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Risicobeoordeling Van Voedselbosbouw Als Introductieroute Voor Invasieve Plantensoorten

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Risicobeoordeling Van Voedselbosbouw Als Introductieroute Voor Invasieve Plantensoorten 2019 Risicobeoordeling van voedselbosbouw als introductieroute voor invasieve plantensoorten J.H.T. Hoppenreijs, R. Beringen, F.P.L. Collas, D.D.M. Eeuwes, B. Odé, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg & R.S.E.W. Leuven Risicobeoordeling van voedselbossen als introductieroute voor invasieve plantensoorten J.H.T. Hoppenreijs1,4, R. Beringen2,4, F. P.L. Collas1,4, D.D.M. Eeuwes1, B. Odé2,4, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg3 & R.S.E.W. Leuven1,4 7 augustus 2019 1 Radboud Universiteit (Instituut voor Water en Wetland Research), 2 FLORON, 3 Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit & 4 Nederlands Expertise Centrum Exoten In opdracht van: Team Invasieve Exoten Bureau Risicobeoordeling & onderzoek Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA) Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit Rapport Afdeling Dierecologie en Fysiologie 2019-2 Titel: Risicobeoordeling van voedselbossen als introductieroute voor invasieve plantensoorten Auteurs: Hoppenreijs, J.H.T., R. Beringen, F.P.L. Collas, D.D.M. Eeuwes, B. Odé, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg & R.S.E.W. Leuven Omslagfoto: Voedselbos Ketelbroek in Groesbeek (© Foto: R.S.E.W. Leuven) Projectmanager: Prof. dr. R.S.E.W. Leuven, Nederlands Expertise Centrum Exoten (NEC-E) en Instituut voor Water en Wetland Research, Radboud Universiteit, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, e-mail: [email protected] Projectnummer: RU/FNWI/FEZ-VB-626424NVWA2018-2 Opdrachtgever: Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA), Team Invasieve Exoten, Bureau Risicobeoordeling & onderzoek, Postbus 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht Orders: Secretariaat van de afdeling Dierecologie en Fysiologie, Faculteit der Natuurwetenschappen en Informatica, Radboud Universiteit, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, e-mail: [email protected], tel. 024-3652902, onder vermelding van Rapport 2019-2 Trefwoorden: Ecologische effecten, invasieve soorten, planten, risicobeoordeling, risicomanagement, voedselbos, voedselbosbouw, volksgezondheid 2019. Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen Overname van informatie is toegestaan mits de bron duidelijk wordt vermeld en geen rechten van derden gelden. Inhoudsopgave Samenvatting ............................................................................................................................................ 6 English summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Introductie .......................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Achtergrond en probleemstelling ..................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Doel- en vraagstelling ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Afbakening en samenhang van het onderzoek ................................................................................. 13 2. Materialen en methoden .................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Dataverzameling ............................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 Literatuuronderzoek ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Schriftelijke enquêtering ................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.3 Interviews ....................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Analyse, integratie en interpretatie .................................................................................................. 19 2.2.1 Constructie databestanden ............................................................................................................ 19 2.2.2 Verzameling plantattributen .......................................................................................................... 20 2.2.3 Risico’s van uitheemse voedselbossoorten voor natuur ............................................................... 23 2.2.3.1 Effecten op biodiversiteit ............................................................................................................ 25 2.2.3.2 Effecten op functioneren van ecosystemen ............................................................................... 29 2.2.3.3 Effecten op ecosysteemdiensten ................................................................................................ 32 2.2.4 Effecten van uitheemse soorten op veiligheid, infrastructuur en gebouwen ............................... 32 2.2.5 Risico’s van inheemse en uitheemse voedselbossoorten voor volksgezondheid ......................... 33 2.2.6 Fytosanitaire risico’s bij import van voedselbossoorten ............................................................... 35 3. Resultaten ........................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Ontwikkelingen van voedselbossen in Nederland ............................................................................ 36 3.2 Voedselbossoorten in Nederland ..................................................................................................... 38 3.2.1 Soortenlijsten ................................................................................................................................. 38 3.2.2 Inrichting en beheer van voedselbossen en voedselbosplanten ................................................... 42 3.2.3 Verwildering van uitheemse voedselbosplanten........................................................................... 47 3.3 Risicobeoordeling .............................................................................................................................. 49 3.3.1 Risico’s van uitheemse voedselbossoorten ................................................................................... 49 3.3.1.1 Effecten op biodiversiteit ............................................................................................................ 49 3.3.1.2 Effecten op functioneren van ecosystemen ............................................................................... 53 3.3.1.3 Effecten op ecosysteemdiensten ................................................................................................ 54 3.3.1.4 Effecten op veiligheid, infrastructuur en gebouwen .................................................................. 55 3.3.2 Risico’s van inheemse en uitheemse voedselbosplanten voor volksgezondheid ......................... 55 3.3.3 Risico’s van fytosanitaire aard ....................................................................................................... 59 3.4 Financiering en beheer van voedselbossen ...................................................................................... 59 4. Discussie .............................................................................................................................................. 62 4.1 Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid resultaten ........................................................................................ 62 4.2 Ontwikkeling voedselbossen in Nederland ....................................................................................... 63 4.3 Plantensoorten in voedselbossen ..................................................................................................... 64 4.4 Beoordeling (uitheemse) soorten door initiatiefnemers of andere betrokkenen ............................ 64 4.5 Risico’s uitheemse soorten voor biodiversiteit en ecosystemen ..................................................... 65 4.6 Risico’s voedselbossoorten voor volksgezondheid ........................................................................... 66 4.7 Overige ongewenste effecten ........................................................................................................... 67 4.8 Risicobeheersing door voedselbosbouwers en beleidsmakers ........................................................ 67 4.9 Kennishiaten ..................................................................................................................................... 68 4 5. Conclusies en aanbevelingen .............................................................................................................. 71 5.1 Conclusies ......................................................................................................................................... 71 5.2 Aanbevelingen voor beheer .............................................................................................................. 74 5.3 Aanbevelingen voor beleid ............................................................................................................... 74 5.4 Aanbevelingen voor verder onderzoek ............................................................................................. 75 6. Dankwoord .......................................................................................................................................... 76 7. Referenties .......................................................................................................................................... 77 Bijlagen ...................................................................................................................................................
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