and I evaluate modern attempts to situate the meters within a more universal theory. I analyze the meter of two early Arabic poems, and observe the descriptive accuracy of al-Khaliil’s system, and then provide an analysis of the major alternative accounts. By incorporating linguistic concepts such as binarity and prosodic constraints, the newer models improve on the general accessibility of their theories with greater explanatory potential. The use of this analysis to identify and account for the four most commonly used meters, for example, highlights the significance of these models over al-Khaliil’s basic enumerations. The study is situated within a discussion of cultural history and the modern application of these meters, and a reflection on the oral nature of these poems. The opportunities created for easier cross-linguistic comparisons are crucial for a broader understanding of poetry, enhanced by Arabic’s complex levels of metrical patterns, and with conclusions that can inform wider linguistic study.* Introduction Classical Arabic poetry is traditionally characterized by its use of one of the sixteen * I would like to thank my advisor, Professor K. -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79382 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-30 and may be subject to change. The Use of exempla in Roman Declamation Author(s): Marc van der Poel Reviewed work(s): Source: Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, Vol. 27, No. 3, Special issue: An International Project on the Pseudo-Quintilianic Declamationes maioresSpecial issue: An International Project on the Pseudo-Quintilianic Declamationes maiores (Summer 2009), pp. 332-353 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the International Society for the History of Rhetoric Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/RH.2009.27.3.332 . Accessed: 26/09/2012 10:21 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and International Society for the History of Rhetoric are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric. http://www.jstor.org Marc van der Poel The Use of exempla in Roman Declamation Abstract: In this paper I present a list of the exempla used in the four surviving ancient collections of declamations (see Appendix: checklist of exempla), with a brief survey of the theory of the exem- plum in rhetorical handbooks and discussion of a few samples from the Controversiae and the Declamationes maiores.Myobservations suggest that Seneca’s criticism of the use of exempla in declamations (Contr. -
Edmund Blunden
Edmund Blunden: An Inventory of His Papers at the Harry Ransom Center Descriptive Summary Creator: Blunden, Edmund, 1896-1974 Title: Edmund Blunden Papers Dates: 1909-1970, undated Extent: 95 boxes (39.90 linear feet), 10 galley folders (gf), 7 oversize folders (osf) Abstract: World War I British poet and English professor Edmund Blunden’s papers consist almost entirely of materials acquired from him during his lifetime. Nearly all of Blunden’s poetry, fiction, and nonfiction is represented in the Works series. Among the most extensive correspondences are those of fellow poet Siegfried Sassoon, publisher Rupert Hart-Davis, second wife Sylva Norman, and literary agent A. D. Peters. Four indexes (for Works, Letters, Recipients, and Miscellaneous) follow the Container List and provide more detailed access to the contents of these papers. Call Number: Manuscript Collection MS-0426 Language: The bulk of the collection is in English , with some materials in Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, and Welsh. Access: Open for research. Researchers must create an online Research Account and agree to the Materials Use Policy before using archival materials. Use Policies: Ransom Center collections may contain material with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in the collections without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g., a cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning an individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the Ransom Center and The University of Texas at Austin assume no responsibility. -
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia. -
David Rafferty, the Fall of the Roman Republic
The Fall of the Roman Republic DAVID RAFFERTY the Mediterranean, meant there was no longer anyone for the Romans to fear, which in turn meant that Rome lost her discipline. Another How did crises change ancient theme blamed greed and ambition for Rome’s societies? problems: greed and success had made some men very rich and others very poor. The rich How did key individuals contribute to had appetites which the Republic could not such events? contain, while they also became corrupt, and the poor had nothing to lose from change. A How might we judge the historical similar theme blamed the ambitions of the significance of these crises and the great men who brought down their Republic: individuals who took part in them?1 they were no longer content to be renowned in a free state, but wanted to dominate their fellow-citizens. Historical significance Most modern scholars have not accepted these explanations. But many causes have been Why did the Roman Republic fall? This blamed for the collapse of the Republic, too question was of great interest to the Romans many to list here. Lintott’s CAH chapter briefly themselves, both at the time and later. The outlines some of them, but the Blackwell best starting point is Andrew Lintott’s chapter Companion to the Roman Republic is a better 1, ‘The crisis of the Republic: sources and source. Such companions tend to be uneven, source-problems’ in CAH 9 (that is, volume but this one is excellent, and thoroughly 9 of the second edition of the Cambridge recommended. -
The Rhythm of the Gods' Voice. the Suggestion of Divine Presence
T he Rhythm of the Gods’ Voice. The Suggestion of Divine Presence through Prosody* E l ritmo de la voz de los dioses. La sugerencia de la presencia divina a través de la prosodia Ronald Blankenborg Radboud University Nijmegen [email protected] Abstract Resumen I n this article, I draw attention to the E ste estudio se centra en la meticulosidad gods’ pickiness in the audible flow of de los dioses en el flujo audible de sus expre- their utterances, a prosodic characteris- siones, una característica prosódica del habla tic of speech that evokes the presence of que evoca la presencia divina. La poesía hexa- the divine. Hexametric poetry itself is the métrica es en sí misma el lenguaje de la per- * I want to thank the anonymous reviewers and the editors of ARYS for their suggestions and com- ments. https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2020.5310 - Arys, 18, 2020 [123-154] issn 1575-166x 124 Ronald Blankenborg language of permanency, as evidenced by manencia, como pone de manifiesto la litera- wisdom literature, funereal and dedicatory tura sapiencial y las inscripciones funerarias inscriptions: epic poetry is the embedded y dedicatorias: la poesía épica es el lenguaje direct speech of a goddess. Outside hex- directo integrado de una diosa. Más allá de ametric poetry, the gods’ special speech la poesía hexamétrica, el habla especial de los is primarily expressed through prosodic dioses es principalmente expresado mediante means, notably through a shift in rhythmic recursos prosódicos, especialmente a través profile. Such a shift deliberately captures, de un cambio en el perfil rítmico. -
Some Remarks on Apion1
Some remarks on Apion1 Walter Ameling Apion ʻdistinguished himself among all the opponents of the Jews by the depth of his hatred, and was therefore treated with particular bitterness by Josephusʼ.2 This is how Apion is remembered generally — an author whose works are only preserved in a shamble of fragments,3 and whose fifteen minutes of fame are due only to the openly hostile Flavius Josephus, whose last work is nowadays called contra Apionem, although this was not the original title. In this work it was Apion who got the longest and most detailed response to an individual opponent, ‘the most sustained personal invective in the treatise, and the most developed forms of ethnic vituperationʼ.4 Only the last ten years or so saw a somewhat different appreciation of the man and scholar. Apion was called ʻa multi-faceted scholar and a man who devoted his life to various studiesʼ, and was seen as someone who achieved a ʻcelebrity justly won by his brillianceʼ.5 The reaction was prompt: Apion was rather ʻa scholar gone badʼ.6 Apion was, first and foremost, a prominent intellectual, a famous figure of Graeco- Roman culture in the first century A.D. — as is attested by authors as different as Seneca and Pliny, Plutarch and Gellius. People might have criticized him, but Gellius 1 This essay started out as an attempt to write about ‘Philon and Apion’; both had lived for some years in Alexandria, might have even met there or might at least have known of each other. Both were intellectually prominent, and at least Philon was also socially prominent. -
Latin Language and Literature 2016/17
The University of Warwick Department of Classics and Ancient History CX 101/201/301 – Latin Language and Literature 2016/17 Module tutor: Clive Letchford Humanities Building 2.21 [email protected] Office Hours Wednesdays 12-1, Thursdays 11-12 during term time INTRODUCTION This module builds upon Latin Language CX115 module and gives the opportunity to read significant passages of original authors. Students need to have a sound basis to enrol on the module, as follows: Students who have studied Latin Language (Beginners) module usually need to have achieved 70% to be eligible for this module. First year undergraduates would normally have studied Latin at A level but not achieved the A grade necessary for Latin Literary Texts. Any undergraduate with a good GCSE pass who proposes to take this course should contact me in early September, since experience has shown that the two-year gap in studying Latin means that students are often not adequately prepared for the demands of this course. I will send revision material at the start of September to help them get up to speed and will set a diagnostic paper in the first week of term to see whether they will be able to thrive on the course. Anyone who does not do well in the diagnostic test will be advised to enrol on either the Latin Language or the Greek Language module. Attendance There are three hours of teaching each week. Attendance is required at all classes. If you are ill, you should contact your lecturer by email as soon as possible giving an indication of why you could not be expected to attend. -
Poikilia in the Book 4 of Alciphron's Letters
The Girlfriends’ Letters : Poikilia in the Book 4 of Alciphron’s Letters Michel Briand To cite this version: Michel Briand. The Girlfriends’ Letters : Poikilia in the Book 4 of Alciphron’s Letters. The Letters of Alciphron : To Be or not To be a Work ?, Jun 2016, Nice, France. hal-02522826 HAL Id: hal-02522826 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02522826 Submitted on 27 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THE GIRLFRIENDS’ LETTERS: POIKILIA IN THE BOOK 4 OF ALCIPHRON’S LETTERS Michel Briand Alciphron, an ambivalent post-modern Like Lucian of Samosata and other sophistic authors, as Longus or Achilles Tatius, Alciphron typically represents an ostensibly post-classical brand of literature and culture, which in many ways resembles our post- modernity, caught in permanent tension between virtuoso, ironic, critical, and distanced meta-fictionality, on the one hand, and a conscious taste for outspoken and humorous “bad taste”, Bakhtinian carnavalesque, social and moral margins, convoluted plots and sensational plays of immersion and derision, or realism and artificiality: the way Alciphron’s collection has been judged is related to the devaluation, then revaluation, the Second Sophistic was submitted to, according to inherently aesthetical and political arguments, quite similar to those with which one often criticises or defends literary, theatrical, or cinematographic post- 1 modernity. -
General Index
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03398-6 - Man and Animal in Severan Rome: The Literary Imagination of Claudius Aelianus Steven D. Smith Index More information General index Achilles Tatius 5, 6, 31, 47, 49, 56, 95, 213, Atalante 10, 253, 254, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 265 267, 268 Aeneas 69, 92, 94, 95, 97 Atargatis 135 Aeschylus 91, 227 Athena 107, 125, 155 Aesop 6, 260 Athenaeus 47, 49, 58, 150, 207, 212, 254 aitnaios 108, 109, 181 Athenians 8, 16, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41, 45, 58, akolasia 41, 43, 183, 279 77, 79, 109, 176, 199, 200, 202, 205, 206, 207, Alciphron 30, 33, 41, 45, 213 210, 227, 251, 252, 253 Alexander of Mundos 129 Athens 55, 60, 79 Alexander Severus 22, 72, 160, 216, 250, 251 Augustus 18, 75, 76, 77, 86, 98, 126, 139, 156, 161, Alexander the Great 58, 79, 109, 162, 165, 168, 170, 215, 216, 234, 238 170, 171, 177, 215, 217, 221, 241, 249 Aulus Gellius 47, 59, 203, 224, 229 Alexandria 23, 47, 48, 49, 149, 160, 162, 163, 164, Aurelian 127 168, 203 Anacreon 20 baboons 151 Androkles 81, 229, 230, 231, 232, 235, 236, 237, Bakhtin, Mikhail 136 247 Barthes, Roland 6 anthias 163, 164 bears 128, 191, 220, 234, 252, 261 ants 96, 250 bees 10, 33, 34, 36, 38, 45, 109, 113, 181, 186, 217, apes 181 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 242, 246 apheleia 20 beetles 14, 44 Aphrodite 34, 55, 122, 123, 125, 141, 150, 180, 207, Bhabha, Homi 85 210, 255, 256, 259, 260, 263, 267 boars 2, 40, 46, 250, 263 Apion 22, 118, 130, 149, 229, 231, 232 Brisson, Luc 194, 196 Apollo 38, 122, 123, 124, 125, 131, 140, 144, 155, 157, 175, 242, 272 -
Stephen-Heyworth-Publications 2021.Pdf
Publications of S. J. Heyworth Books Sexti Properti Elegi (Oxford Classical Text, 2007) Cynthia: a companion to the text of Propertius (Oxford, 2007) A commentary on Propertius, Book 3 (Oxford, 2011) (with James Morwood) A commentary on Vergil, Aeneid 3 (Oxford, 2017) (with James Morwood) Ovid, Fasti Book 3 (Cambridge Greek & Latin Classics series; Cambridge, 2019) As editor Classical Quarterly 1993-98 Classical Constructions, Papers in memory of Don Fowler, Classicist and Epicurean, edited by S.J.H. with the assistance of P. G. Fowler and S. J. Harrison, (OUP 2007) Articles, notes and reviews ‘Notes on Propertius Books I and II’, CQ 34 (1984), 394-405 ‘A note on the Gallus fragment’, LCM 9 (1984), 63-4 ‘Catullus 107.3—a response’, LCM 9 (1984), 137 ‘Three notes on the Heroides’, Mnemosyne 37 (1984), 103-9 ‘Two conjectures (Horace, Carm.1.12.33-40; Vergil, Ecl.7.70)’, PCPhS 30 (1984), 72-3 review of R. Whitaker, Myth and Personal Experience in Roman Love-Elegy (Göttingen, 1983), CR 35 (1985), 31-2 review of P. Fedeli, Sexti Properti elegiarum libri IV (Stuttgart, 1984), CR 35 (1985), 281-4 review of J. L. Butrica, The Manuscript Tradition of Propertius (Toronto, 1984) [and other Propertiana], CR 36 (1986), 45-8 [48-50] ‘Notes on Propertius Books III and IV’, CQ 36 (1986), 199-211 (with A. J. Woodman) ‘Sallust, Bellum Catilinae 50.3-5’, LCM 11 (1986), 11-12 ‘Horace’s Second Epode’, AJPh 109 (1988), 71-85 ‘Ars moratoria (Ovid, A.A.1.681-704)’, LCM 17 (1992) 59-61 ‘Propertius II xiii’, Mnemosyne 45 (1992), 45-59 ‘Deceitful Crete: Aeneid 3.84ff and the Hymns of Callimachus’, CQ 43 (1993), 255-7 ‘Horace’s Ibis: on the titles, unity and contents of the Epodes’, PLLS 7 (1993), 85-96 ‘Some allusions to Callimachus in Latin poetry’, MD 33 (1994), 51-79 ‘Dividing poems’ in O. -
Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, Etc
Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, etc. at the earliest from 2d cent. on AELIAN c. 180 AESCHINES 345 AESCHYLUS *525, †456 AESOP 1 570 AETIUS c. 500 AGATHARCHIDES 117? ALCAEUS MYTILENAEUS 610 ALCIPHRON 200? ALCMAN 610 ALEXIS 350 AMBROSE, Bp. of Milan 374 AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS †c. 400 AMMONIUS, the grammarian 390 ANACREON2 530 ANAXANDRIDES 350 ANAXIMANDER 580 ANDOCIDES 405 ANTIPHANES 380 ANTIPHON 412 ANTONINUS, M. AURELIUS †180 APOLLODORUS of Athens 140 APOLLONIUS DYSCOLUS 140 APOLLONIUS RHODIUS 200 APPIAN 150 APPULEIUS 160 AQUILA (translator of the O. T.) 2d cent. (under Hadrian.) ARATUS 270 ARCHILOCHUS 700 ARCHIMEDES, the mathematician 250 ARCHYTAS c. 400 1 But the current Fables are not his; on the History of Greek Fable, see Rutherford, Babrius, Introd. ch. ii. 2 Only a few fragments of the odes ascribed to him are genuine. ARETAEUS 80? ARISTAENETUS 450? ARISTEAS3 270 ARISTIDES, P. AELIUS 160 ARISTOPHANES *444, †380 ARISTOPHANES, the grammarian 200 ARISTOTLE *384, †322 ARRIAN (pupil and friend of Epictetus) *c. 100 ARTEMIDORUS DALDIANUS (oneirocritica) 160 ATHANASIUS †373 ATHENAEUS, the grammarian 228 ATHENAGORUS of Athens 177? AUGUSTINE, Bp. of Hippo †430 AUSONIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS †c. 390 BABRIUS (see Rutherford, Babrius, Intr. ch. i.) (some say 50?) c. 225 BARNABAS, Epistle written c. 100? Baruch, Apocryphal Book of c. 75? Basilica, the4 c. 900 BASIL THE GREAT, Bp. of Caesarea †379 BASIL of Seleucia 450 Bel and the Dragon 2nd cent.? BION 200 CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS †March 15, 44 CALLIMACHUS 260 Canons and Constitutions, Apostolic 3rd and 4th cent.