DOCSLIB.ORG

Focus 193: Unconventional Gas Is Here

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Focus 193: Unconventional Gas Is Here NUMBER 193 | DECEMBER 2015 UNCONVENTIONAL GAS IS HERE IT PRESENTS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SOUND POLICIES AND PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE, BASED ON FACT – NOT FEAR – ARE KEY TO BALANCING PROSPERITY AND ENVIRONMENT AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING™ The Academy’s inaugural National Technology Challenges Dialogue is a two-day event in Sydney on 15 and 16 June, 2016. Agribusiness 2030 is an exciting opportunity to exchange ideas Importantly, this event also highlight’s ATSE’s consistent between the nation’s most eminent entrepreneurs, decision commitment to leading the public discussion on Australia’s makers, government officials, researchers, academics and future prosperity with a focus on using the best of Australian and business leaders, who will explore: international technologies to address our national challenges. n the future of agribusiness in the digital age It also incorporates ATSE’s Annual Innovation Dinner on n how this will play-out domestically and globally 15 June where the Clunies Ross Awards for innovation n the opportunities and challenges this offers Australia. commercialisation will be presented. These exciting awards bring together Australia’s top leaders and innovators from research, industry and government and provide a valuable networking opportunity at the nation’s premier annual awards for innovation commercialisation. Dialogue details and registration will, be available on the ATSE website early in 2016. Save the date – 15/16 June 2016 – Agribusiness 2030 AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING™ ATSE_Ag_Conf16.indd 1 30/11/2015 11:41 AM DECEMBER 2015 | FOCUS Contents 13 Time for a new approach to Massive challenges, the social licence issue but we must meet them 16 Science is key to future onshore gas development 3 By Craig Simmons 19 Regulatory reforms required for unconventional gas 23 Alan Finkel is new Chief Scientist Looking after our 24 New leaders for ATSE Forums land and water 24 Rethinking Australian 8 urban transport By John Williams & Ann Milligan 25 New technologies are agribusiness key 25 Name change and graphic upgrade for ATSE The opportunities 29 Collaboration trumps and challenges for complexity in additive 11 manufacturing unconventional gas 40 ATSE in Focus By Peter Cook & Vaughan Beck Front cover photo: 123rf.com PUBLISHER CEO: Dr Margaret Hartley FTSE Editor: Bill Mackey Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and ATSE Focus is produced to stimulate discussion and public policy initiatives on key topics of interest to the Engineering (ATSE) Academy and the nation. Many articles are contributed by ATSE Fellows with expertise in these areas. Opinion Address: articles will be considered for publication. Items between 800 and 1400 words are preferred. Please address Level 1, 1 Bowen Crescent, Melbourne comments, suggested topics and article for publication to [email protected]. Postal Address: GPO Box 4055, Melbourne, Victoria 3001 Deadline for the receipt of copy for next edition of Focus is 15 January 2016. Telephone: 03 9864 0900 Facsimile: 03 9864 0930 Email: [email protected] COPYRIGHT This publication contains copyright material. Some of the material is owned by Australian Academy of ACN 008 520 394 Technological Sciences and Engineering Ltd ACN 008 520 394 (ATSE) and some material is owned by others. ABN 58 008 520 394 All copyright and other intellectual property rights in the materials remain with the owner. No material in this Print Post Publication No 341403/0025 publication may be copied (except as legally allowed) or further disseminated without the express and written ISSN 1326-8708 permission of the holder of that copyright, with the exception of copying for educational purposes. Design and production: Copyright © ATSE 2015 Coretext 03 9670 1168 www.coretext.com.au www.atse.org.au 1 DECEMBER 2015 | FOCUS BY CRAIG SIMMONS [email protected] Massive challenges, but we must meet them UNCONVENTIONAL GAS We need a much greater effort to quantify the likelihood of ‘something bad’ happening due to ‘fracking’ or coal seam gas extraction, and over what time and spatial scales it may occur. Coal seam gas (CSG) and ‘fracking’ are fighting words C in Australia and in many countries around the world. They badge one of the most contentious, controversial and emotive issues of our time. There are legitimate public concerns about what impact CSG and fracking may have on human health and the environment. There are myriad complex social, economic and environmental factors at play. The potential for unconventional hydrocarbon development both in Australia and overseas is enormous. Obviously energy ISTOCK PHOTO: market supply and demand issues will control A complex social, environmental and economic issue. how these resources are ultimately developed into the future. Coal seam gas and the associated extract them. Fluids used for gas fracking or disposed of via injection into aquifers. fracking process are part of what we broadly are usually about 90 per cent water, 9.5 per Depressurisation of the water in the refer to as ‘unconventional hydrocarbon cent material such as sand, and 0.5 per cent aquifer is a key part of the CSG production development’. These gases and hydrocarbons other chemicals. These chemicals aid the process because this allows the gas to are called ‘unconventional’ because unlike fracking process in several ways – reducing be released from pores and fractures in their conventional counterparts, the gas friction and distributing the sand that props the rock. The ‘produced’ water will vary in does not rise naturally and become trapped fractures open, preventing bacterial growth characteristics such as volume, quality and beneath a seal. Rather, the gas is trapped in (which can gum up the cracks in the rock), flow rates depending on how the gas is situ, held within the pores and cracks in the inhibiting scale and corrosion in the casing produced, the wetness of the source rocks, rock under water pressure. and cleaning. and the geology type. Unconventional gas – coal seam gas, But it is this chemical concoction that is Arguably the greatest public concern shale gas and tight gas – are variations on a at the very heart of public concerns regarding related to water impacts is fracking and the theme. There are some similarities but there fracking and coal seam gas production. use of chemical additives that potentially are also some key differences. They vary in Water is an absolutely critical part of contaminate freshwater supplies. Fracking their geology type, the depth of the geologic each and every part of the unconventional has been used since 1947 across all areas layers, and the permeability of the rock. gas extraction process – from production of oil and gas production and, to date, the In some, but not all, cases hydraulic through to potential impacts. It is used technology has been used in some 2.5 million fracturing is used to break up the rock and for drilling and fracking and to enhance wells worldwide. The Wall Street Journal increase the permeability of the rock so additional production in many formations. It reported that fracking accounted for 49 per that these gases may flow to a production is withdrawn when producing the gas, it must cent of US oil production and 54 per cent of well, making it easier and cheaper to be stored or reused in the form of wastewater, natural gas output last February. www.atse.org.au 3 FOCUS | DECEMBER 2015 Hydraulic fracturing is a mature ¢ environmental damage and pollution baseline monitoring. People are still worried technology but the extensive use of caused by many thousands of vehicle trips whether the chemicals used have undergone drilling, the cocktail of chemicals and the to gas wells to deliver water and chemicals, proper health and safety testing. scale of operations make unconventional as well as surface spills and land clearing; Fracking risk depends not only on the gas production novel in many countries. ¢ competition and tension among chemicals used but also on local conditions Public interest and concern about fracking alternative land uses, including farming; of geology and groundwater, as no two wells continues to run high around the world. ¢ a new industry with many uncertainties are the same. Numerous US cities and local and unknowns; The public issues are a broad and hugely governments have banned it. Germany, ¢ large scale and significance of production complex, interacting and competing range France, Scotland, Wales and Luxembourg projects; of difficult social, economic, environmental, have bans or moratoria on its use. ¢ long production timeframes; political, legal and governance matters. There is a long list of public concerns ¢ cumulative impacts of multiple projects or Science is necessary but insufficient in about and technical risks in unconventional wells and difficulty managing them; advancing or solving such problems. There gas production: ¢ immature science, regulation, compliance are many other psychosocial factors at play. ¢ potential contamination of groundwater and monitoring; Novelty (whether mining is new or old from fracking chemicals and released ¢ weaknesses in public consultation; in a region) and financial compensation methane; ¢ water issues managed outside normal are among the many factors that will ¢ leakage of methane gas and its impact on water allocation processes; and be important determinants in social climate change; ¢ piecemeal (partial) approval processes acceptability. ¢ potential toxicity of the 600+ chemicals when a whole-of-landscape
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2015 Scanning Electron Microscopy Samples Undergoing Preparation at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility at AIBN
    AIBNAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Annual Report 2015 Scanning electron microscopy samples undergoing preparation at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis facility at AIBN. 2 - AIBN Annual Report 2015 AIBN Annual Report 2015 Vice-Chancellor and President’s Message 2 Discoveries and collaborations 28 MERS antibody building on Hendra virus work 30 Director’s Message 3 Cheaper, cleaner production of carbon fibre 31 AIBN Board 4 Getting biomarkers out of the skin Scientific Advisory Committee 5 with Micropatches 32 AIBN Research 6 High performance cluster boosts Alexandrov Group research capabilities 33 Synthetic biology drives diagnostic care 8 Self-assembled nanocapsules deliver results 34 Bernhardt Group Using theoretical and computational science Fast, cheap and easy to use for nanomaterials and fluids 9 tuberculosis screening 35 Cooper-White Group IAP removes barriers between academia Biomaterials development and discovery for and industry 36 regenerative medicine 10 AIBN Early-/Mid-Career Support Program 37 Gray Group Funding and recognition 38 Mammalian cell expression and bulk stem cell Australian Research Council funding 40 cultivation 11 National Health and Medical Research Council 41 Halley Group Biopolymers and starch for a Fellowships fuel research opportunities 42 cheaper, cleaner future 12 Awards highlight scientific excellence 43 Kendall Group Newly awarded research funding Gene and drug delivery and diagnostics commencing in 2015 44 through the skin 13 Facilities and infrastructure 46 Mahler
    [Show full text]
  • National Portrait Gallery of Australia Annual Report 18/19
    National Portrait Gallery of Australia Annual Report 18/19 Study of Louis Nowra 2018 by Imants Tillers commissioned with funds provided by Tim Bednall, Jillian Broadbent ao, John Kaldor ao and Naomi Milgrom ao, Anna Meares 2018 by Narelle Autio commissioned with funds provided by King & Wood Mallesons and Li Cunxin 2017–18 by Jun Chen commissioned with funds provided by Tim Fairfax ac. On display as part of the 20/20: Celebrating twenty years with twenty new portrait commissions exhibition. b National Portrait Gallery of Australia Annual Report 18/19 © National Portrait Gallery The National Portrait Gallery is located on of Australia 2019 King Edward Terrace in the Parliamentary Zone of Canberra. issn 2204-0811 Location and opening hours All rights reserved. No part of this publication The National Portrait Gallery is situated in front may be reproduced or transmitted in any form of the High Court and alongside the National or by any means, electronic or mechanical Gallery of Australia. The Gallery is open daily (including photocopying, recording or any from 10.00am to 5.00pm, except for Christmas information storage and retrieval system), Day 25, December. For more information visit without permission from the publisher. portrait.gov.au All photographs unless otherwise stated Parking by Mark Mohell. The underground public car park can be accessed from Parkes Place. The car park is open seven This report is also accessible on the days per week and closes at 5.30pm. Parking National Portrait Gallery’s website spaces for people with mobility difficulties are portrait.gov.au provided in the car park close to the public access lifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Hansard Report
    2020/2021 SESSION of the BERMUDA SENATE OFFICIAL HANSARD REPORT 24 MARCH 2021 Virtual Sitting Sitting10 of the 2020/2021 Session (pages 205–274) Sen. The Hon. Joan E. Dillas-Wright, MBE, JP President Disclaimer: The electronic version of the Official Hansard Report is for informational purposes only. The printed version remains the official record. Official Hansard Report 24 March 2021 205 BERMUDA SENATE OFFICIAL HANSARD REPORT VIRTUAL SITTING 24 MARCH 2021 10:08 AM Sitting Number 10 of the 2020/21 Session [Sen. the Hon. Joan E. Dillas-Wright, President, pre- MESSAGE FROM HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY siding] APPROPRIATION ACT 2021 The President: Good morning, Senators, and the lis- tening audience. The Senate is in session. The Clerk: Yes, we do, Madam President. Shall we pray? The message is number 9, and the message reads: PRAYERS “To the Honourable the President and Mem- bers of the Senate: The House of Assembly has the [Prayers read by Sen. the Hon. Joan E. Dillas-Wright, honour to forward herewith the undernoted Bill for the President] concurrence of your House, the Appropriation Act 2021. Copies of the Estimates of Revenue and Ex- CONFIRMATION OF MINUTES penditure for 2021/22 are also forwarded for the in- [Minutes of 3 March 2021] formation of your House.” And that is signed by the Speaker, the Hon- The President: The second item on our agenda is the ourable Dennis P. Lister, [Jr.] JP, MP, and dated confirmation of minutes, Senator Michelle Simmons. March 22, 2021. Sen. Michelle Simmons: Good morning, Madam The President: Thank you, Mr. Somner.
    [Show full text]
  • Prof. Colin Raston
    Colin Raston, Ph.D ([email protected]) Professor Clean Technology, College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Adelaide, Australia Colin Raston is a Professor in Clean Technology, at Flinders University. He completed a PhD at the University of Western Australia, and after postdoctoral studies at the University of Sussex he was appointed a lecturer at The University of Western Australia (1981) then to positions as Professor of Chemistry at Griffith University (1988), Monash University (1995), The University of Leeds (2001), and The University of Western Australia (2003). He is a former President, Queensland Branch President, and Chair of the Inorganic Division, of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI). He has received the RACI’s Green Chemistry Challenge Award, the H.G. Smith Award for the most distinguished contribution to research in chemistry in Australia in the previous ten years, the Burrows Award for distinguished research in inorganic chemistry, and the Leighton Memorial Award for outstanding contributions to the profession. In 2015 he shared the Ig Nobel Prize in Chemistry with colleagues at the University of California, Irvine and the University of Western Australia, in 2016 he was Appointed an Officer in of the Order of Australia, and 2018 he was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. Prof Raston is former recipient of an Australian Research Council Special Investigator Award, two Senior Research Fellowships and two Australian Professorial Fellowships. His current research covers clean technology and green chemistry, nanotechnology and self-assembly, and is currently on the editorial advisory board of the international journals Green Chemistry, Crystal Growth and Design and Nature’s Scientific Reports.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2011 the University of New South Wales
    Annual Report 2011 The University of New South Wales Never Stand Still The Tyree Energy Technologies Building is our new home for interdisciplinary energy research and teaching under the umbrella of the Australian Energy Research Institute. This state of the art, 6 Star Green Star building was supported by $75 million in funding from the Federal Government and a major philanthropic donation from UNSW alumnus Sir William Tyree. Photos: Maja Baska and Paul Henderson-Kelly THE WORLD IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING AND EVER SURPRISING. WE’RE FOCUSED ON FINDING SOLUTIONS TO THE BIG ISSUES OF THE 21ST CENTURY. UNSW. NEVER STAND STILL. Contents UNSW Annual Report – Volume 01 02 Message from the Chancellor & Vice-Chancellor 05 At a glance 06 Snapshot 08 Year in review 12 Governance 15 Research 23 Student Experience 31 Community Engagement 39 Capabilities & Resources 46 Leadership The University’s 2011 Financial & Statutory reports are in Volume 02. Cover Photo: MajaCover Photo: Baska Message from the Chancellor & Vice-Chancellor This has been an outstanding year for UNSW. The many achievements covered in this report would have been impossible without the efforts of our talented students and staff, and to them we extend a warm ‘thank you and well done’. The quality of our research was recognised with top ratings in the inaugural Excellence in Research for Australia report, which evaluated research in the nation’s higher education institutions. UNSW was the top-ranking university in NSW and fourth nationally, with the report assessing our performances in all broad fields of research as at, or above, world standard. In addition, we maintained our place among the world’s top 50 universities in the QS rankings, confirming our standing as a leading research-intensive university.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Activities 2010 ABN 76 470 896 415
    The Royal Society of New South Wales Report of Activities 2010 ABN 76 470 896 415 The Royal Society of New South Wales is one of the oldest learned societies in the southern hemisphere. Its main function is to promote science in all its aspects, and to link the disciplines of science to each other and to other elements of human endeavour. Membership of The Royal Society of New South Wales is open to anyone interested in the pursuit of these ideals. The special category of Student Member encourages science scholarship, especially among the young. THE SOCIETY’S FAMOUS MEMBERS The Clarke Medal Awarded since 1878 for distinguished HISTORY harles Darwin was elected a work in the natural sciences, recipients Cmember of the Royal Society have included Professor Thomas The Royal Society of New South of New Wales in 1879. His letter of Huxley in 1880, Baron Ferdinand von Wales was established as the acceptance to the Society is one of the Müller in 1883, Professor Sir Edgeworth Philosophical Society of Australasia significant items in our collection of David in 1917 and Sir Douglas Mawson on 27 June 1821. Australia’s scientific heritage. in 1936. t was the first scientific society in the Lawrence Hargrave, Australia’s Colony of New South Wales, and was I pioneering flight researcher, was a The Edgeworth David Medal formed ‘with a view to inquiring into member of the Royal Society of New the various branches of physical science This medal has been awarded since of this vast continent [Australia] and its South Wales and published all his 1948 for distinguished contributions to adjacent regions’.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of the History of Australasian Science, No. 39, 2017/8
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Historical Records of Australian Science, 2019, 30, 66–81 https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19901 Bibliography of the history of Australasian science, no. 39, 2017/8 Compiled by Helen M. Cohn eScholarship Research Centre, The University of Melbourne. Email: [email protected] Readers of this, the 40th bibliography, will note from the title that it covers material published in both 2017 and 2018. With the change in publication from June and December to January and July, there were inevitably a considerable number of items that could not be included in the previous bibliography: included here are publications issued between the latter part of 2017 and September of the following year, as well as some items from 2016 that, despite her best efforts, had managed to escape the attention of the compiler. The subject coverage is, as usual, Australia and its near neighbours (including Antarctica), and the natural and applied sciences in their broadest sense, from anthropology and astrophysics to zoology. In compiling the bibliography a large number of journals and websites are checked for citations to relevant articles, books and book reviews on subjects covered. Library resources were again most useful, particularly those at The University of Melbourne and the State Library of Victoria. The databases of the National Library of Australia and the National Library of New Zealand Te Papa Ma¯tauranga O Aotearoa, also were invaluable in the pursuit of significant publications. The compiler is most grateful to these readers and authors who alerted her to new publications. Often those people are aware of sources unknown to the compiler.
    [Show full text]
  • Meet Our New Deans Creative and Innovative Thinking Will Be Their Driving Force
    UNIKEN WINTER 2016 Meet our new Deans Creative and innovative thinking will be their driving force OUT OF THE SHADOWS Shining a light on refugee life on Nauru and Manus BIRDS OF A FEATHER Tracking waterbirds one plume at a time Winter 2016 Cover story 14 Meet the Deans From the President and Vice-Chancellor Features Welcome to the Winter 7 Trapping the light fantastic issue of UNSW magazine. 8 Building resilience 10 Out of the shadows 12 The rocketeers Our cover story profiles our three account of what is happening inside Seeing red 16 newest faculty leaders in the Built Australia’s offshore detention centres and 18 The machine doctors Environment, Arts & Social Sciences is a must-read for anyone with an interest and Law. You will enjoy reading what in forging a new, and more humane, way The bottom line 19 they have to say about how creativity of treating asylum seekers. 20 A funny thing happened on and innovation will be the driving Our students are also having an the way to the checkout force behind their implementation impact. I am excited to read about the of the University’s 2025 Strategy. work of entrepreneur and aeronautical New ways of thinking will become engineering student Solange Cunin, increasingly important as we seek to who has teamed up with hundreds of Arts fulfill our aim to be among the world’s NSW high school students to make best research and teaching intensive history by sending Australia’s first 21 To Sydney with love universities. One researcher who illustrates scientific payload to the International 22 Birds of a feather this mindset is Mike Manefield, from the Space Station.
    [Show full text]
  • New Technologies and Their Role in Australia's Security, Cultural, Democratic, Social A
    At last – a narrative for Australia For many years we have debated where we are heading as a nation. We have been fortunate to have had a relatively prosperous and happy existence and tend to think that this is a direct result of our abundance of minerals and our agricultural production. While our prosperity has been dependent on resources it has only worked because we have been world class in our production techniques and the technology and scientific research that sits behind them. Make no mistake, Australia is not alone in having huge quantities of iron ore: Brazil has just as much and it is generally higher grade. We compete against the world for our economic success. But what of the future? We seem to have no clear narrative other than that as a small nation we must compete against the rest of the world. And the future can be frightening when one notes the way technology is utterly changing the landscape. Some of the wilder predictions suggest that by 2030, 80% of all jobs will be in firms or institutions that don’t exist now. Aviva Rutkin writing in the MIT Technology Journal1 on the jobs of the future suggested that around half of all currently existing jobs in the USA would be automated by 2030. The good news of course is that while technology is destroying jobs it is also creating jobs. Our narrative then is clear: we must pursue innovation through technology as the main contributor to our future prosperity and happiness. The new jobs generated will allow us to compete with the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Programme
    Technical Programme International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies 2009 ICMAT 2009 AND IONAL U ERNAT NION INT OF International Union of Materials Research Societies- M A S TE TIE RIA CIE LS RESEARCH SO International Conference in Asia 2009 IUMRS - ICA 2009 28 June - 3 July 2009, Singapore Suntec Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre www.mrs.org.sg Conference Organisation Principal Advisor SHIH Choon Fong, King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia Chairman B. V. R. CHOWDARI, National University of Singapore, Singapore Co-Chairmen LIM Seh Chun, National University of Singapore, Singapore Freddy BOEY, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Secretary CHIA Ching Kean, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore Technical Chair FENG Yuan Ping, National University of Singapore, Singapore Treasurer DING Jun, National University of Singapore, Singapore Joint Treasurer Gregory GOH, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore Materials Research Society of Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 Tel: (65) 6874 1975 Fax: (65) 6777 2393 Email: [email protected] ICMAT 2009 and IUMRS - ICA 2009 Technical Programme Preface ICMAT 2009 is the 5th in the series of the “International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies” organized by the Materials Research Society of Singapore (MRS-S). It is held together with the International Union of Materials Research Societies’ (IUMRS) International Conference in Asia (IUMRS – ICA 2009). Similar to the previous four conferences in this series, this conference is also organized in association with the National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), and the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), with the support of A*STAR and many other national and international organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • High Shear Spheroidal Topological Fluid Flow Induced Coating of Polystyrene Beads with C60 Cite This: Chem
    ChemComm View Article Online COMMUNICATION View Journal | View Issue High shear spheroidal topological fluid flow induced coating of polystyrene beads with C60 Cite this: Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 5638 spicules† Received 29th October 2020, Accepted 16th March 2021 Matt Jellicoe, Kasturi Vimalanathan, Jason R. Gascooke, Xuan Luo and Colin L. Raston * DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07165j rsc.li/chemcomm Spheroidal spicular like topological fluid flow in an angled vortex fluidic surface of the tube, and the so called signature of a liquid.7 The device (VFD) housing a 20 mm diameter tube with a hemispherical base latteristhesumoftheeffectsofthechangeintemperature,film rotating at 4k rpm and tilted at 458 is effective in reducing the thickness and mixing time as a function of rotational speed, o.7 thermodynamic equilibrium concentration of fullerene C60 in toluene, These collective studies established three different types of topo- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. with the formation of spicules of the material under continuous flow logical fluid flow in the VFD for a 20 mm OD (17.5 mm ID) quartz processing. Under the same operational conditions in the presence of tube with a hemispherical base (and similarly for a 10 mm OD polystyrene beads 2 to 6 lm in diameter, spicules of C60 ca. 150 nm in tube), Fig. 1(a), namely (i) Coriolis circular flow (diameter = dC) length grow on their surfaces. This establishes that the spheroidal from the hemispherical base of the tube, (ii) double helical flow topological fluid flow in the VFD prevails while enveloping spheroidal (diameter = dDH) arising from eddies generated by the Faraday like particles of such size.
    [Show full text]
  • Science: Inspiring the Next Generation
    October 20141 Volume 13 Issue 5 The ACE forum for policy, research and practice in education Science: Inspiring the next generation Is it time to start reconceptualising maths and science teacher education? The place of science in early years 2 CONTENTS Challenges and opportunities for 4 Australian Science ABN 96 562 879 327 education Published for the Australian College of Educators by Studio 131 Editor Paola Ghirelli [email protected] Border crossings Editorial assistance to the science Dr Elaine Blake (FACE) 15 & Ms Kira Clarke (MACE) sub-culture Publications working group Advertising P: 03 9035 5473 F: 03 9341 6021 [email protected] ACE membership Toward a carbon P: 03 9035 5473 F: 03 9341 6021 neutral school [email protected] 17 www.austcolled.com.au Australian College of Educators PO Box 73, Carlton VIC 3053 P: 03 9035 5473 F: 03 9341 6021 Publisher’s note © Copyright. No part of this publication 03 Editorial Stephen Dinham can be used or reproduced in any format without express permission in writing from Is it time to start reconceptualising maths and science the Australian College of Educators. The 08 mention of a product or service, person teacher education? Jenny Pesina & Geraldine Carroll or company in this publication, does not indicate the publisher’s endorsement. The 12 The place of science in early years Christine Howitt views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the opinion of the 21 Science: Inspiring the next generation Ian Chubb publisher, its agents, company officers or
    [Show full text]