Getting to the Future First

Susan Greenfield Thinker in Residence 2004-2005 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Getting to the Future First

Prepared by Baroness Professor Susan Greenfi eld

Department of the Premier and Cabinet c/- GPO Box 2343 Adelaide SA 5001

January 2006

©All rights reserved – Crown – in right of the State of South Australia

ISBN 0-9752027-7-4

www.thinkers.sa.gov.au

1 Baroness Professor Foreword Susan Greenfi eld

Baroness Professor Susan Greenfi eld is a Baroness Professor Susan Greenfi eld is making She has put forward a number of other pioneering scientist, an entrepreneur, a an outstanding contribution to South Australia valuable ideas as part of the recommendations communicator of science and a policy adviser. – and the public’s understanding of science. in this report, which I commend to all those interested in improving science literacy and Susan has long been regarded as a world- She came to us with a reputation as being awareness. leading expert on the human brain, and is one of the most infl uential and inspirational widely known for her research into Parkinson’s women in the world – as both a pioneering I thank Baroness Greenfi eld for her hard work and Alzheimer’s disease. She has received a life scientist and a gifted communicator. and generosity of spirit, and for continuing to peerage and a CBE in the United Kingdom. make a difference to South Australia. While in Adelaide, as our Thinker in Residence, Susan is the fi rst woman to lead the she shared her insights into the human brain prestigious Royal Institution of Great Britain – how it works, how it copes with ageing and and also holds the positions of Senior Research how it responds to drugs, for example. Fellow, Lincoln College, Oxford and Honorary Fellow at St Hilda’s College, Oxford. Susan successfully took her message to the The following partners and sponsors widest possible audience, including children, Mike Rann were involved in Baroness Professor Baroness Professor Susan Greenfi eld is an teachers, health professionals and community Premier of South Australia Susan Greenfi eld’s residency: outstanding communicator and a signifi cant groups. contributor to the public understanding of Department of the Premier and Cabinet science – she is the author of best-sellers The Her brilliant lecture at the Adelaide Convention Human Brain: A Guided Tour, Brain Story and Centre early in her residency showed that Bio Innovation SA Tomorrow’s People: How 21st Century Technology science can be presented in a compelling Flinders University Is Changing the Way We Think and Feel among and entertaining fashion, and that South others. Susan has presented numerous Australians have a thirst for such public forums. The University of Adelaide television and radio programs, including a The University of South Australia major six part series on the brain and mind, Most importantly, Baroness Greenfi eld used her Brain Story broadcast on the BBC and the ABC. time in South Australia to instigate a number Department of Education and of science-related programs that will be of Children’s Services long-term benefi t to the State. These included: Department for Families and Communities the Australian Science Media Centre, which was launched in August 2005; a project designed Department of Health to “twin” scientists with teachers; the Science Outside The Square series of public events; and the creation of a Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience specifi cally for teachers.

2 3 Contents Introduction

Chapter 1 – Thinking About Science 6 VII. Health and Community Services 46 My residency was essentially an exploration I shall argue that only if science is at the heart 46 of ways in which science can escape from of the community, driving initiatives in other Objective 1: Growing Prosperity 7 a. Seminars on the Young Brain b. Volunteering for Science 48 the ivory tower agenda of university research sectors with which it traditionally has had only 2 12 Objective : Well-Being c. Open Day on Ageing 49 and thus be seen to add value to sectors with a tangential relationship, then, and only then, Objective 3: Attaining Sustainability 16 which science and scientists are not normally will we have a sustainable way forward for the associated. 21st Century and beyond. Objective 4: Fostering Creativity 18 Chapter 4 – Building Capability 5 20 Objective : Building Communities and Infrastructure 51 Over the two instalments of my residency Objective 6: Expanding Opportunities 22 (June–August 2004 and July–August VIII. Continuing Training for Teachers 51 Initiatives 2005) it has been possible to identify ten 52 Chapter 2 – Achieving Momentum IX. Australian Science Media Centre recommendations/initiatives to enhance I Bragg Initiative 25 X. Science Infrastructure and Research 57 the quality of life in South Australia. These II Oxford Centre for Science of the Mind Through Collaboration III James Martin 21st Century School a. Improved Liaison with Premier 57 ten initiatives range from being centred on I. Bragg Initiative 28 individuals and institutions requiring relatively IV Science Outside the Square b. Improved Liaison between the 29 small means, through to resource heavy V Twinning Scientists & Teacher a. Bragg about Adelaide - Exhibition Three Universities 58 initiatives that could have a long-lasting iconic Program b. Spirit of Science - Bursaries 32 61 c. Improved Liaison with Private Sector legacy for South Australia, both nationally and VI Women in Science, Engineering and 33 c. Bragg Documentary d. Beyond Start-Ups – Focus on Industry internationally. Technology d. Davy-Faraday Laboratory 33 Building 63 VII Health and Community Services VIII Continuing Training for Teachers e. ‘Dawn to Dusk’ 34 e. Florey Precinct 65 Some of these initiatives are already in train. Those which are more ambitious to implement IX Australian Science Media Centre f. World Science Assembly 34 f. Attracting Scientists to South Australia 66 will come into fruition over the next few years. X Science Infrastructure and Research g. Science Corps 35 II. Oxford Centre for the Science of the Mind 36 Chapter 5 – From Creativity The funds required for these initiatives are III. James Martin 21st Century School 36 to Innovation 68 drawn from a variety of sources and certainly do not depend solely on the government. 3 The Ten Initiatives: Strategies for The main thrust of the residency is to attract Chapter – Developing People Implementation 70 scientists to South Australia and to retain the And Communities 39 Last Words (for now) 77 brightest and best who are already here. In this IV. Science Outside The Square 39 way South Australia will not only perpetuate its image of being an intellectual hub for the 42 V. Twinning Scientists With Teachers Acknowledgements 79 rest of the country, but indeed be seen as part VI. Women in Science, Engineering Appendix 1: Collaborations between the of a far-sighted global vanguard embracing and Technology 45 Three South Australian Universities 81 the advantages of the science and technology Appendix 2: Developmental Timeline industries for the increased prosperity of all its of Australian Science Media Centre 89 citizens. Appendix 3: Science Advisory Panel of Australian Science Media Centre 90 Appendix 4: Media Coverage 92 Appendix 5: Websites 98 4 5 Chapter 1

Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

The basic brief of the Thinkers in Residence The Underlying Rationale Science and Politics A good place to start is with the March 2004 Scheme is ‘To Assist with the Strategic of this Report South Australia’s Strategic Plan: Creating Development and Promotion of South What are the barriers preventing politicians Opportunity: Moving Forward Together. This Australia’. Science, increasingly, is touching everything and scientists working effectively together? document has provided the blueprint for six that we cherish, be it the environment, First, politicians plan on a relatively short-term objectives. Looking at each in turn, it is easy to Surely there can be no better place to start nutrition, reproduction or the climate. And yet basis, according to the dictates of their offi ce, see how science could and should inform every with this broad goal than with science, many still think of science as the indulgence of around three to four years at a time. Scientists, single goal. technology and engineering, encapsulated a small minority of dysfunctional nerds locked on the other hand, have to think in the long from here on in the one term, ‘science’. The away in the ivory tower of their universities, term, and about the implications of their Objective 1: Growing Prosperity following headings describe the terms of metaphorically and often literally on the research. Scientifi c experiments are capricious, Objective 2: Well-being reference of my residence. outskirts of society. Sometimes scientists time-consuming and rarely defi nitive. It will Objective 3: Attaining Sustainability are demonised by the public, often based on typically take years for an in-depth study, Objective 4: Fostering Creativity Promotion and Infl uence ignorance or misinformation. describing a complete story, to be completed. Objective 5: Building Communities To promote South Australia and Adelaide Objective 6: Expanding Opportunity locally, nationally and internationally and The aim of this report, a distillation of the The next problem is that politicians are, of increase awareness of science and its deliberations of the two instalments of my course, accountable to the public. Until now, Objective 1: Growing Prosperity importance to the community and the residency (June–August 2004 and July–August scientists haven’t really needed to report Science and technology are at the heart of economy. 2005), is to rethink science as a central activity directly to the taxpayer: instead, scientists on prosperity in the 21st Century in both a broad not just for scientists but for the general public. the whole are accountable to each other in a and specifi c sense. Broadly, we are shifting Science and Society ‘peer review’ system of grant evaluation and from the industrial age towards an economy To stimulate inward investment and wealth I shall argue that only if science is at the heart publication of papers. Hence, the scientifi c based on diverse knowledges and technologies. creation by developing strategies to increase of the community, driving initiatives in other community traditionally suffers from isolation: The growing role of technology is refl ected the capacity of education, health and sectors with which it traditionally has had only they need only to talk to each other because in economic performance. Trade in high- community service professionals to incorporate a tangential relationship, then, and only then, what matters most to scientists is convincing technology goods, such as aircraft, computers, the latest understandings of how the mind and will we have a sustainable way forward for the colleagues about the veracity and validity of pharmaceuticals and scientifi c instruments, the brain work into their practices. 21st Century and beyond. their data. Thus accountability to the public accounted for over 25% of total trade in 2000 is still a relative novelty for scientists and and 2001, up already from less than 20% in the Neuroscience and Bioscience Strategy As the astronomer Carl Sagan warned, universities. early 1990s. To develop strategies to identify South ‘It is suicide to live in a society dependent Australia’s competitive strengths in on science and technology, where nobody In this regard, South Australia is no different More specifi cally an issue explored in this neuroscience, to promote these strengths understands anything about science and from other communities. I was frequently told report is the considerable potential gain to within the State, and to nationally and technology’. when I fi rst arrived, how lucky I was ‘to have the be made from investing in scientifi c research. internationally build on its capability in ear of the Premier’. Given the small size of the For example, recent fi gures published by the neuroscience, through the establishment population, and the fact that the majority of Australian Government’s Investment Review of of an Institute for Neuroscience. To develop scientists, and indeed politicians, are working Health & Medical Research show considerable strategies to increase the commercialisation within the CBD of Adelaide, such a perception returns (Fig 1). of public sector bioscience research for the of disconnection is particularly unfortunate. economic benefi t of South Australia.

6 7 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Figure 1 Returns on Health and Medical Research by Major Health Area, 1999 Figure 2 Success in Commercialisation

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Moreover, the last decade or so has seen a huge display screens called sequential lateral growth in the spinning out of high-tech and solidifi cation (SLS); a co-transformation process biotech companies often, but not exclusively, that creates new proteins to develop new drugs from universities. used to treat heart and stroke problems, breast cancer, cystic fi brosis, anaemia, multiple sclerosis, A typical example of prosperity arising from the rheumatoid arthritis, infertility and haemophilia; intellectual capital of universities is Columbia the number one treatment for glaucoma in the University. Having earned $1 billion in royalties, United States; an antibody approved for Crohn’s license fees and research payments since 1984 disease and others. when it set up its tech transfer offi ce, it has taken a lead in the shaping of the consortium’s broad By comparison, the combined value of Oxford's social objectives. It has reinvested its earnings spin-out companies has reached only £2 billion, into research that furthers broad technological, using quoted market capitalisations and investor scientifi c and social advances that improve the valuations for unquoted companies. Meanwhile, quality of life. Columbia research has been crucial according to the Australian government’s to the development of an array of technologies: ‘Investment Review of Health & Medical the digital video compression standard Research’, the growth in Australian biotech MPEG-2; a laser-based process to revolutionize companies, is escalating (Fig 2). The number of semiconductor manufacture and fl at-panel Australian biotech companies has increased at 16% per annum to 350 from 1992 to 2003. 8 9 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Yet so far, South Australia has under-performed Without doubt science will drive the most and needs to increase both private and profi table industries in the next few decades. SA Case Study public investments in science research. South If South Australia is to benefi t from this shift Bio Innovation SA Australia’s piece of the national Health and to high-tech and science based industries Medical Research Council Funding pie has internationally, nationally and within the www.bioinnovationsa.com.au per capita, of biotechnology companies in 1 decreased over the last two years (see Fig State, it must strengthen its base not only Australia as well as per $ billion GSP. Overall, Bio Innovation SA ably demonstrates 3). Similarly the percentage of ARC Grants in the private sector, but also provide the the bioscience sector currently generates how to facilitate commercialisation from more than $165 million in revenue, employs awarded to SA Universities is small. maximal opportunity for developing innovative biotechnology research out of academic more than 1000 people and contributes 14% technology through investments in its institutions. of the total SA business R&D expenditure. universities which must be made to facilitate and catalyse activity. In turn, the quality of Established in June 2001 by the South In 2004-5, Bio Innovation SA revised its science research within the three universities Australian Government, Bio Innovation grant programs in response to industry will depend on retaining and attracting the SA coordinates and manages bioscience requirements, with grants available to local best scientifi c talent. activities across the State. Its mission research institutes and local bioscience is to accelerate the development of the companies across three key areas - Figure 3 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) local industry by creating the commercial, intellectual property commercialisation; and Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding 2000–2005 fi nancial and scientifi c environment for 50 human resources; and infrastructure. To new bioscience companies and 2500 new date $1.7 million has been provided through 2000-05 NHMRC Funding by State jobs in 10 years. these revised programs leveraging a further 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 $2.3 million from private and public sources. Total $19,075,461 $23,640,277 $27,492,950 $38,544,216 $29,344,481 $31,174,473 Bio Innovation SA has focused on company SA formation and employment generation and Currently, nearly 20 bioscience companies has established itself as the focal point for and over 350 people are located in the Total $171,304,726 $214,910,953 $269,533,973 $315,388,407 $351,330,327 $382,405,708 commercialisation activities with strong R&D Aust. ‘Thebarton Advanced Technology and community and industry support. It fosters Bioscience Hub’ which is 4km from the CBD 11.14% 11.00% 10.20% 12.22% 8.35% 8.15% % SA the development of the industry by creating and 5km from the airport. Additional land is of an environment conducive to commercial available for construction of new facilities and National success and by providing mentoring, a dedicated bioscience business incubator Source: NHMRC PMF Dataset 2000-2005/RMIS unpublished data provided by DEST in August 2005 business development, product development, providing small modules of offi ce and wet- Note: Data includes funding obtained by all SA universities and medical research hospitals. fi nancial and marketing assistance. laboratory space to early stage companies and business development support will be Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding by State 2002-05 Through its high profi le in Adelaide and as a available for lease by mid 2007. 2002 2003 2004 2005 funding body, Bio Innovation SA is providing Total $17,865,534 $22,216,594 $26,437,208 $32,106,945 assistance to a signifi cant number of projects A key achievement for Bio Innovation SA in SA and companies in SA. Since establishment in 2005 was the fi nalisation of negotiations 2001 Total $288,621,498 $362,054,506 $386,051,924 $443,858,154 June , Bio Innovation SA has assisted the for a multi-million dollar venture capital 33 Aust. creation of bioscience companies. fund to be established in South Australia. This fund will invest in local bioscience % SA 6.2% 6.1% 6.8% 7.2% There are now 70 bioscience companies in companies from 2006 onwards, and will of National South Australia and the State is ranked by provide a much needed capital injection the ABS as having the highest proportion, into the local Industry. Source: ARC Website 10 11 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Objective 2: Well-Being Figure 5 Full-time Adult Earnings 1995-2005 Most of us in the West now have lives that are freed up from the demands of fi nding $ and maintaining shelter, food, and health. &ULL TIME!DULT/RDINARAustralia Y4IME%ARNINGS 4REND%STIMATES Accordingly the issues of happiness and South Australia  Australia fulfi lment are becoming increasingly important South Australia to our understanding of well-being in the 21st  Century.

The increase in prosperity inevitably leads to an  improvement in physical well-being with more goods and service (Fig 4). 

4 1998-9 2003-4 Figure Increase in Average Weekly Expenditure on Goods and Services to 

&EB &EB &EB &EB &EB &EB &EB &EB &EB &EB &EB            4OTALGOODSANDSERVICES Source: Consumer Price Index, Australia (Cat. No. 6401.0) -EDICALCAREANDHEALTHEXPENSES #URRENTHOUSINGCOSTS -ISCELLANEOUSGOODSANDSERVICES (OUSEHOLDSERVICESANDOPERATION Science also has an impact on the less tangible $OMESTICFUELANDPOWER aspects of well-being, namely the length of 2ECREATION our lives and lifestyles. Due to the astonishing 0ERSONALCARE medical advances in health care in prevention, (OUSEHOLDFURNISHINGSANDEQUIPMENT diagnosis and the novel forms of medication &OODANDNON ALCOHOLICBEVERAGES and surgery that have characterised the last 4RANSPORT few decades, we are living longer and healthier !LCOHOLICBEVERAGES lives. #LOTHINGANDFOOTWEAR 4OBACCOPRODUCTS

     

Source: www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/lookup/6D5F1DDFF4729C60CA25705900755727/$fi le/65300_2003-04.pdf

12 13 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Figure 6a Australian Life Expectancy at Birth 1890-2002 Combined spending by state and territory YEARS governments to carry out their responsibility  Males for running the public mental health system Females has increased by 40% from 1992–2002,  equivalent to $516 million.

 It is vital that we advance biomedical knowledge to have more insight into mental  health conditions and devise ways for combating them other than by the use of  broad spectrum drugs which inevitably

        have side effects. Neuroscience in particular is reaching beyond the goal of improved 3OURCE$EATHS !USTRALIAN"UREAUOF3TATISTICS neuropharmacological treatments, to a deeper understanding of thought processes, emotions, These advances are, however, not shared by all members of the Australian community, in and indeed the human mind (see Greenfi eld, particular Indigenous Australians. (Fig 6b) Tomorrow’s People, 2004). We are facing a situation where the line between improved Figure 6b Current Average Mortality Figures for Indigenous Australians treatment and improved lifestyle is becoming increasingly blurred and where debate as to  the best way forward is much more urgent.

 We need to share advances in well-being across  the community.



 )NDIGENOUS

9EARS  4OTALPOPULATION







 -ALE &EMALE Source: Australian Bureau of Statistsics

In addition, the new high-tech age brings with it a whole raft of pressures unknown to previous generations, hence an increase in psychiatric disorders.

14 15 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Objective 3: Attaining Sustainability SA Case Study SA Case Study ‘Sustainable development is development Premier’s Roundtable on Sustainability Sustainable Landscapes that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future www.environment.sa.gov.au/sustainability/ www.environment.sa.gov.au generations to meet their own needs.’ roundtable The World Commission on Environment The Sustainable Landscapes partnership are currently operating in conjunction with and Development, frequently referred to Three Challenges for the Future project, coordinated by the Botanic Gardens Universities and other research organisations. as The Brundtland Report after Gro Harlem The Round Table recommends that of Adelaide, is changing the way that urban The projects aim to develop scientifi c Brundtland, Chairman of the Commission. government, business and the community landscapes are designed and created to knowledge relating to fauna, fl ora and fi re Our Common Future, Oxford University take into account the following three make them more sustainable. The project management issues. This knowledge will assist Press, 1987. challenges in implementing the Plan, and in is involved in a range of activities such as in the management and long term conservation developing the next iteration of the Plan: research into the most appropriate plant of South Australian species, habitats and Despite a growing awareness of the • climate change selections for our local urban environments. environments and will serve to ensure a impact the global population is having • the vulnerability of our natural systems Water use and weed potential are the two sustainable future for biodiversity within the on fi nite resources, global warming and • the need to manage within ecological primary criteria for plant selection. The State. Key projects include fauna monitoring health pandemics, the World Business constraints project is working with all sectors of the within high priority ecosystems such as the Council for Sustainable Development community including local government, Coorong; the impacts of feral animals and reports, ‘that a profound shift is needed to Four Principles builders, landscape designers, educators their control on bird populations; animal and move towards implementing sustainable The Round Table recommends that and students to research and promote plant responses to fi re in remnant and fragile business practices. Often companies develop government, business and the community the changes we need to make to ensure ecosystems; and population monitoring of sustainable projects in isolation; too often adopt the following principles when landscape sustainability. Several biodiversity threatened species and population impacts. sustainable development is seen as the implementing the Plan: conservation research partnership projects enemy of profi ts; too often there is ignorance • Recognise absolute ecological limits to of the seriousness of the environmental and development and keep all economic Clearly this issue has a strong scientifi c basis social crises facing our world.’ activity within those limits. as can be seen in many United Nation reports • Refl ect the costs that economic activity on climate change. We can work towards fi xing South Australia’s Strategic Plan makes a and consumption impose on future these problems with technologies available good start on the delivery of a sustainable South Australians today but only if we get started now. We need future for South Australia. The Premier’s • Financially reward those acts that to take proactive steps to promote and increase Roundtable on Sustainability makes a range improve environmental outcomes and achievements in sustainability across the State. of recommendations aimed at ensuring are part of the solution. that the Plan and its implementation deliver • Remove all impediments and barriers clear, sustainable outcomes for the State. to improvement of environmental outcomes.

16 17 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Objective 4: Fostering Creativity has a lot in common with the arts in that engage in science once they realise that, having This objective might seem the least obvious as scientists ask different questions as do artists mastered the fundamentals, they can then cut tractable to scientifi c expertise and discovery: and, although their experimental methodology through them and exercise a creativity and on the contrary, it could be argued that the might be similar, individuals produce different self-expression that might have been denied new technological age is strangling creativity perspectives. How you interpret what you see them if they are not technically able at writing, and reducing young people to screen-based can, rather as with artists, vary enormously or painting, or music. So an embrace of science recipients of multimedia, where they are from one scientist to another. Each scientist actually broadens the chances for individuals on response mode rather than contributing asks new questions from their personal view to express themselves and be creative in any individual insights. Journalist Kevin Kelly and priorities. Therefore the approach of different ways. summed this up quite accurately: ‘Screen scientist and artists can be seen as very similar. culture is a world of constant fl ux of endless Both are characterised by a highly personalised Awareness of science can make people sound bites, of quick cuts and half-baked ideas. take on the world. Science can often, and have more insight into and interest in the It is the fl ow of gossip tidbits, of news headlines increasingly does, generate images that world around them as they then can see the and fl oating fi rst impressions. Notions don’t inspire artists. One only has to look at electron individuality and creativity of explanations stand alone but are massively interlinked microscope images or brain scan images to see and ideas of people from other disciplines. We to everything else. This is an important how they generate a beauty and insight that need to develop initiatives that build stronger thing. Truth is not delivered by authors and we previously haven’t experienced. Moreover collaborations between scientists, educators, authorities but is assembled by the audience.’ art can prompt metaphors that can help the artists, industry, students and the community. (Greenfi eld, Tomorrow’s People, 2004) development of scientifi c ideas. ‘Science of Art’ event at the Governor Hindmarsh Hotel. Photo by Sarah Long. On the other hand the neurosciences might So there are several very deep and fundamental well be making helpful contributions to ways in which the sciences and the arts are understanding creativity and therefore similar and indeed in which they can interact fostering it, for example by analysing with each other. I think that it is quite telling situations where there are claims of creativity. that up to about 150 years ago science and art Moreover, science itself is one of the most were one and the same thing. The Royal Society creative processes as Albert Szent-Gyorgyi when it was fi rst founded included what we (Nobel Prize for Medicine 1937) remarked, would now call the humanities as well as the science is all about, ‘seeing what everyone else sciences. Up until the Victorian Age these two can see but thinking what no-one else has fi elds of human intellectual endeavour were thought.’ inseparable.

Traditionally, science is regarded as different If people realise that arts and science are from the arts in that the latter is ‘created’ similar it may make them less wary of science where the former is not. However, science and indeed might inspire more people to

18 19 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Objective 5: Building Communities Similar analysis of these concerns appear in However, as women progress in scientifi c Part of this objective in the Strategic Plan the report ‘SET Fair’ that I prepared for the UK careers they become fewer in number. concerns women in leadership. In the sector of Secretary of State for Trade and Industry a few science and technology the defi cit in women is years ago. www.extra.scu.ac.uk/nrc/section_2/ Figure 8 Commencements for Ordinary Bachelor Degrees 2004 very clear. A few years ago data was published publications/reports/R1182/SET_Fair_Report.pdf from the Swedish Medical Research Council  showing that a woman who was in the top In 2005 a report prepared by the SA Offi ce band of scientists would be perceived at about for Women entitled Participation and  the same level as a below-average man. (Fig 9) Advancement of Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) in South  Australia provides national data on women’s Figure 7 Perceptions of Women in Science participation in university studies at the Bachelor level (Fig 8). Women participate  in greater numbers than men in general .ATURAL )NFORMATION %NGINEERING !GRICULTURE  PHYSICAL TECHNOLOGY RELATED ENVIRONMENT science degrees (once again clustering in the  biological sciences) and in the agricultural -ALES     -EN  and environmental sciences. However, despite &EMALES     women’s participation in natural and physical &EMALES      science degrees nearly equalling women’s Source: Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training, 2005  participation rate at universities (57%), women often choose to stay away from physics,  chemistry and mathematics majors. Women’s Just as we can explore how women can have The social context of lone occupant households 7OMEN  participation in engineering and information more impact on science, more obvious still has changed considerably during the period

³#OMPETENCE´3CORE 1971 1991  technology remains very low despite various is how science can impact on more women, to , and the overall number of people campaigns to recruit women to these courses all women. The increase in technology-based living in lone occupant households has  and targets being set nationally to improve societies will make it easier for women with increased throughout this period. In a sample  participation. Given that both information small children to work from home: future new of those aged 15-44, the proportional increase technology and engineering programs rely advances might enable post-menopausal in those living alone is the largest, rising from  ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯  heavily on physics and mathematics, it is not women to be reproductive. Science and 1.6% in 1971 to 3.8% in 1981 and 8.4% in 1991. 4OTALIMPACT surprising to fi nd girls’ choices not to study technology could well change the face of In contrast there was a notable decrease in Source: Swedish Medical Research Council these subjects at school impact on their communities as we know them, not just those living in couple-based households. The choices at university. within families, but also in the degree to which proportion of people living in such households individuals interact with each other. fell by 6.5% between 1971 and 1991. Whilst it has been suggested that the www.abs.gov.au/ausstats pressures of being in a minority group could lead to stresses for women in some SET courses, a national analysis of equity groups in higher education has not found student retention in non-traditional courses for women to differ signifi cantly between genders.

20 21 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

In my book Tomorrow’s People, I review Science and Your Life Conclusion how science and technology, in particular Information Communication Technology (ICT), This report explores how science can interact Soon after arriving in Adelaide, my agenda is transforming the way we live and work with a range of different sectors. The reason seemed very clear: to ensure that science was in favour of far more isolated, home-based why the particular sectors in this diagram recognised as having the impact it does on lifestyles. We need to think of ways in which were chosen is not only because they are the six objectives of South Australia’s Strategic the new technologies can be used to build the fundamental cornerstones of daily life, but also Plan. But more important was to identify kind of society that we want, presumably one because I have personal experience in working ways in which science can be harnessed for characterised by a strong sense of community. with them. Moreover, by relating science to maximum benefi t. Accordingly, this report these particular sectors, it is easy to map makes recommendations for applying science Objective 6: Expanding Opportunities them on to the six objectives described above. to sectors to which it previously may have At the root of opportunity lies education, for This exercise is an appropriate way to look at had very little linkage. In order to enable the both child and adult alike. Inevitably, science mechanisms for science to relate to the bigger realisation and implementation of my vision is changing the face of education, both in picture thus demonstrating science to be the the Premier’s Science and Research Council terms of what needs to be taught, and how it central connector in the jigsaw of daily life! approved funding to employ a Project Catalyst, is taught. The immediate issue is how to make Linda Cooper. This has worked brilliantly science more popular and accessible to school SA Case Study and meant that information and activities children, especially girls. The Australian Science have been able to keep fl owing constantly throughout my time as an Adelaide Thinker in and Mathematics School (ASMS) In the longer term, we will need to explore Residence. how IT is changing the way young people think The ASMS is building science curricula for and learn, and indeed whether an increased senior secondary students that specifi cally facility with search engines, and more mobile, connect with the emerging learning of the embedded IT might lead us to question just new sciences. In particular, the partnership Media Policy what students will need to memorise. In of the ASMS with Flinders University is addition to IT are the increasing infl uences developing programs in the emerging of drugs, both prescribed such as Ritalin, and areas of science such as nanotechnology, proscribed such as cannabis, as well as new neuroscience, aquaculture, biotechnology, socio-economic infl uences that could infl uence laser science and communication Education SCIENCE how a child processes information. We must technologies. ASMS students and teachers Research identify these factors, and how they are work alongside university professionals and affecting learning and memory processes in industry researchers to develop curricula the brain. We need to reach consensus on what linked to the latest developments in the fi eld. the desiderata might be for the citizen of the mid-21st Century, and most important of all, how those desiderata will be delivered, and by whom. Women Private Human Sector Services

22 23 Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Thinking About Science Momentum Through Collaboration

The purpose of this report is to outline specifi c In the 10-Year Vision for Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI10), the South Australian strategies for progressing the positioning Government offers attractive opportunities for collaboration. Indeed, the concept of the entire of science in the lives of the citizens of Thinkers in Residence program can be viewed as an innovative experiment in collaboration with South Australia, and hence increasing their external sectors and/or individuals with no prior links to South Australia! prosperity and quality of life. However to achieve this goal, it is necessary to retain and Figure 9 Interconnections of Thinker in Residence Baroness Professor Susan Greenfi eld: attract the very best scientists to work in the Her Research, Public and International Activities state, in both the private and public sector. Scientists put a premium on an intellectually stimulating environment. Perhaps the portfolio of initiatives recommended here will be an OXCSOM incentive not only for the ‘consumers’, the Science Corps Oxford Centre for the Science general public, but also for those who are of the Mind essential to its success, the scientists. This report attempts to embed novel science- 10 University based initiatives in the -Year Vision of of South Australia Science, Technology and Innovation in South The University Australia (STI10), by addressing its three main of Adelaide goals: Building Capability and Infrastructure, Flinders University Momentum through Collaboration and Developing People and Communities. Institute for the RiSci Future of the Mind

Royal Institution James Martin World Science 21st Century School Assembly

Ri Government of The Royal Institution South Australia of Great Britain

If the democratisation of science is to be achieved in South Australia then the most effi cient route will surely be by collaboration with existing initiatives with comparable aims.

24 25 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

During my fi rst period of residency, it soon The Royal Institution became apparent that the lessons we of Great Britain Heritage were learning at the Ri could be applied to Technology advantage in Adelaide. First, the city has Transfer www.ri.ac.uk/ a tradition of festivals: the community is Database experienced at organizing public events, and for Scientists The Royal Institution of Great Britain is clearly has a taste for attending them. The Public the oldest independent research body in Events capacity audiences at the most recent Festival the world. For over 200 years, it has stood of Ideas 2005 speak for themselves. Second, testament to the fact that the general public the relatively compact size of the city means has an interest in science as a branch of that locations can be identifi ed within easy human knowledge. More recently however, reach, and, as with the small British cities of Schools with the shift into the Information Age, and Oxford and Cambridge, the city can possess Young Person’s with the encroachment of technology on all an atmosphere of concentrated intellectual Programme areas of life, from reproduction to nutrition, External excitement. Third, the current Premier and this intellectual curiosity has quickened into Bookings government, as with their counterparts in the a more immediate and practical interest. UK, are anxious to democratise learning and Fora, such as those at the Ri, give the public hence improve the lives and prospects of all an experience and an opportunity for South Australians. interaction that they can’t gain from science reporting in either the print or broadcast Davy Faraday media, nor indeed from popular science Research Science books. By attending public debates, lectures Royal institution Laboritories Policy and discussions, any member of society can of Great Britain feel empowered to air the concerns and ideas that science and the new technologies are generating. Public fora give people a voice, a channel for acting on all the information they have acquired. In this way science can be democratized and become Ri World Arts/ the responsibility of everyone, not just a Science Science handful of specialists. It is a common boast Assembly at the Ri that visitors should fi nd events there as appealing as an evening at the cinema, and that they should leave excited Science and worried in equal measure: above all we Media International hope that as people return home they will Centre Virtual Ri be arguing with each other, thrashing out Ri the merits and otherwise of what has been said. Only then will we have an intellectually healthy society. Acivities of the Royal Institution of Great Britain

26 27 Chapter 2 Momentum Through Collaboration Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

My current projects both in London and Oxford It was in Adelaide that William fi rst seriously feasible than others, but a pipeline could be I.a. Bragg About Adelaide - Exhibition are obvious partners in collaborative projects contemplated the research that launched established whereby the number of on-going Working with South Australian Tourism linking South Australian STI with public and his international career and where Lawrence projects is gradually increased. However such Commission, South Australian Museum, media, education and political sectors, as was born and educated, enrolling at the The an ambitious and far-reaching plan can only be Royal Institution of Great Britain, The University well as with scientists and scholars at an University of Adelaide at the early age of 15 and realised with committed staff and appropriate of Adelaide, South Australian Partnership for international level. graduating in 1908 with fi rst class honours in leadership. To this end, Mr Robert Champion Advanced Computing (SAPAC). Mathematics. de Crespigny has graciously consented to act This chapter discusses collaborations between as Chairman of the Bragg Initiative. He will The exhibition Bragg About Adelaide provided my activities in the UK and in Adelaide, some The Braggs left Adelaide for the UK in 1909. therefore be in a pivotal position to coordinate an overdue opportunity to acknowledge South already underway, others with great potential. There they developed ideas they had fostered the showcasing and realisation of all the Bragg Australia’s scientifi c heritage and innovative in Adelaide, and rapidly cemented their initiatives. thinking. I. Bragg Initiative position as leading fi gures in science. Together a. Bragg about Adelaide - Exhibition they established two of the most important It is of great historical signifi cance that in Bragg About b. Spirit of Science - Bursaries X-ray crystallography laboratories in the world December 2004, Minister Jane Lomax-Smith Adelaide drew upon c. Bragg Documentary and their work was rewarded with the Nobel was able to announce the heritage listing the Ri’s collection d. Davy-Faraday Laboratory Prize for Physics in 1915. of Bragg House, East Terrace, Adelaide. This of Bragg-related e. ‘Dawn to Dusk’ building was designed by William Bragg papers, artefacts f. World Science Assembly William became Director of the Ri while for his family in 1899. This resource has and memorabilia, to g. Science Corps Lawrence went on to direct the Nobel Prize- enormous potential in developing connections tell the remarkable winning work of Francis Crick and James represented by the Bragg Initiative. This story of father and II. Oxford Centre for the Science of the Mind Watson on the structure of DNA using X-ray building has the capacity to attract people son. This material crystallography techniques. Lawrence moved from all across the world who are interested in was matched by III. James Martin 21st Century School to the Ri in 1954 and continued the tradition of the history of science. content sourced research established by his father. from the The PICTURES HERE University of Adelaide, personal collections I. Bragg Initiative The Bragg name therefore offers a highly and the SA Museum. For example, in the appropriate means for branding the summer of 1906/07 Lawrence Bragg found a A wonderful yet little known link between collaboration between the Ri and South cuttlefi sh bone at Glenelg he did not recognise the Royal Institution (Ri) of London and South Australia on projects of mutual interest and and took it to Dr Verco at the Museum who Australia has existed for over a century in the benefi t. The following initiatives, listed in order subsequently identifi ed it as new to science. form of William and Lawrence Bragg. This of ease of implementation, show the diversity It was eventually named Sepia braggi. father and son research team discovered and and potential of working together. This list is developed X-ray crystallography which led to far from exhaustive! The exhibition and its accompanying the development of molecular biology and the publications and programs explored the Braggs’ mapping of the genome. The very special historical link between life in Adelaide, their work in the UK, and the Adelaide and the Ri provides a fortuitous contemporary applications of their science today. conceptual umbrella for a range of collaborative projects of mutual benefi t to Bragg About Adelaide was launched by the both. Inevitably, some initiatives are more Premier on August 11, 2005. In addition to the Bragg family at home, corner East Tce and Carrington exhibition, a historical seminar about the life St, Adelaide, ca 1902 (courtesy Dr S. Bragg)

28 29 Chapter 2 Momentum Through Collaboration Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Bragg About Adelaide time, the Ri welcomes and benefi ts from the Professor Frank AJL James Professor John Jenkin enjoyed a high profi le opportunity for such international outreach. location in the main Such an endeavour is far from being a one-off. foyer of the Museum In successive years, with more lead-in time, it from August 11 to might be possible to mount more ambitious October 3, 2005. exhibitions with even more valuable and It is estimated that fascinating Ri/Bragg artefacts, lent to Adelaide approximately 112,000 perhaps for the months of July and August, visitors passed when there is the lowest footfall in the Image courtesy of M. Himrova, through the Museum premises in London. Plant Molecular Biology, 2004. during this time. Similarly, there is the potential for a temporary Frank AJL James is Professor of the History Professor John Jenkin studied physics at Complementing Bragg About Adelaide the exhibition of Bragg artefacts and memorabilia of Science at the Ri, London. In August The University of Adelaide and is one of South Australian Partnership for Advanced currently in Adelaide to be displayed at the Ri. It 2005 Professor Frank James spent two Australia’s leading historians of science. He Computing (SAPAC) staged a short is of particular signifi cance in this regard that weeks in South Australia promoting the specialises in the Braggs. He completed his presentation in its newly completed the Ri will undergo a major refurbishment in Bragg Exhibition. He has written widely on PhD in nuclear physics at the Australian VisLab. The Braggs in Perspective outlined the 2006, funded signifi cantly by the UK Heritage science and technology in the nineteenth National Uni versity, followed by postdoctoral infl uence of the Braggs and their science, Lottery Fund. The new facilities will be designed century and how they relate to other areas appointments at the Atomic Energy especially on the discovery of the structure of to emphasise the unique past of the Ri and to of society and culture. He is particularly Research Establishment in England and the DNA. This display incorporated contemporary showcase how the work done by its Directors, interested in the processes by which University of Minnesota in the USA. In 1968 Bragg-related stereographs as well as including the Braggs, impacts on 21st Century knowledge created in a laboratory is applied he was appointed to La Trobe University specially-developed explanations of X-ray life. There is enormous potential for South in practical situations, an area where the in Melbourne, where he has spent the crystallography, demonstrations of modern Australia to be showcased in these state-of-the Ri plays an enormous role. He is editor of remainder of his career: twenty-fi ve years in molecular analysis using interactive models art exhibition spaces. the correspondence of Michael Faraday and the physics department and seven years in and stereographic imaging as well as segments recently published The Common Purposes the history & philosophy of science program of a documentary fi lm produced in 1965 to of Life – a collection of essays on the Ri. He in the arts faculty. He is currently preparing celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Braggs' is currently President of the Newcomen a joint biographical study of William and Nobel Prize. The presentation attracted about Society for the History of Engineering and Lawrence Bragg, with an emphasis on the 300 visitors over 40 performances. Importantly, Technology and has been nominated to Australian period. John assisted enormously the collaboration between the SA Museum and be President of the British Society for the in the development of the Bragg Exhibition SAPAC has led directly to discussions about 2006. History of Science from July and has agreed to advise on the production how SAPAC might support future exhibitions at of the Bragg Documentary. the Museum to promote public awareness and and times of the Braggs was coordinated by understanding of science. the Royal Society of South Australia. Held in the The exhibition was accompanied by the original dwelling of the Braggs in East Terrace publication of a substantial booklet of essays The Bragg Exhibition clearly offered a highly this seminar brought together for the fi rst time compiled by the Project Catalyst team on the tangible example of collaboration between the the Australian and UK history of science experts, history of the relevance of the Braggs’ work and Ri and Adelaide in a form that benefi ted the Prof Frank James and Prof John Jenkin, to share the importance of the Adelaide/Ri connection. community of South Australia, both scholars with an enthusiastic audience their knowledge and the general public alike. At the same Perspective of Atrium Exhibition Area showing of the personal lives of these science heroes. interpretation of iconic apparatus and heritage.

30 31 Chapter 2 Momentum Through Collaboration Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

The Ri has appointed acclaimed architect Sir I.c. Bragg Documentary Royal Institution holds a major collection of Terry Farrell who has devised a masterplan to Working with Department Premier and Cabinet, works and memorabilia concerning William showcase the Ri’s magnifi cent architectural Department of Education and Children’s Services, and Lawrence Bragg. These resources will and collections heritage whilst widening South Australian Film Corporation, Royal be invaluable in realising the documentary access to accommodate our increasingly Institution of Great Britain. and the Ri is very keen to participate and diverse audience. Key elements of the contribute in whatever ways may be considered Campaign include: the construction of a new Why is so little known about the unique appropriate. Energy Atrium; restoration of the famous partnership of the Braggs that had its roots in Faraday Lecture Theatre; restoration of a South Australia? In 2005, ninety years later, the stunning 18th century staircase (the ‘Sad’ time is right to celebrate these individuals and I.d. Davy-Faraday Laboratory Stair); re-interpretation of Faraday’s Laboratory; the extraordinary impact their work has had on www.ri.ac.uk/DFRL/ comprehensive conservation, treatment, the world. It is proposed that a one hour made- storage and display of the Ri’s vast collection of If this initiative is successful, the South for-television documentary be produced to As an integral part of the Royal Institution original scientifi c apparatus, archives, portraits Australian Government will work with the Ri to celebrate the Braggs’ contribution to scientifi c of Great Britain, the Davy Faraday Research and furniture associated with those who have investigate future connections of this nature. discovery. In addition to broadcast material, an Laboratory (DFRL) is at the forefront of research made scientifi c history in the building. interactive DVD will be developed for schools into the chemistry and physics of materials. The Ri Christmas Lectures are an educational and available in both Australia and the UK. The scientifi c insights gained through this program dating back 125 years to the 1820s research reveal the chemical, magnetic, I.b. SpiRit of Science: Bursaries when Michael Faraday, Director of the Ri, The aim is to create national and international electrical and optical properties of new Working with Department Premier and Cabinet, initiated the fi rst lecture series, establishing recognition for the legacy of their work and materials that are the building blocks for Department of Education and Children’s Services, an exciting new venture of teaching science a place in South Australian popular history the development of the next generation of Qantas, Myer. to young people. He presented a total of 19 and culture for the Bragg name and scientifi c technological devices and applications. These series. The Lectures are held annually and are achievements. technologies may be applied across a number www.scimas.sa.edu.au/scimas/ the fl agship of the Ri. They serve as a forum for of industrial sectors including computing, pages/updates/projectdetails/ presenting complex scientifi c issues to young The documentary will explore the Braggs’ telecommunications, aerospace, military, and people in an informative and entertaining unique story in its historical and geographical the environment. The SpiRit of Science is an initiative that allows manner. perspectives, including the examination of a group of 10 students from Department cultural and political infl uences in both the Collaborative research links could be of Education and Children’s Services (DECS) In 2005, the Christmas Lecture series colony of South Australia and the rest of the established between the scientists in the schools, to attend the Christmas Lecture Series investigated the Science of Food, and scientifi c world in the early 20th Century. DFRL and the chemistry departments in the at the Ri in London during December 2005. commenced with a Boxing Day event three universities in South Australia. Such incorporating the preparation and scientifi c This will provide a reference point from which collaboration could take the form of short-term It is particularly important to provide fi rst- interpretation of Christmas Lunch. to navigate the impact of X-ray crystallography visits by senior scientists during the respective hand opportunities for young people from low in the ensuing ninety years and its modern day summer months of each hemisphere through socio-economic communities to experience www.rigb.org/rimain/evemts/ relevance. to fellowship exchange schemes or post- the wonders of science, to connect them with christmaslectures.jsp doctoral students and even bursary/scholarship eminent thinkers and with their heroes, and The project will be developed and produced schemes for graduates. to inspire them to see science as a possible in collaboration between a South Australian pathway for their own learning and careers. team and the Royal Institution in London. The

32 33 Chapter 2 Momentum Through Collaboration Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

I.e. ‘Dawn To Dusk’ institutions through Australia’s Research indicated by the spread of H5N1. I.g. Science Corps The Ri has an outstanding public program. and Educational Network (AARNet). AARNet RiSci launched its Pandemic Preparedness The Science Corps (SC) will be a network Some of these events could be associated focuses on collaborations, teaching, leading Project in March 2005, citing a lack of of scientists who will harness advances in with Adelaide. Thus the public could have and research by connecting people to Internet adequately coordinated global preparation for science to improve the quality of life for those access to cutting-edge science via lectures, resources anywhere, anytime. This could be what leading scientists fear is an inevitable in countries which have yet to benefi t from panel discussions and debates in formats and facilitated through South Australia Partnerships outbreak of a deadly fl u pandemic that could these advances, leading to improvements terminology comprehensible to the non- in Advanced Computing (SAPAC), representing rapidly kill up to tens of millions of people. in sanitation and clean water through to specialist. each of the state’s universities and has the RiSci convened a project Steering Committee of improved literacy, reduced eco-damage and potential to create ‘global cyberfora’ with other highest-level researchers, decision makers, and increased GDP. It would clearly maximise the impact of these like-minded international institutions. industry leaders to guide the project, which is events to extend their outreach internationally, currently in its third phase. In Phase One, RiSci Through this network, the SC aims to introduce between Adelaide and Albemarle St. The brought together Nature and Foreign Affairs a new component to the lives of scientists following possibilities should be explored: I.f. World Science Assembly magazines in an unprecedented collaboration in the West. The initiative will aim to attract The Royal Institution World Science Assembly to publish special issues on the avian fl u scientists in mid-career, who might well fi nd (1) Pooling of expertise and ideas between (RiSci) is an independent London and New threat (in May and July 2005, respectively) and themselves, for different reasons, personal the two centres to give the most York-based non-profi t organization formed to create web content to provide journalists, and professional, in a rather stale and jaded comprehensive and appealing coverage by a joint venture of the Royal Institution of scientists, policy makers, and the educated mindset. By experiencing a completely new of subject matter and format. Great Britain and The Ulanov Partnership, the public with critical information and policy scenario, of ‘thinking outside the box’, not only (2) On-line web streaming of events in longest established international strategy recommendations. The publications led to will they bring a valuable component to the Adelaide and the Ri, allowing audience and management consultancy for non-profi t a series of high-level briefi ngs for policy developing world, but they will receive huge participation across the world, eg mid-day organizations. RiSci uniquely works at the leaders conducted with the Council on Foreign benefi ts. Despite the myriad of aid packages in UK, evening in Australia, or evening in highest levels of global leadership to bridge Relations and the Asia Society. the one component conspicuous by its absence UK, breakfast in Australia, ‘Dawn to Dusk’. the gap between the science and policy is science innovation actually on the ground. (3) Off-line access for all via a committed web- communities through effective convening and In Phase Two, RiSci convened a global virtual site of events in both locations, for a limited translation. RiSci is guided by the 40 members workshop conducted across Europe, Asia, Meanwhile, for scientists to experience a period of time, eg a month. of its Organizing Committee, comprised of Africa, and North America on 5-7 July 2005 situation where resources aren’t readily (4) Exchange scheme whereby a speaker from distinguished scientists and policy makers that brought together over 60 top scientists, forthcoming and they have to improvise and the ‘Friday Evening Discourse’ series speaks from around the world, chaired by Baroness policy makers, and industry leaders to develop think laterally, would bring about an enormous at a comparable event in Adelaide, and Professor Susan Greenfi eld. action plans and partnerships for four specifi c change in attitude when they returned to their conversely, a South Australian scientist initiatives: policy communication, medical universities. The scientists could be of any delivers one of the Discourses at the Ri. Globalizing the work of the Ri, RiSci works to interventions, disease modelling, and national age, but emphasis will be placed on original (5) Pooling of expertise and ideas between determine effective ways for the world’s most preparedness planning. Since then RiSci has thinking, and having a skill set already in place. the two centres to give the most senior scientifi c and political leaders to address worked to develop these initiatives. In Phase Part of the funding for the SC would be for comprehensive and appealing coverage critical global issues at the intersection of Three, we will advance a blend of these projects provision for a further two year grant once of subject matter and format. science and public policy. Their fi rst initiative, in partnership with other organizations, a scientist returned home. It will also aim to the Pandemic Preparedness Project, emerged including the Nuclear Threat Initiative, the encourage expatriated scientists to return to These potential linkages could be developed from consultations with Organizing Committee Sloan Foundation, and others. their home countries to support their research utilising the increased bandwidth of online members and other key advisors around the base. environments made available to research world, who collectively pointed to the then- muted threat of an infl uenza pandemic as

34 35 Chapter 2 Momentum Through Collaboration Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

At the second level, if the collaboration proves to this project makes him one of the most thinkers' in the University, and a set of relevant II. Oxford Centre for the Science fruitful, centres in South Australia could be signifi cant drivers of academic enterprise publications. of The Mind (OXCSOM) co-applicants on the full grant application for a today. James Martin is founder and chairman 14 21 www.oxcsom.ox.ac.uk more ambitious project currently envisaged in emeritus of Headstrong, a global consultancy The Institutes of The James Martin st the range of US $10m. that helps leading companies worldwide create Century School include: real business values from digital technologies. OXCSOM is constituted from research in six Whilst this particular project may seem to Known as 'the Guru of the Information Age' The James Martin Institute for departments of Oxford University: Anatomy, have no immediate benefi ts to sectors beyond he is widely recognised as an authority on Science and Civilization Pharmacology, Philosophy, Physiology, Theology academe, the value to the wider community the social and commercial ramifi cations of Director: Professor Steve Rayner and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. could be considerable: computers and technology. The very generous Using imaging technology we study the • More research income into the state, hence support that has made the 21st Century School The Institute for the Future of the Mind activity of the brain under different conditions higher ranking in federal statistics, in turn a reality is his second major benefaction to Director: Baroness Professor Susan Greenfi eld to assess how belief systems – whether increasing potential for further funds the University of Oxford. It builds on the work religious, spiritual or other – are formed and • Raised profi le of South Australia as an of the James Martin Institute for Science and The Oxford Institute of Ageing how they infl uence an individual’s momentary intellectual hub Civilization, which has already established itself Director: Dr Sarah Harper subjective state of consciousness. • Media and public attention to subjects as an infl uential force. being studied The e-Horizons Institute The Oxford Centre for Science of the Mind, • South Australia offering an exciting The scale of the 21st Century School is possible Directors: Professor William Dutton of which I am the Director, will provide a intellectual enticement to attract top because of the extent of the ambition that the and Professor Paul Jeffreys multidisciplinary program of research into thinkers and scientists to relocate to School sets for itself: to foster new thinking the physical basis of beliefs and subjective Adelaide that will tackle the pressing issues facing The Institute for Emergent Infections experience. By drawing on an unprecedented the world today. But, typically of the man of Humans range of disciplines and harnessing cutting- An initial meeting, coordinated by the South whose great generosity has made it possible, Director: Professor Angela McLean edge expertise, the collective insights gained, Australian Neuroscience Institute (SANI), was the School sets out to achieve its aims in an initially as a two year pilot study funded by held on 12th August 2005 at The University imaginative and innovative way, stimulating International Migration Institute Templeton, could consequently inspire the of Adelaide, to discuss possible collaboration research within and across many disciplines. Directors: Professor Steve Vertovec and development of highly innovative yet practical between neuroscientists, philosophers, and The School will comprise a Hub and changeable Professor Stephen Castles approaches for promoting well-being, and psychologists in South Australia with their Spokes. The Spokes are Research Institutes, ultimately, maximizing individual human counterparts at Oxford University. each undertaking leading-edge research in its The Oxford Future of Humanity Institute potential. own subject area. The Hub will consist of the Director: Dr Nick Bostrom Director of the School, a small administrative The benefi ts of collaborating on the OXCSOM III. James Martin 21st staff and a number of James Martin Fellows. The Programme on Ethics of the New project are at two levels. The fi rst is at the Century School The School will support some ten Fellows a year Biosciences current pilot stage, whereby South Australian www.21school.ox.ac.uk from both within and without the University Director: Professor Julian Savulescu researchers could contribute to the intellectual through the James Martin Fellowship Scheme. capital of current studies, gaining in return This will enable them to take time to work on The Environmental Change Institute appropriate recognition and forging innovative The innovation that is the 21st Century School an issue associated with the future, with the Director: Professor Diana Liverman academic links that would not otherwise have has been made possible through the unique commitment that one of their outputs will be a been possible or even imaginable. foresight of James Martin. His commitment paper in the School's publication series. In this The World Education Institute way, it is hoped to build up a network of 'future Directors: Dr Thomas Benson and Dr Angus Hawkins

36 37 Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Momentum Through Collaboration Developing people and communities

Institute for the Future of the Mind. This chapter focuses on specifi c, science- IV. Science Outside The Square Even aside from my personal involvement Conclusion related schemes that could enrich the lives www.science.sa.gov.au with the Institute for the Future of the of the wider community of South Australia in Mind, the possible participation of South Science is a vehicle for collaboration. a variety of very different ways. The schemes Working with Port Adelaide Football Club, the Australian stakeholders in other initiatives listed below were set in train during my Premier’s Food Council, Australian Institute are wide-ranging. On a broader canvas still, it There are obvious and natural connections residency. of Physics, South Australian Museum, South is possible that the big questions of climate between my activities in the United Kingdom Australian Neuroscience Institute, Australian change, demographics, infectious diseases, and in South Australia. The twin sites of the IV. Science Outside The Square Society of Medical Researchers, the Premier's ageing, and e-commerce could all inspire Ri and Oxford offer wide potential for mutual Roundtable for Sustainability, Children, Youth collaborative projects at the international level. benefi t when linked up with their respective V. Twinning Scientists With Teachers and Women’s Health Services, Alzheimer’s This potential is even more valuable in the counterparts in South Australia. Association (SA), The University of Adelaide, light of the conviction of James Martin that VI. Women in Science, Engineering and Flinders University, the University of South the School should be much more than a mere Technology Australia, The Advertiser and Network Ten. ‘talking shop’. It is possible, indeed planned, that the work arising from the School will VII. Health and Community Services lead to practical innovations that enhance the a. Seminars on the Young Brain lives of generations to come. If South Australia b. Volunteering for Science was part of this vanguard, the prosperity and c. Open Day on Ageing lives of its citizens would correspondingly be enhanced. Indeed, the relatively small population size of the State would make the participation of South Australia attractive as a community for pilot study.

On the more specifi c issue of collaborations with the Institute for the Future of the Mind, an immediate possibility is to join in the 21st Century education project led by senior Adam Spencer and Che Cockatoo-Collins at AAMI Stadium for the ‘Science of Sport’ event. Photo by Sarah Long. researcher Dr Martin Westwell, who has been appointed to lead and manage its educational components. If a joint consultative report could We have seen in previous chapters how a be prepared by say June 2006, it could form the potential crosstime and hemisphere zone basis of debate in both the British Parliament ‘Dawn to Dusk’ collaboration between the (House of Lords) as well as the State and Royal Institution (Ri) in London and Adelaide Federal Parliaments in Australia. would provide a very exciting way for the public to access all forms of science. However, A meeting was held on August 3, 2005 to this would just be a start and there are many explore how the education, social services, ways in which Adelaide can generate its own and academic sectors in South Australia might program of events similar to the Ri. benefi t from, and enhance the work of the

38 39 Chapter 3 Developing People and Communities Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

One idea that arose during my 2004 residency was that South Australia could serve as an Impact Of Science Outside The Square exemplar community where ‘100% of people • Food and Drink - the Sustenance of Life at go to university’, albeit, as with the Ri, at week- The Science Outside The Square program was the National Wine Centre sold out at 200 ends and evenings. unique, not only for being the fi rst of its kind in South Australia, but also for some of its people • A Shortcut to Space, Investigator Science This proposal led to the planning of a pilot more innovative elements including: and Technology Centre, Regency TAFE series of public science events initially named 3 - 370 people ‘The Community University’. However because i) a D full body scan of the captain of the • Genes of Bragg, Scott Theatre, The University the very mention of the word ‘university’ can AFL football team Port Power, Matthew of Adelaide - approximately 200 people still act as a deterrent, sadly, within certain Primus • The Science of Art, Governor Hindmarsh communities, the more abstract, punning title ii) media personality, mathematician and Hotel - sold out at 240 people; with 20 Science Outside The Square was adopted. During comedian Adam Spencer explaining The 4 extra ‘standing room only’ tickets sold. 60 the implementation phase following the 2004 Science of Sport in a minute video which tickets sold at the door within 20 minutes residency, the Project Catalyst Linda Cooper ‘The Wonder Years’ event, St Peter’s Cathedral. was played at AAMI Stadium during half Photo by Sarah Long. • Demystifying Depression - Elizabeth 70 was in touch with the Head of Events at the time at an AFL game people, Mt Gambier 60 people, Noarlunga Ri, Gail Cardew, who visited Adelaide briefl y in iii) Extracting DNA from fruit at the Food 80 people February 2004. In April 2005 Ms Cooper visited with the community. Venues not usually and Drink - the Sustenance of Life event • Energy Options - 170 people, The University the Ri to witness fi rst-hand the strengths associated with science activity were selected iv) An interview with NASA astronaut Col of Adelaide (it was Father’s Day) and weaknesses of our program, for the fi nal and included a football stadium, a pub, a Pamela Melroy and a link with Adelaide’s • The Wonder Years - 110 people, planning of the pilot that was then launched church, the National Wine Centre, a technical own Dr Andy Thomas in space at the St. Peters Cathedral in Adelaide during the second period of my college, a theatre, football clubs and an art Shortcut to Space event • Memory Changes - 140 people, Art Gallery residency, in July 2005. gallery. A regional venue and areas in outer v) The Hon. Dr Jane Lomax-Smith MP of South Australia fully booked 2 weeks in metropolitan Adelaide were also selected. facilitating the Genes of Bragg event advance Science Outside The Square was a successful Partners were brought in to assist with vi) A sell-out crowd with not even standing pilot series of science-themed events, designed the coordination of each event. Supporters room left at the Science of Art event Feedback to be topical, controversial, and interactive, assisted with the promotion of the respective vii) Radio SAFM’s breakfast host, Lehmo, Evaluation Forms were distributed at the to bring science and scientists to public life event through their own networks and were hosting the Demystifying Depression conclusion of each event. Over 100 forms were and to capture the imagination of a broad represented at each event. A working group events. returned. Here are some of the comments: audience. All the events created opportunities and marketing group were formed to provide viii) The Wonder Years - a science event for community opinions and attitudes to be advice on programming and implementation taking place in a cathedral ‘Put these lectures on TV or DVD’ expressed and discussed. of this initiative and included representatives ix) Memory Changes – an event in ‘As a person who left school aged 15 with very from the Premier’s Science and Research conjunction with International poor grades and considered a dummy, I now The topics were selected through broad Council, Festival of Ideas, Department of Alzheimer’s Day fi nd this kind of opportunity enlightening’ consultation and represented high interest Further Education, Employment, Science and Attendance at the events demonstrated their subjects that tended to hit media headlines, Technology, South Australian Neuroscience ‘More, more, more! Give it funding!’ generate interest and link to science research Institute, National Science Week, Australian terrifi c impact: 27,455 priorities for South Australia. The venues were Society for Medical Research and local • There were people at the fi rst event ‘Food for the brain’ chosen with a view to bring scientists out of universities. An events contractor, Michels - The Science of Sport - AAMI Stadium surely ‘Unexpectedly enjoyable - the universities and laboratories to engage Warren, was employed to implement the a record for any science event anywhere! science is usually boring’

40 41 Chapter 3 Developing People and Communities Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

events under the direction of the Project and their potential for both good and ill. It alternative than working in industry and the problems of lacklustre science teaching Catalyst team. This project was highly is imperative therefore that the teaching of certainly a less fi nancially rewarding one…Part and hence poor science take-up in schools, is to collaborative in nature, bringing together science in schools can engage young people of the sector’s challenge therefore, is to raise the explore a way of re-empowering science school groups within government, science, media and to the maximum, according to their individual appeal of teaching and of teaching science in teachers, making them feel like ‘real’ scientists. the community who do not normally connect. inclinations. Yet science teaching in South particular. The potential to build networks through this Australian schools is not yet reaching this The Twinning Scientists with Teachers program project is considerable. target. The study makes a series of suggestions to recognises that relationships are at the attract and retain suitably qualifi ed science heart of learning. It enables scientists from Summary The recent national report Who’s Teaching teachers. These include opportunities for universities and research organisations to be The attendance fi gures of Science Outside Science? Meeting the demand for qualifi ed continuing involvement in research and/or linked or ‘twinned’ with teachers of science The Square testify to the interest that people science teachers in Australian secondary schools applied science specifi c to their discipline. from Reception to Year 12. This one to one have in science-related issues. Moreover, by Kerri-Lee Harris, Felicity Jensz and Gabrielle Possibilities raised by teachers included ‘pen-pal’ arrangement will create informal they provide a clear complement to the Baldwin, of the Centre for the Study of Higher time-release to undertake work in research professional development opportunities for humanities and arts-based public events that Education at the University of Melbourne for institutes or industry, and more science-specifi c both scientists and teachers. The scheme will characterise Adelaide life. If we can develop the Australian Council of Deans of Science professional development workshops with the be designed to allow the correspondence to a continuing program for Science Outside the released in January 2005, concludes: aim to keep teachers abreast of progress in take place without over-regulation or auditing Square then each session, from the Ri and their science discipline. to encourage open-ended and enthusiastic Adelaide, could add leverage to each other by The results…highlight the growing need to exchanges. The ‘twinning’ will take place on a developing a highly interactive agenda where attract more people to the study of chemistry website – similar to a ‘dating service’. Scientists we can have webcasting or webstreaming, and physics at tertiary level, and to provide these can register online with a description of their and collaborations as to what programs to students with both the training and incentives area of science research and interest. Teachers implement. to pursue teaching careers in secondary schools. can then view these descriptions and register Secondary schools report current and increasing \ to be ‘twinned’ with their selected scientists. diffi culty in attracting and retaining suitable V. Twinning Scientists With Teachers qualifi ed teachers in both these disciplines. The Twinning Scientists with Teachers program www.sciencetwinning.org.au Indeed a large proportion of current teachers has become a key component of work with of senior school chemistry and physics lack a teachers in DECS Science and Mathematics Working with the Australian Science and major in the discipline – the minimum level Strategy. Over 120 scientists from research Mathematics School, (ASMS), CSIRO, SA Science qualifi cation deemed satisfactory by most heads The need to engage more schoolchildren in organizations, universities, and hospitals in Teachers’ Association, the three universities, Tall of secondary school science departments. The science is truly a problem. One important factor Adelaide have already registered their interest Poppies, and SA Government. shortage of suitable qualifi ed science teachers that is often omitted from the discussions in participating. Considerable interest has been is likely to be exacerbated in the coming years of syllabi, exams, qualifi cations, and funds, is shown by Australia’s education and science If we are to ensure we are benefi ting as much as the bulge of ‘baby boomers’ approach the morale of the teachers. Surely if teachers sectors in broadening the program to achieve as possible from all science has to offer, whilst retirement age. were excited by their subject, such enthusiasm a national reach through the involvement of minimizing the risks it poses, then we need would transmit automatically to their pupils. CSIRO. There are tremendous opportunities to develop a scientifi cally literate society. In More broadly, the study’s fi ndings reveal a high Currently many science school teachers feel for extension activities to occur between such a society, a large number would embark level of disillusionment among science teachers, undervalued, over-audited and most crucially, individual groups of teachers and science on careers related in some way to science evident in the ambivalence of many towards the poor relations to the scientifi c community research organisations. Indeed an example of and technology, whilst those who did not remaining in the profession…The evidence from at large. One novel way forward to help combat this occurred recently. would still have a healthy interest in and this study is that teaching science in schools informed view of, the current technologies is currently considered to be a less glamorous

42 43 Chapter 3 Developing People and Communities Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

In addition, Gail Cardew, Head of Programs at and teachers talking to each other? It would Case Study the Ri, is committed to support the Twinning be very exciting to establish a network of Science Teachers Visit CSIRO Labs Scientists with Teachers program and hopes to scientists and teachers around the world. engage directly with the website to extend Science Australia at Werribee and Parkville Nine South Australian science teachers the idea of twinning, so that the teachers in Victoria, Molecular Health Technologies at participated in a one week intensive visit to and scientists are not only twinned with North Ryde in New South Wales, the CSIRO VI. Women In Science, Engineering the CSIRO’s Preventative Health (P-Health) each other in Australia, but also with people Discovery Centre in Canberra, e-Health and Technology (SET) laboratories across Australia in November in the UK. There are many opportunities for Research Centre in Brisbane and Human Working with the Offi ce for Women. 2005. This prestigious activity allowed the future fl exibility to the program, including the Nutrition in Adelaide. Dr Head said: ‘We teachers to see the most recent application recruitment of UK scientists through the Ri’s don’t want to make everyone a scientist, but In 2002, I was invited by the UK Secretary of technologies in biology, mathematics and extensive list of speakers and programs. biomedical research and how the national we critically need a pool of talented science of State for Trade and Industry to prepare researchers from which to build our next and submit SET Fair, a high level report with fl agship program operates. The website has been developed by a Year 12 generation of scientists if Australia is to hold recommendations on how to combat the student, Victoria Haar, from the Australian The project, an initiative of CSIRO and DECS its place globally’. problems of lack of women in SET studies Science and Mathematics School, who are and jobs. with the collaboration of the Australian also hosting and managing the site. Its Feedback Science and Mathematics School, is part of a development has been overseen by the Project ‘A fantastic experience to see, talk to, and learn Since the problem of women in SET is universal year long action learning program within the Catalyst Twinning Subcommittee of the Project what is currently being done in CSIRO and take in most Western societies, an obvious initiative DECS’ Science and Mathematics Strategy. Catalyst Advisory Group. Funding to support some of this back to the classroom. Having within my residency in Adelaide was to the part-time 12 month position of ‘webmaster’ attended all sorts of conferences, professional explore how the issues raised in SET Fair, both Accompanied by CSIRO P-Health Flagship to maintain the Twinning Scientists with development exercises over the years, this one, the problems and the solutions, applied to Director, Professor Richard Head, who helped Teachers program was provided by the without a doubt, would have to be the best…’ South Australia. In the fi rst instalment of my develop the project, the group visited various Department of Premier and Cabinet. multidisciplinary research teams in Food From a teacher of 30+ years residency we held a meeting at the National experience,Secondary Chemistry teacher Wine Centre on August 12, 2004 called Women Summary and SSABSA Chief Examiner in Chemistry in Science and Engineering: getting there and The advantages of the Twinning Scientists with staying at which I led a roundtable discussion. Teachers program are indisputable. First it The forum was attended by 150 women of all provides leverage to study science for school ages, backgrounds and levels of education. This children as well as invigorating and exciting forum was a two-way dialogue that inspired teachers. All this can be achieved at minimal and invigorated those that attended. It also cost and there are reciprocal benefi ts to both included a workshop where the thinking of the the student and the teacher. Scientists will participants was collected and collated with benefi t in that they will develop a broader the aid of new technology (Zing). outlook and the teachers will benefi t because they will be plugged into the latest state of A review of women in SET in South Australia the art science. Children will benefi t because demonstrates low participation and that they will have more excited teachers. Moreover, women who choose these industries face there is distinct potential to go global. Why diffi culties progressing their careers. Many of should we restrict it to Australian scientists the concerns raised by women working

44 45 Chapter 3 Developing People and Communities Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

scientists to attend to meet members of the ‘young’ refers to the developmental period • Regular seminars exploring neuroscience, Premier’s Women’s Council. This provided from pre-birth to 25 years of age. the social sciences and public policy excellent networking opportunities for further • Web-based information development/planning. The project has multiple objectives including: • Mechanisms for exploring the extent to which many currently accepted Summary • Bringing research neuroscientists and professional practices are based on If we are to maximize our scientifi c capital practitioners together for mutual benefi t evidence from the neurosciences as a society, then we need to recruit and • Promoting a collaborative (cross- • Ongoing mechanisms to promote retain as many women as possible in science, disciplinary) approach between discussion between neuroscientists and engineering, and technology. While little has professionals from different disciplinary practitioners working with children and been set in train to date , implementation backgrounds e.g. social work, psychology, their families of the SET Fair recommendations should be educational professionals, medicine, • A Research in review newsletter to explain feasible within a reasonable timeframe. physiotherapists etc. with the aim of the implications of neuroscience research improving service delivery for the social and behavioural sciences and • Promoting a common understanding of practitioners VII. Health and Community Services the impact of neurological activity on • Neuroscience helpline to provide an human behaviour opportunity for specifi c issues arising in South Australia are similar to those in the An understanding of the Brain Sciences can • Promoting a closer relationship between from practice to be discussed with SET Fair report such as a lack of support and prove helpful in at least three areas within neuroscience and the social and neuroscientists information for girls choosing SET subjects at Health and Community Services yet the behavioural sciences school through to diffi culties combining career following are really just instances where • Stimulating the development of innovative In 2005 a second seminar was held on the topic and family life in a demanding industry. Despite progress has been started within my residency, approaches to interventions with children of The Adolescent Brain: How can we undo the various educational activities to encourage and perhaps would be best regarded as and their families based on the insights of harm with a focus on the insights neuroscience girls to consider SET careers and programs prototypes for further initiatives. neuroscience can provide into young people with self- to assist women working in the industry, for • Exploring the implications of developments harming behaviours. Demand for this seminar example mentoring, few organisations have VII.a. Seminars on the Young Brain in neuroscience for public policy exceeded that anticipated by a factor of 4, the resources to make a signifi cant impact on Working with the Department of Health, indicating profound interest in the topic by the this area. To change this, more co-ordination Department for Families and Communities In 2004 I participated in a one day seminar social and behavioural professionals working in is required to ensure that marketing and (Children, Youth and Family Services), which focused on the relationship between the health, education and community services information activities send a consistent Department for Education and Children’s early brain development and optimal health areas. My own presentation identifi ed some message to young girls and that support for Services (DECS), South Australian Neuroscience and social outcomes for children and young of the factors infl uencing the adolescent brain women working in SET meets the needs of a Institute (SANI). people: a workshop was subsequently held was complemented by a panel of three experts varied workforce. The recommendations made with a diverse group of professionals to inform from the areas of psychology, psychiatry and in this report can make a positive start to The Young Brain project aims to develop a long planning for the project. The information juvenile justice who focused on different address these issues. term and sustainable mechanism for ensuring collected at the workshop revealed that perspectives on adolescent self-harming that professionals working with children professionals would fi nd the following types behaviour. Project Catalyst gave a presentation to the and their families have access to up-to-date of activities useful: Premier’s Women’s Council meeting held on information on relevant developments in August 5, 2005, and invited leading women neuroscience. In the context of this project

46 47 Chapter 3 Developing People and Communities Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

In addition to contributing to the social sciences, VII.b. Volunteering for Science I was privileged to be selected as Volunteering VII.c. Open Day on Ageing neuroscience raises a range of questions for Working with Volunteers SA and Department for SA’s inaugural Volunteer for Science. My visit Working with Alzheimers Australia (SA) public policy. If full adult brain development is Families and Communities to Cavan can be used to publicise the project and Flinders University. not achieved until the age of 25 approximately, and develop a volunteer pool of scientists who why are young people expected to assume The traditional image of volunteering within will visit Cavan and other settings. Other topics Like all Western communities South Australia adult responsibilities at age 18 and criminal social services is as far removed as possible to be covered in the future will be: Why do you is faced with the problem of caring for an responsibility at age 10. The continued from the image of cutting edge science. On get a buzz from driving fast? Why does your increasing number of elderly people. (Fig 10) development of neuroscience will raise further the other hand it is possible that the scientifi c heart beat fast when you are nervous? In the Sadly an increasing aged population will lead fundamental issues about how we as a society community could make a great contribution to fi rst instance VSA are looking for 12 scientists to to an increase in the diseases that characterize reconcile different disciplinary approaches to helping communities that are underprivileged each volunteer once a year to join the students old age such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s the individual. by showing that science can be of interest and at Cavan for a talk and forum on a science Disease. helpful to them. One example is to help those subject. This project provides an opportunity for a who are affected by drug related crime or who Over the past 20 years Alzheimer's Australia unique relationship between the neurosciences are exposed to drugs in their community learn (SA) has developed as a centre of excellence and social and behavioural sciences to be more about how drugs work. One example of providing a range of services and information established in South Australia, to the benefi t this was demonstrated through my residency for people with Alzheimer's disease, other of the community, particularly families and when I visited Cavan Training Centre. related dementias and memory loss while children receiving educational, health and placing signifi cant emphasis on the role and community services. Cavan Training Centre is a secure juvenile support of carers, whether they be family detention centre for young men who have been members, friends or professional staff. The Because of the potential for learning from charged and convicted of serious crime. Thirty-six organisation has a strategic mission to lead neuroscience to positively infl uence social students aged 16-18 were present to hear my talk in the provision of services and advocacy and behavioural sciences, and reciprocally for How do drugs work? to enhance the quality of life for people, the social and behavioural sciences to provide particularly the aged, living with the many insights for neuroscience, strategies which My visit to Cavan was part of Volunteering SA’s forms of memory loss. It has initiated many seek to apply the knowledge generated by initiative Volunteering for Science. This project innovative and forward thinking projects that neuroscience should be pursued. aims to encourage scientists to go volunteering embrace both state and national programs. to bring science to the public domain and to support all the volunteers already active in The Open Day on Ageing, at which I gave the science volunteering – whether it be in the keynote speech, aimed to connect researchers environment, in the classroom, in the lab or in and their most relevant research and practices the community. Volunteering SA has attracted with patients and their carers. The idea was to a volunteer to assist in the development of this have scientists discuss and demonstrate their project and is seeking resources to grow these most recent work directly with patients and plans from the business community and the the interested public. not-for-profi t volunteer involving organisations. • Joint venture between Parkinson's and Volunteer matching, referral and promotion Alzheimer's SA Open Day held on July 30 will be added to this work over the next year. 2005 at Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University

48 49 Chapter 4 Chapter 3 Developing People and Communities Building Capability and Infrastructure

• Approximately 200 people attended Conclusion However strong the collaborations, and VIII. Continuing Training for Teachers • Speakers included 6 scientists working The development of people and communities however willing and well-trained the – Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience in the research areas of Parkinson's is hard to quantify in terms of cost and its individuals and collective South Australian www.fl inders.edu.au/courses/postgrad/neuro.htm and Alzheimer's from nutrition to DNA achievement is hard to show with performance community, the potential gains from the mutation indicators. On the other hand people are the projects already described will depend fi rst • Laboratory visits were organised for most valuable component of a society and and foremost on strong internal capability Working with Department for Education members of the public and were their quality of life and its improvement is and infrastructure. We need to see how and Children’s Services, and South Australian enthusiastically taken up incalculable and of the uttermost importance. existing South Australian state institutions Neuroscience Institute (SANI). • Feedback indicated it to be a very benefi cial Many of the schemes described in this chapter can be expanded, or if necessary, new ones The Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience day with a high number of questions raised have already been set in train with great effect created, to provide a solid base for realising (Learning) is the fi rst of a series of Graduate at the conclusion of every talk but clearly need to be sustained and developed. the recommendations of this report. In this Programs designed to equip professionals • In summary the exercise was very valuable Some of the others which are still in the chapter we shall review the very different working in a range of fi elds with a basic and worth repeating next year theoretical stage could readily be developed recommendations that all work towards this knowledge of modern neuroscience delivered in since they are relatively light on resources goal. a context relevant to their professional practice. and depend more upon people and their The programs draw on the professional and interactions and attitudes. VIII. Continuing Training for Teachers educational expertise of members of the South – Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience Australian Neuroscience Institute (SANI) at 10: Population projections 1999-2051 Flinders University, The University of Adelaide Figure IX. Australian Science Media Centre and the University of South Australia. Although initially administered by Flinders University, -ALES!GE &EMALES X. Science Infrastructure and Research the Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience will a. Improved Liaison with the Premier  be developed as a genuine cross-institutional ¯ b. Improved Liaison between the Three degree. As such, the course begins to fulfi l ¯ Universities one of the major aims of SANI in developing ¯ c. Improved Liaison with Private sector  cross-disciplinary professional education in ¯ d. Beyond Start-Ups – Focus on Industry ¯  neuroscience. This is the fi rst program of its Building ¯ !"30OPULATION0ROJECTIONS type to be offered anywhere in Australia. ¯ e. Florey Precinct f. Attracting Scientists to South Australia ¯ The Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience ¯ (Learning) will focus on the application ¯ of principles of modern neuroscience to ¯ understanding how people learn in the ¯ ¯ classroom environment. The overall aim ¯ of the program is to provide a framework ¯ for understanding the principles of ¯ modern neuroscience; critically appraising ¯ neuroscientifi c literature as it applies to             learning; and application of the principles ³ ³ of neuroscience to understanding classroom

Source: A Framework for Living Longer, Living Better - A Strategy for an Ageing South Australia

50 51 Chapter 4 Building Capability and Infrastructure Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

practice and behaviour. Four new topics have The Graduate Certifi cate will run for the fi rst scientists. Over the last three years in the UK have noted that science and headline news been developed especially for the program. time in 2006 commencing in Semester One. As we have proven that such a forum is vital for are a ‘poor fi t’, the Centre works to ensure They are: Sensing and moving, perceiving and it becomes established, articulated Graduate democratising science in the 21st Century. that the scientifi c community exploits these acting; The learning brain; Knowing what we Diploma and Masters programs incorporating The overall goal is to increase informed public opportunities to make the case for science know: the neuroscience of cognition and The signifi cant research components will be offered debate on scientifi c issues. at the very time when the public are most behaving brain. Underpinning the delivery in subsequent years. interested in and concerned about science. of these cross-institutional topics will be the The Science Media Centre has added to the production of a common set of digital teaching Summary quality of science reporting in both printed and The Centre operates like a newsroom, reacting materials that will facilitate the quick and The Graduate Certifi cate in Neuroscience offers broadcast media in the United Kingdom. Given to the news agenda while proactively fl exible development of new educational unique opportunities for South Australian the availability of our copy and materials, as promoting a spectrum of scientifi c opinion. modules. teachers to act as exemplars to the profession well as a strong endorsement from the Premier It aims to gain a reputation with the media in showing how it can integrate with the wider of South Australia combined with experience for a fast, accurate and media friendly This course will produce a group of educators scientifi c research community. It is the fi rst ever of inaugural Chair Peter Yates, I have every response. It focuses primarily on non- with a much better understanding of brain such initiative, not just in Australia but in the confi dence that the Australian Science Media specialist correspondents and newsrooms function and appropriate critical appraisal world. Centre will succeed in the fastest possible time that do not have access to their own science skills to evaluate much of the neuro-scientifi c and have the maximum possible impact. correspondents. For the scientifi c community, literature which is in the public domain. Once suffi cient data has been gathered to the Centre offers a specialist resource to Engagement of professional educators with justify these initiatives, there will presumably scientists and science press offi cers when working neuroscientists will help develop real be a case for them to be conducted at a The UK Experience their science stories hit the headlines. It also linkages between research into brain function federal level. More specifi cally the Graduate www.ScienceMediaCentre.org runs a range of activities including media and educational practice, ultimately aiming to Certifi cate in Neuroscience for teachers could training, horizon scanning and lesson-learning improve the learning environment for teachers become an Australia-wide endeavour, enabling The UK Science Media Centre is an sessions aimed at improving the science and students alike. The generation of a ‘Library interchange of students, instructors and course independent venture working to promote community’s effectiveness at engaging of Ideas’ derived from assessment exercises material between the states. the voices, stories and views of the scientifi c with the news media. The Science Media will create an on-going resource for research community to the news media when science Centre is unashamedly pro-science and was projects and evaluation. is in the headlines. With its roots in the House established in the spirit of the House of IX. Australian Science Media Centre of Lords’ Select Committee on Science and Lords’ Select Committee’s goal of improving The development of the program has been www.aussmc.org Technology Third Report: Science and Society, science communication as a means to ‘secure strongly supported by the SA Department of it takes up the gauntlet thrown down by the science’s license to practice not to restrict it’. Education and Children's Services (DECS) who Working with media, industry, corporate Lords to meet the ‘great challenge’ of adapting However, the Centre is free of any particular have undertaken to provide 15 scholarships sponsorships and scientists. science to frontline news. agenda within science and will always strive to a year for three years to allow teachers to promote a broad spectrum of scientifi c opinion participate in this program. Most of the face- The Australian Science Media Centre (AusSMC) The overall goal of the Centre is to help renew – especially where there are clear divisions to-face teaching sessions will take place at the is a very timely initiative that continues the public trust in science by working to promote within science. It will not shy away from Education Development Centre at Hindmarsh. work that was started by the Science Media more balanced, accurate and rational coverage promoting voices that are critical of particular Centre at the Royal Institution (Ri) in London. As of the controversial science stories that now aspects of science. such, I am delighted to endorse a similar facility regularly hit the headlines. The Science Media in Australia, which will enable the media to Centre sees science in the headlines as an gain fast access to informed and articulate opportunity rather than a threat. While many

52 53 Chapter 4 Building Capability and Infrastructure Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

The Science Media Centre is housed within the To assist in the establishment of the AusSMC, In addition, AusSMC acts as the facilitator University of Adelaide, Prime TV and Dupont. Royal Institution but independent from it. Over the UK staff have been on hand to help and between journalists and scientists in providing The Government of South Australia through 20 sponsors, including scientifi c institutions, advise AusSMC in its early stages, and the strong proactive connections between the the Department of Premier and Cabinet has companies and individuals, fund the Centre Director of the UK Science Media Centre, cultures of science and the media. signifi cantly supported the development of the with donations capped at 5% of the running Fiona Fox, joined the Board of the Aus SMC. The AusSMC. This has been in the form of fi nancial costs to preserve its independence. The team Project Catalyst, Linda Cooper was appointed Sponsorship support for infrastructure set-up costs in at the Centre is guided by a Science Advisory Interim CEO and worked closely with Peter Yates, Guided by the contacts and energies of the 2004/2005 year and considerable in kind Panel and a Board. who kindly accepted the challenge of being the Peter Yates, AusSMC has been tremendously assistance including: inaugural Chair of the AusSMC. The development successful in attracting sponsorship. At • Provision of a fulltime Project Offi cer/ The Australian Experience of the Aus SMC has been furious and frenetic the time of completion of this report, total Board Secretary position, Geoff Robertson The Australian Science Media Centre (AusSMC) and it opened for business in late 2005. (See sponsorship raised is over $400,000. • Assistance from Crown Solicitors Offi ce is a national independent media centre based Appendix 2, p89) and the Director, Commercial Advice, on the successful Science Media Centre in The sponsors have largely been recruited from Department of Premier and Cabinet Pam the UK. The Centre is located in the Armory Becky Morelle, co-founder of the SMC in the the Australian media industry. Key science Martin Building behind the South Australian Museum UK, was seconded from the UK centre to carry organizations in Australia were also targeted. • One-off cash grant of $150,000 and was incorporated on March 1, 2005. out a national consultation report to inform To ensure the independence of the AusSMC, the Centre’s Board of Management on the a ceiling of 10% of total operating costs was Johnson, Winter and Slattery have agreed to establishment of the Centre. As with the UK’s placed on all sponsorship opportunities. Each provide legal advice to the AusSMC on a Pro consultation exercise, this was designed to look Foundation sponsor has contributed $30,000 Bono arrangement. at how AusSMC could be value-added to what per annum for two years. This includes the already exists within the Australian science opportunity to participate in the formation of media, and to examine which niches it could the AusSMC through Board representation for fi ll. The consultation process was strategically the two year period sponsorship period. planned and focused on interviews with a cross-section of key stakeholders for AusSMC, The full complement for Foundation Sponsors such as news editors, science and medical has been achieved and includes Fairfax , ABC, journalists, scientists, communication offi cers, PBL , News Limited , Macquarie Bank, CSIRO, and science communicators. It took place over Shell Australia, ResMed, Royal Australian a period of 6 weeks and meetings were carried Chemical Institute and Ernst and Young. AusSMC Armory Building South Australian out in Adelaide, Canberra, Brisbane, Sydney and Museum Adelaide Melbourne, together with phone interviews to A second tier of sponsors called Gold cover other areas of Australia. sponsorship was created to increase revenue Although the concept for AusSMC is based on and ensures recognition in all AusSMC printed that of the UK Science Media Centre, the two The role of the Centre is to respond proactively material and on the web, and invitations to Photo by Tony Lewis. organisations share no formal or contractual and reactively when a major science news all AusSMC functions. Gold sponsors are also relationship. I have, however, enabled all of the story hits the headlines. It keeps a database able to place specifi c issues on the agenda UK’s Science Media Centre intellectual property of Australian scientifi c experts who are media of the AusSMC board and participate in the to be provided to the AusSMC. savvy and prepared to give interviews directly discussion on that item. Gold Sponsors to date to the media in the timeframe required. include: Johnston, Winter and Slattery, The

54 55 Chapter 4 Building Capability and Infrastructure Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Governance The AusSMC was offi cially launched by Summary X.a. Improved Liaison with The Premier the Premier, Hon Mike Rann and myself on AusSMC is set to be a huge success. A great The need for a closer understanding between August 2, 2005. Over 100 representatives deal has been achieved in a short time and the scientists and politicians was identifi ed from media, industry, government and future looks bright. early in my 2004 residency as a key issue. science attended the launch to celebrate the The Premier’s Science and Research Council completion of minor works of the offi ce space, is the primary link between the scientifi c its telecommunications facilities, fi nancial X. Science Infrastructure and Research community and the state politicians: this body independence and the announcement of our has recently been reconstituted under a new new CEO, Dr Susannah Eliott. On that day I was Working with South Australian Neuroscience Chair, Professor Max Brennan. Discussions with Professor Brennan have identifi ed a central honoured to be appointed to the position of Institute (SANI), Healthy Development Adelaide diffi culty in that currently the Council attempt Patron of AusSMC. (HDA), University of South Australia, The to resolve detailed issues too technical and AusSMC Board. Photo by Rosey Boehm. University of Adelaide, Flinders University, Bio time-consuming for the involvement of the Innovation SA, Playford Capital, Premier’s Science Premier, yet at the same time need to cater for Board members include: Premier of South Dr Susannah Eliott, CEO of AusSMC and Research Council, Department of Further broad policy directives. Meanwhile the current Australia, The Hon Mike Rann, Fiona Fox, Education, Employment, Science and Technology. composition of the Council means that urgent Director, Science Media Centre, UK, Mr Robyn problems (e.g. the recent poor performance in Williams, ABC, Dr Tim Flannery, Scientist, As we saw in Chapter One, South Australia the funding round) remain undiscussed, whilst Director, SA Museum, Mr Mark Scott, Editor- is dropping behind the other states in most the Premier is in any event unable to commit in-Chief, Metropolitan Newspapers, Fairfax measures of federal research income. In the hours of time at a stretch to attend all or Holdings Limited, Associate Professor Rob most recent funding round, SA performed indeed sometimes any meetings. Morrison, Science Broadcaster, Gary Linnell, particularly badly. Editor in Chief, The Bulletin, Mr Melvin Mansell, One possibility explored with Professor Editor in Chief, The Advertiser, Mr Warwick Photo by Rosey Boehm. This trend is particularly serious for the Brennan is to separate these two goals. The Smith, Head of Corporate Communications, following reasons: fi rst suggestion is to excuse the Premier from Macquarie Bank, Dr Donna Staunton, CSIRO, Dr Susannah Eliott is a science • Future wealth creation will depend Council meetings, which could then have a Tim Warren, Chairman, Shell Companies of communicator with a PhD in cell biology increasingly on science-based industries; far more technical remit. Accordingly, the Australia, Mr James Miller, CEO, Ernst and from Macquarie University (Susannah and composition of the Council should be reviewed Young, Mr Kieran Gallahue, President and COO, studied cellular communication in the • All of the proposals in this report are to ensure that a critical mass of scientists is present, along with those responsible for ResMed, Dr Greg Simpson, Royal Australian strange and wonderful soil creatures called predicated on a critical mass of talented implementation of funding. Meanwhile a Chemical Institute and Dr Susannah Eliot, slime moulds), a Graduate Diploma in and enthusiastic scientists. monthly ‘Premier’s Science Briefi ng’ could be CEO, AusSMC. Journalism from the University of Technology, implemented where the Council meet with the Sydney and close to 13 years of practical It is essential that the current negative trend Premier and any other interested politicians, AusSMC also requires the support of scientifi c experience in science communication with in loss of scientifi c talent not only be reversed, to address a specifi c topic of the Premier’s 2000, experts and has formed a Science Advisory media as her primary focus. Since but transformed into a unique and positive choosing, eg ‘Nanotechnology’ or a policy Panel to provide scientifi c advice by responding Susannah has been Communications scenario. Such a scenario would offer incoming issue such as ‘Spinning out companies from to requests referred by the AusSMC from media Manager for the International Geosphere- scientists an intellectual environment that universities’. If these meeting were held over a organisations. Science Advisory Panel members Biosphere Program, Sweden. IGBP is an went beyond that currently offered them in light lunch or evening drinks, they would serve are also instrumental in enhancing the profi le international research network of scientists the institutions in other states and indeed a second function of overcoming the cultural and coverage of science in the media in working on global environmental change. I countries. But the fi rst essential is that they divide between politicians and scientists. Australia. (See Appendix 3, p90) welcome Susannah to the position and wish have adequate funds and facilities for their her success in this exciting venture. core activity of original research.

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It may be true to say that not all members of 3) Third, and perhaps the most controversial, the Premier’s Science and Research Council would be to exchange spaces within each SA Cluster Example feel truly represented. The membership of the university building so that, for certain South Australian Premier’s Science and Research Council could activities/subjects, members of University Neuroscience Institute (SANI) be reviewed to ensure that each university of South Australia and The University of in the State is represented at the table when Adelaide would have an enclave within www.sani.edu.au major science policy and infrastructure Flinders University and visa versa. investments are discussed to ensure maximum SANI was conceived in 2003, established by Its activities include research, public collaboration and investment potentials for the Considerable collaborative projects are agreement of the three SA Universities in education, professional and research State are realised. already in development between the state’s 2004 and launched in August of the same education, commercialisation and services. universities. Appendix 1, p82 compiled year during the fi rst component of my recently by the Pro VC of Research from each residency. SANI increases representation of SA interests X.b. Improved Liaison Between of the universities gives many examples at a national and international level in the Three Universities of the trilateral collaborations that already SANI comprises most neuroscientists in SA matters relating to brain functions and Whilst research in South Australia is beginning exist between the three South Australian from the three Universities and from other diseases. It represents a unifi ed resource for to form under the ‘Cluster’ arrangement and Universities. institutions and agencies including CSIRO, SA people engaged in other human activities scientists with shared interest are beginning to DSTO, Hospitals, Bio Innovation SA, etc. Its including arts, technological, biotechnological work together irrespective of their particular The Research Clusters members attract more than 10 million dollars and social sciences. campus, clearly the universities will need to Among the particular initiatives mentioned are in research funds. SANI is Chaired by Professor work together closely to present a critical a large number of research clusters in South Marcello Costa, Professor of Neurophysiology, SANI is unique in Australia in its scope and mass. In particular, the geography of Flinders Australia. The two with which I have been most School of Medicine, Flinders University. composition. It is an example of researchers University, relatively far from the city centre involved are the South Australian Neuroscience and educational practitioners coming compared to the other two Universities, Institute (SANI), and Healthy Development SANI promotes the understanding of how the together, with the full support of the higher presents a clear problem. There are three ways Adelaide (HDA). nervous system and the brain work and how education and research institutions, to create in which this geographical distance could be this knowledge can help society. Its major a critical mass in South Australia. circumvented: activities aim to increase the cooperation between research institutions, relevant SA 1) Provision of a free non-stop shuttle Government Departments, patient groups, bus system between the central city and the general public within SA. universities and a central site of the campus at Flinders University

2) Development of state of the art webstreaming and webcasting between the three sites at Flinders, South Adelaide and Central Adelaide so that interactions can become increasingly virtual

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Summary X.c. Improved Liaison with Private Sector Yet academic research can meander: it would SA Cluster Example Research clusters provide a way of liaising Due to the explosion of biotechnology, not be within the scientists’ mindset to focus Healthy Development Adelaide (HDA) with scientists of the ‘union’ without biasing information technology and nanotechnology, on a specifi c project if something potentially one university over another. Above all, if they all of which require cutting edge science, the more scientifi cally exciting distracted them. www.adelaide.edu.au/hda are intended to stay organic, they will change rise of university spin-outs has truly been an or disperse according to talents and needs international phenomenon over the last 20 • Management Structure In 2001, the Federal Government’s National from one year to the next. This makes them a years. However, South Australian universities, Agenda for early childhood looked at very valuable resource because they are much as with most of their counterparts outside Academics do not understand why investors maximising the future of Australian children more fl exible than liaising with individual the USA, have not taken full advantage of respect, to the extent they do, a sound and and families. This goes hand in hand with the universities because they are smaller, involve exploiting the intellectual property arising experienced management structure. Their Government’s National Research Priority 2 fewer people, and are highly strategic. They are from the research conducted on their premises. perception is that the CEO is paid stratospheric – Promoting and Maintaining Good Health with ‘A Healthy Start to Life’ being the fi rst also appropriate as a good basis for building on sums that would buy them instead several goal. and drawing from your scientifi c talents. The general bottlenecks for universities lower paid junior scientists. Investment in are as follows: management structure would therefore be Following on from this, The University Providing supporting State funding in the seen as a waste of time and money. On the of Adelaide is encouraging internal form of postgraduate scholarships would • Expectation contrary, investors look to a good management collaborations between the various faculties, provide a catalyst to drive the momentum structure as more important than interesting departments and research disciplines to and fl exibility of building these collaborations Scientists often confuse the goals of blue- or innovative technology. increase the level of quality research output, across disciplines and institutions. These sky research (eg in the long term to cure attract more external funding and investment, scholarships would also provide a platform for Alzheimer’s disease) with the much more • Early Stage – Catch 22 provide a wide-reaching profi le and to spread the research clusters to leverage Federal funds, realistic and immediate expectations of awareness of the University to local, national thus increasing the potential for SA to attract specifi c milestones that need to be met every The average academic would be unable to and international students and researchers. Federal investments. The areas of research few months. write a business plan. Even I, who have spun One research focus area was ‘Healthy selected could in turn contribute to areas of out three and a half companies, would not Development’ with HDA being established direct interest to Cabinet and the progression They would frequently regard money from know quite where to start! 2004. in June of South Australia’s Strategic Plan. One could the private sector as a glorifi ed grant. Any think of these grants as the ‘Premier’s Graduate investor who has had any experience already Moreover, a good business plan is needed for HDA is led by Professors Robert Norman and Studentships’. of academics taking the money and running investment: however, investment comes only Caroline McMillen and currently includes might well be deterred. Even with the best will once funds are viable and one can hire a CEO: over 90 researchers from all 5 Faculties This is not to necessarily force academics to in the world, an academic will typically try and but a CEO is needed to write the business plan. representing 21 disciplines, with interests work on areas that the Government wants, spin out a company or gain investment for The only way out of this gridlock is to lure a spanning basic, clinical and social sciences and economic and cultural disciplines with direct but it is a way of the Government showing an their work at too early a stage, when proof of potential CEO in for sweat equity with the relevance to healthy development. interest in basic science and freeing up funds concept still needs to be clarifi ed. hope that they are willing to take a risk. This is that would then be competitive. a tough call and might not necessarily entice HDA is advised by a Steering Group Similarly the expectation of the investors is as the most effective potential CEO. (consisting of research leaders drawn from with ‘normal’ companies, that there are clear various disciplines) and supported by separate milestones, well-defi ned and well-thought Working Groups along with a Network out, complete with well-trained staff with the & Communications Offi cer appointed to expertise and habit of working towards them. maintain communications and membership.

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• Intellectual Property (IP) Ownership immediate exits and usually a principle that Similarly, investors do require behaviours that But start-ups are often only appropriate most people can understand. We need to think are not part of the academic scene for example for IP which can have a large, Many universities, eg Cambridge, allow the of ways of levelling the pitch, on the other Good Laboratory Practice, management transformational impact on a global market. inventor to retain the IP whereas others, eg hand, the constraints of Biotech make it easier structure, ability to understand milestones and For lesser IP, start-ups may fi nd it too diffi cult Oxford, will not. This inconsistency in university to be spun-out from universities, whereas with indeed to write business plans. to compete with established concerns. Usually, conditions is a great bottleneck to investors, IT, universities are not necessarily the lowest only start-ups with the best prospects are as is the general technology transfer attitude. hanging fruit and therefore have tended to Summary able to attract the specialized management Most university technology transfer staff are remain, as within Adelaide, under-exploited. These bottlenecks are generic and not specifi c required for success. When successful, start-ups on public sector salaries and are very much to South Australia nor are they particularly are often sold to overseas concerns, taking outnumbered by the scientists, eg in Oxford • The Investor/Scientist/University Triangle insuperable. On the other hand, there are most of the on-going benefi ts away from the for example, there are 500 scientists to each alternative approaches to commercialising region. Finally, they can serve to drain away technology transfer offi cer. There is no way In general, relations are poor between science without necessarily spinning out excellent staff from Universities. Even if these that, even with the projects in hand, the staff these three constituencies because they companies. During my 2005 Residency, I met staff maintain a connection with their parent can appropriately nurture and manage fully have confl icting agendas and do not really with representatives from Playford Capital, institutions, getting a start-up going leaves each individual project. It is still harder for understand the language and goals of the a South Australian government funded little room for concentrating on anything else. them to be proactive, knocking on the door other. The pure innovative scientist really just technology investment company, who were of the departments, overviewing what is wants money to do their research and not to able to suggest wide-ranging ways in which Start-ups are therefore not a panacea. I believe happening with the science. One of the biggest be ‘soiled’ by having to go on profi t motives, university science could be commercialised in there is potential for larger, innovation-focused problems is that much technology might be moreover, they are very sensitive to any South Australia. enterprises with the following characteristics: just slipping through the cracks. constraints on freedom to publish. • Excellent local and international sales capability, as required for market-driven One ‘solution’, that I don’t think that I have In my own view of funding, even from big X.d. Beyond Start-Ups – research mentioned, might be to recruit McKinsey pharmaceutical companies, this is not a Focus On Industry Building • Excellent commercial management interns to act as talent scouts, whilst problem as lawyers are happy with an abstract A key goal of commercialisation policy must • Internal product development capability themselves learning more about science in the fi rst instance, which can then be cleared be to promote development of local industry, • Links to Universities and other research and the scientists’ agenda. McKinsey is a even before the full paper is written for not only to produce Intellectual Property (IP) institutions, providing a fl ow of new management consulting fi rm advising leading publication. which is licensed or sold to concerns elsewhere. innovations in one direction, and market companies on issues of strategy, organization, Only with a growing local innovation industry intelligence to guide new research in the technology, and operations. I put my idea to a Meanwhile, the university does not necessarily base does the innovation process become self- other Mr McLean who has worked for McKinsey for 25 have the scientists’ best interests to heart and sustaining on a worthwhile scale. • Not intended to replace or compete with years and he thought that it was a great idea. are concerned, in the UK at least, more with the existing University commercialisation making a quick buck. Sometime, they require Spinning off University IP into new start-up arms, but rather to provide them with new • Biotech VERSUS IT so much that they deter investors, as has been companies is one way of helping to achieve and more robust channels into the market, the case at Oxford sometimes, where investors this. Where successful, start-ups attract in addition to their current activities Biotech suffers hugely compared to IT since are quite understandably deterred by the capital, provide outlets for research workers' the burn rate is high, the risk high, the exit insistence of 50% equity pre-money with no entrepreneurial aspirations, attract other long and not obvious and the understanding investment on behalf of the university. entrepreneurs to the region and enhance the of the technology poor. By contrast, IT has State's reputation for innovation. a low burn rate, low risk, and obvious more

62 63 Chapter 4 Building Capability and Infrastructure Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Such enterprises will be able to spread • Commercially, an individual piece of IP The most critical issue of all is to establish overheads over a range of products and usually represents only a small proportion the buy-in of the scientists as a critical mass. services, allowing them to hire better of the fi nal value of a product or service, Only then will it be possible to facilitate the management and better sales teams, and compared to the investment in sales, establishment of a wonderful new science as a result commercialise more IP. marketing, further product development facility in Frome Road, Adelaide. and other commercial activities. Often the They would serve as magnets for attracting IP has value only in conjunction with IP capital and research and business skills to from other sources. Universities too often X.e. Florey Precinct the region, as well as other businesses. If fail to understand this view and demand The Florey Precinct, centred on North Terrace suffi ciently large and deep-rooted, even an unrealistically high valuations for their IP. and Frome Road in the City, represents a hub eventual sale to an international concern • Universities need to have more of health and medical activity which has would leave much of the operation in SA. They standardised, commercial processes and the opportunity to become a major driver of A separate but no less important issue is the could offer entrepreneurial researchers rewards terms for licensing and selling IP. The economic development in South Australia lack of research space within the Precinct, and recognition, while not consuming all of perception remains that it is hard to do through a package of initiatives to develop it compounded by ageing and out-of-date their attention in start-up management issues. deals with Universities, and that too often as a nationally and internationally renowned infrastructure. Universities insist on retaining control over location for excellence in health and medical I highly recommend a detailed study of these IP in ways which discourage deals. R&D, health education and knowledge transfer Proposed Solutions concepts and how they might be implemented to clinical practice. Some initiative could be funded from the in SA. All of these problems occur to some extent public sector, however other revenue streams everywhere in the world. Addressing them Although the Precinct accounts for a large could come from incubator facilities set up University IP issues effectively requires the market-driven focus proportion of the State’s scientifi c, health and within the precinct. The university commercialisation arms work we advocate here. This in turn requires a medical workforce, and attracts about $70m hard at identifying IP within their institutions commitment to cultural change on the part p.a. in research and related funds from outside A major capital works initiative for the Florey and putting it in shape for delivery to the of senior University administrators. the State, the Precinct lacks a signifi cant Precinct is the fl agship and landmark building market. Nevertheless, problems persist with research profi le and is already experiencing to serve as the new headquarters of the University IP: To progress the opportunities that are declining success in attracting national Precinct and to house signifi cant R&D activity. available to SA through commercialisation, it is research funds (eg. SA’s share of National A major capital investment (upwards of $30m) From an investor's perspective: important to engage the key decision makers of Health and Medical Research Council grants is envisaged. • Only a small amount of University IP is the State from these respective areas. fell from 11.8% in 1996 to 8.1% in 2004). ready for commercialisation. Even if it has Support for these initiatives does not commit good commercial potential, it usually needs To this end, I suggest that the Premier’s Science A signifi cant opportunity exists to reverse the State Government to future major capital a lot more fundamental work to achieve and Research Council meet with the Economic current trends through strategic investment investments in the Precinct but provides an this. Doing that work may or may not be Development Board to jointly develop a in an area of research strength for the State. overall strategy by which Precinct stakeholders of interest to University researchers; quite strategy that explores the potential for an Such investment would also be consistent with can plan their own capital works. Importantly, often they may feel that they have solved independent centralised body that can provide recommendations to re-balance the health the measures aim to demonstrate State the major science problems, and that the a critical mass for the State and support for system towards health promotion, illness Government support and commitment to the rest is ‘detail’. But that ‘detail’ may represent academics. prevention and early intervention. Precinct thus allowing Precinct partners to an unfi lled gap on the way to commercial conduct long-term planning and approach fulfi lment.

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other potential investors/contributors scouts based in each academic campus All these schemes are dependent on the buy- • ‘Bragg’ Fellowships of 1 year for post- eg. philanthropic causes or private sector • a child care centre for all staff in of the scientists. Until now, the ‘scientifi c doctoral level (typically 25-35 years old) investment. • a focus for activity linking the sciences mindset’ has not been directed to issues and the arts including a performance or other than one’s immediate bench research. • ‘Summer’ Fellowships for the vacation The Florey Precinct development could provide exhibition space A current issue not to be underestimated is the period in the Northern hemisphere ie June, a nodal point for international collaborations • facilities for school groups to visit the site broadening of the scientifi c mind to include July, August for tenured, senior academics and multidisciplinary activity. It could be a and act as a facilitator for all education more societal issues, and for scientists to see and for reciprocal visits in December- test bed for trialing innovative approaches activity across all Precinct developments themselves in a wider context. February for Australian students to developing research teams and funding, encouraging participation from all sectors and The Florey Precinct provides SA with not Whilst many incentives as possible might It could be a requirement, indeed an incentive, building on a greater understanding of the only the opportunity to develop on its research be provided, it will probably be the case that that in both cases the recipient participate not spectrum of research grant opportunities. strengths in a leading edge fi eld, but to also the whole will be more than the sum of the only in a guest university lecture, but also the This report endorses the South Australian become an exemplary Centre nationally for the parts and gradually the recommendations other, more integrated activities commended in Government’s proposal to invest in the Precinct democratisation of science, providing a high detailed here will contribute to a more general this report. development, however, we also recommend profi le, high energy focus for science, creating environment or scenario. I am not suggesting that other areas are expanded, or placed in a the environs and networks where collaborative just legislating or changing the rules, rather Summary wider context. It is essential that the Florey activities are encouraged and supported. a gradual change in mindset to enhance the Whilst the Graduate Certifi cate in Precinct service the interest of the community In this way, the Ri could be used as a model. Note state’s talent and creativity. Neuroscience and the Australian Science Media directly and it can do this in two further ways. that the Ri receives no money whatsoever from Centre are already underway and showing First is by promoting wealth and creation Government, it is a self-funding organisation. Of course, the improvements and innovations signs of traction it is the Florey Precinct through spin outs not necessarily in the I see South Australia’s Florey Precinct as having outlined so far in this chapter would provide that is the most ambitious, most expensive, biomedical area, and second by open access the potential to be an Ri Down Under and to be a clear incentive, as would the opportunity the longest term and indeed would have to as many public events as possible including for Australia what the Ri is for the UK. to participate in unique initiatives such as the most impact in achieving the general school events, but also for the general public. Twinning Teachers with Scientists, Science recommendations set out here in establishing I strongly recommend South Australia seizes Outside The Square, and the Australian a science and technology base in South In addition, the Florey Precinct could include: the opportunity of capitalising on such a major Science Media Centre. However this portfolio Australia. investment and certainly recommend that the of experiences and the special intellectual • an incorporated base for Science Outside Precinct become an icon for SA. environment that Adelaide could offer, needs On the one hand for certain activities the Ri can The Square to be brought to the attention of any potential provide a very good model on which to craft • a base for other science communication newcomer. a multi-use multi-funded institution. On the activities in SA, creating a national presence X.f. Attracting Scientists to South Australia other hand the funds for new building works • space for an expanded Australian Science Even if all the research clusters fl ourish and One way, aside from word-of-mouth, chance are quite considerable as would be the changes Media Centre garner funds, even if the Florey Precinct publicity, or happenstance, would be to in lifestyle and culture for those working • interactive IT and extensive communication provides state-of-the-art facilities, and even introduce short-term fellowship schemes that within the universities as well as the general systems to link to regional, national and if an attractive investment environment is enabled top quality scientists to sample life public. Nonetheless, if such an endeavour could international areas through SABRENET and developed, the essential ingredient remains in Adelaide fi rsthand. Two levels of Fellowship be achieved and be successful the benefi ts AARNET linkages the talented scientists themselves that South would be optimal: to Adelaide and South Australia would be • a centralised incubator for Australia will need to retain and indeed attract incalculable. commercialisation activities with talent from out of state and internationally.

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From Creativity to Innovation Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

The ten initiatives proposed as the This chapter explores how each initiative initiatives. Acknowledging the changing face recommendations of this report are framed may be implemented. In each case I suggest of science funding, the initiatives suggest Linda Cooper within the three key objectives of the South various factors which must be considered and developing commercial collaborations, Project Director, Bragg Initiative Australian Government’s Science Technology be in place. First a Champion, second a Lead sponsorships, leveraging opportunities, and Innovation 10 year vision (STI 10) for science Agency and third strategies including funding maximising international links. Linda is a consultant for development in the State. opportunities. public programs and Whole of Government/ State Commitment policy development. Momentum Through Collaboration The Champions Recognising the success, commitment and She has worked for the The role of the Champion recognises the enthusiasm of the Project Catalyst Advisory National Science and I Bragg Initiative leadership and infl uence of individuals who are Group in driving my ideas during 2004/2005, Technology Centre, The II Oxford Centre for Science of the Mind committed to see these initiatives strengthen I recommend that a Working Group be set Investigator, Art Gallery of SA, and the III James Martin 21st Century School into realities for South Australia. As iconic up to oversee the implementation of these Federal Government. She has served on the leaders within the community, government new initiatives. The membership of this group New Media Board of the Australia Council Developing People and Communities and commercial sectors, they will lend their should include representatives from within for the Arts and the Australian Network for endorsement to the projects to allow for and outside government to ensure maximum Art and Technology. She has qualifi cations IV Science Outside the Square maximum success. This could be in the areas impact and involvement across the State. in the sciences, arts and communications V Twinning Scientists & Teacher of fundraising or promotion of the initiative. and has developed collaborative projects Program Another role of the Champion is to maximise Within the Department of Premier and Cabinet that bring these cultures together both 2004 VI Women in Science, Engineering and opportunities within both public and private a new position to manage the initiatives has in Australia and internationally. In Technology sectors nationally and internationally. been created as the lead agency to drive the she was appointed as Project Catalyst to VII Health and Community Services implementation of these ideas across the implement Baroness Greenfi eld’s ideas. Lead Agencies whole of government and to maximize their Building Capacity and Infrastructure The Lead Agency recommended for each potential and impact. Linda Cooper will fi ll initiative has been identifi ed as the most this role as Project Director, Bragg Initiative, Alicia Gigante VIII Continuing Training for Teachers appropriate agency within the SA Government Department Premier and Cabinet. Resources Research Assistant, Bragg Initiative IX Australian Science Media Centre to drive the initiative from idea to innovation. have also been made available for a Research X Science Infrastructure and Research The role of the Lead Agency is to maximise Assistant to support this position. This position Alicia has worked in partnership opportunities nationally and has been awarded to Alicia Gigante. local government for internationally, to ensure the initiative over eight years in the Exciting though these initiatives are, they continually strengthens links to South areas of governance and could be dismissed merely as ‘creative’ ideas. Australia’s Strategic Plan, to actively promote community services. Yet many of them have already been realized the initiatives within appropriate networks, to She has completed while others are still to make the all-important encourage participation from their own sectors, management studies and continues transition to the realisation of their innovation and, recognising the importance of horizontal to pursue her interest in public sector within the existing machinery of South integration, to work collaboratively to build management within the arts and sciences. Australian Government. relationships across and outside government. In July 2005 she was appointed as assistant The implementation of these initiatives also to Adelaide Thinker in Residence, Baroness looks to identifying resource opportunities Professor Susan Greenfi eld. connected to each of the ten suggested

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Champion • build on the partnerships already was one of the founders of the Cognitive The Ten Initiatives Mr Robert Champion established under the Bragg Initiative Sciences course. He is a Fellow of the Australian de Crespigny, AC • work with The University of Adelaide Academy of Science and a member of the I Bragg Initiative Robert Champion de towards establishing a Bragg Chair in Australian Academy of Brain Sciences. Crespigny is Chairman of the Structural Biology or X-ray crystallography. The relationship developed between the Royal Economic Development • making of Bragg documentary, for TV Lead agency Institution and Adelaide during my 2004-2005 Board of South Australia, an and DVD South Australian Neuroscience Institute (SANI) residency to be extended to explore further Advisory Board created by Premier Mike Rann • establish ‘Bragg’ Fellowships of 1 year for collaborative activities, programs, research and in April 2002. He was the Chairman and Chief post-doctoral level Strategies resource opportunities both internationally Executive of Normandy Mining Limited from • potential distribution of Ri Christmas • explore existing parallel and and in South Australia based on the science 1985 until 2002. From June 2000 until July 2004, Lectures on Australian TV complimentary research projects through research arm and democratisation of science/ Mr de Crespigny was the Chancellor of The • potential collaboration with Davy-Faraday SANI membership communication of science for the common University of Adelaide. He is presently Chairman Laboratory purposes of life objectives of the Ri. This will of a number of companies including Primelife • potential collaboration with World Science • track results of a number of visiting provide opportunities for South Australian Corporation Limited, Babcock & Brown Capital Assembly researchers to Oxford scientists to contribute their skills, knowledge Limited and Buka Minerals Limited. In 2002, • potential collaboration with Science Corps and energies to develop a southern hemisphere Mr de Crespigny was awarded the Companion • assist with establishing future research chapter for these developing international of the Order of Australia Medal for his service capability activities. to the mining industry, to business and to the II Oxford Centre for the community in the areas of cultural preservation Science of the Mind (OXCSOM) • assist SANI with funding application and education. www.oxcsom.ox.ac.uk to the Templeton Foundation. The mission of the Templeton Foundation is to pursue Lead Agency Opportunities for parallel and complimentary new insights at the boundary between Department Premier and Cabinet research programs through the work of the theology and science through a rigorous, South Australian Neuroscience Institute will be open-minded and empirically focused Strategies/Achievements explored with this pilot research program at methodology, drawing together talented • develop a number of pilot activities during Oxford University. representatives from a wide spectrum 2004/2005 of fi elds of expertise. www.templeton.org • use this momentum to attract participation, funding and further Champion partnerships and collaborations between Professor Marcello Costa III James Martin 21st Century School the Ri and Adelaide Marcello Costa is Merck, www.21school.ox.ac.uk • identify the most appropriate counterpart Sharpe & Dohme Professor at the Ri with whom the person in Adelaide of Neurophysiology at The feasibility and future opportunities for could work in development of programs Flinders University and Chair South Australia to become an international and funding strategies of The South Australian partner in the James Martin 21st Century School • explore the model of the Ri in linking Neuroscience Institute. He is an editorial across relevant proposed Research Institutes communication, policy and science board member for several scientifi c journals. will be explored. Of particular interest is the research activity He established most topics in the fi eld of possibility for SA to become a community for Neurosciences at Flinders University and pilot study. Particular connections are planned

70 71 Chapter 5 From Creativity to Innovation Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

with the Institute for the Future of the Mind. It is Learn and Creating the Future (OECD) and Champion • work with the Ri in facilitating global planned that the Department of Education and the proposals of the Centre for Creativity Melvin Mansell participation in joint events including Children’s Services take leadership in identifying and Learning, Education Development Melvin Mansell began his webcasting or webstreaming the new desiderata for 21st century education Centre, Hindmarsh journalistic career in New through the exploration, identifi cation and • to establish a leadership post to create Zealand before joining News 1980 building of mutually benefi cial links between reciprocal relationships between South Limited as a reporter in . V Twinning Teachers education and science to generate new learning Australia and the Institute for the Future From 1984 he worked on and action across the disciplines. of the Mind and work closely with other newspapers in Hong Kong and London before and Scientist Program Bragg Initiatives through the Project returning to The Daily Telegraph in 1989. In www.sciencetwining.org.au Champion Director March 1999 he became the editor of The The Hon Mike Rann • map parallel research projects and future Advertiser. The continuing development of an online Mike Rann became South potential collaborations existing in SA environment that connects teachers with Australia’s 44th Premier after across universities, research organizations, Lead agency research scientists, and the exploration of the State election in March and other relevant government agencies, Department Premier and Cabinet opportunities for national and international 2002. He also holds the for example, the Department of Health relationships, and continuing education portfolios of Economic • host a two month visit from Deputy Strategies opportunities for teachers arising from these Development, Social Inclusion, the Arts and Director, Institute for the Future of the • establish prominent media ambassadors collaborations. Volunteers. He was fi rst elected to the South Mind, Dr Martin Westwell in 2006 for the program Australian Parliament in 1985 as the Member • produce a joint consultative report to form • monitor the impact of 2005 Science Champion for Briggs, later Ramsay. In December 1989 he the basis of future debate in both the Outside The Square Professor Richard Head was elected to the Labor Cabinet under Premier British Parliament and State and Federal • incorporate more innovative approaches to Professor Richard Head John Bannon, as Minister for Employment and Parliaments in Australia reaching out to community and increasing is the Director of CSIRO’s Further Education, Minister of Youth Affairs, participation through working with all the Preventative Health Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Minister Initiative’s Champions (P-Health) National Flagship Assisting in Ethnic Affairs. In September 1992 IV Science Outside the Square • broaden the funding strategy to include and Affi liate Professor in the Department of Clinical and Experimental he became Minister for Business and Regional www.science.sa.gov.au more cross-agency participation Development, Minister of Tourism and Minister • build on links between the arts and Pharmacology at The University of Adelaide. of State Services. After a brief period as Deputy A highly successful pilot program of Science sciences Formerly he was Chief of CSIRO’s Division of Leader of the Opposition, Mike became Leader Outside The Square events was held in 2005. • strengthen scientists’ participation in Health Sciences and Nutrition and prior to that of the Opposition in late 1994. Continued support for the Science Outside The the program regionally, nationally and Chief of CSIRO’s Division of Human Nutrition. Square program of events in 2006 and beyond internationally He served as Professor of Pharmacology and Lead agency will be provided by strengthening relationships • explore broadcast, online and networking Toxicology at West Virginia University Medical Department of Premier and Cabinet with the community, media and scientists opportunities for events via SABRENET and Centre, a Research Fellow with the Department and by brokering national and international AARNET connections through working with of Medicine at the University of Melbourne Strategies connections. South Australian Partnership in Advanced and Postdoctoral Fellow at the Roche Institute • establish a Working Steering group Computing (SAPAC) of Molecular Biology. Professor Head’s current to include representation from each • build on connections for regional broadcast research includes approaches to understanding contributing university, government in SA through DECS and TAFE technologies the protective action of dietary constituents in agency and education sector human health. • connect with existing research from DECS’ futures initiatives, specifi cally Learning to

72 73 Chapter 5 From Creativity to Innovation Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Lead agency Champion Education, Employment, Science and Strategies Department Education and Children’s Services Professor Caroline McMillen Technology (DFEEST) as the lead agency to • continue to build on success of the pilot (DECS) Caroline was appointed as enable effective links with South Australia’s program: The Young Brain 2004/ 2005 Chair of Physiology at The Strategic Plan science policy development which linked South Australian Neuroscience Strategies/Achievements University of Adelaide in 1992. and infrastructure planning Institute (SANI) with service providers • establish partners to assist the She is currently Pro VC, • develop further programs linking the development of the program Research, University of South neurosciences with Social Inclusion • recruit scientist and teachers to Australia, and engaged in VII Health and Community Services Strategies register with it high level policy and strategic planning • link SANI with Ageing Strategies The development of a number of initiatives 21 • develop the pilot scheme through further activities on behalf of the Australian Research • link with James Martin st century school with State Government that link neurosciences development of the website based at the Council (ARC), Rural Development Corporations, opportunities with health and community service providers in Australian Science and Mathematics School Australian and New Zealand Council for the • link with STI10 Florey Precinct through the particular in addressing issues of mental health • link with DECS’ Science and Mathematics Care of Animals in Research and Teaching activities of the Health and Medical Research and the developing brain. Strategy and establish DECS as the lead (ANZCCART) and for a range of Faculties, Council implementation agency Schools, Research Centres and multidisciplinary Champion • establish a relationship through a Research Clusters. She is the only Australian Monsignor David Cappo Memorandum of Understanding with Commission Chair of the International Union VIII Continuing Training for Teachers CSIRO to expand into a national project of Physiological Societies and is currently a Monsignor David Cappo is a • explore evaluation and research member of the National Health and Medical Catholic Priest and currently The establishment and support of ongoing opportunities Research Council (NHMRC) Enabling Grants the Vicar General of the collaborations between university sector • explore future continuing education Committee and the National Collaborative Archdiocese of Adelaide research and continued training opportunities and thus deputy to the opportunities for teachers using Twinning Research Infrastructure Scheme Expert Sub for South Australian teachers, in particular Archbishop of Adelaide. He was appointed as a basis for relationship building Committee on Promoting and Maintaining through linking neuroscientists and educators. • identify the appropriate contact person Good Health. Chair of the Social Inclusion Board of the South Australian Government in March 2002. at the Ri to extend the Twinning to an Champion Lead agency Monsignor Cappo is also a member of the international context Hon Jane Lomax-Smith Department of Further Education, Employment, Economic Development Board and the Board of Hon Dr Jane Lomax-Smith Science and Technology the National Beyond Blue Initiative. Monsignor Cappo has made a major contribution to BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCPA is VI Women in Science, Strategies national debates in social policy development the Minister for Education Engineering and Technology • establish a two month study adapting the and has been directly involved in national and Children’s Services and recommendations of the 2002 SET Fair strategic planning and implementation of Minister for Tourism in South This initiative involves working with the Report(UK) to an SA context through the social programs. Monsignor Cappo has been Australia. She has been Minister for Science and South Australian government to address Offi ce for Women the National Director of the Australian Catholic Information Economy, Minister for Employment, the recommendations made in the report • present the Participation and Advancement Social Welfare Commission in Canberra and the Training and Further Education, Minister for Participation and Advancement of Women of Women in Science, Engineering and Chairman of Centacare Australia, the national Small Business, and Lead Minister for the in Science, Engineering and Technology in Technology in South Australia to the peak body of the Catholic social welfare agencies. Bioscience Precinct Project. She was appointed South Australia, July 2005 and incorporate them Minister for Women, Minister Stephanie Key a Member of the Executive Committee of the into STI10 policy and infrastructure development. • establish a relationship with the Premier’s Lead agency South Australian Cabinet in 2005. Council for Women Department of Health • establish the Department of Further

74 75 Chapter 5 From Creativity to Innovation Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Lead agency Deputy Chairman of Asialink, a member of the Florey Precinct for Intergenerational Health. “Premier’s Graduate Studentships” Department of Education and Children’s Board of the Australian Chamber Orchestra, This Precinct could then become a model for • exploration of ways of using the Ri as a Services. the Royal Children’s Hospital Foundation international collaborations along similar business model for future development of (Victoria) and co-Chairman of the Financial lines to the Royal Institution (Ri), representing a potential Ri Down Under Strategies and achievements Management Association of Australia Ltd. He both research and democratisation of science • encourage more practical and intellectual • the development of a Graduate Certifi cate is a member of the Australian Graduate School activities. connections between the three universities in Neuroscience directed by SANI for of Management Advisory Council and the from shuttle buses to webcasting and teachers in collaboration with the three Stanford Sloan Alumni Advisory Board. Champion more research clusters universities Professor Max Brennan, • detailed study of IP spin-out possibilities Lead agency • maximisation of opportunities linked Chief Scientist, South Australia • establish ‘Summer’ Fellowships for Private sector - Independent to the Twinning Teachers and Scientists the vacation period in the Northern Program through external partnerships Lead agency hemisphere ie June, July, August for Strategies/Achievements Department of Further Education, Employment, • integration of developments from • establishment of a National Board tenured, senior academics 21 Science and Technology. partnership with the st Century Institute of Management and ‘Incorporated for the Mind with opportunities for South Association’ Strategies Australian teachers • location of operational funds for fi rst Last Words (For Now) • exploration of the challenges of a changing two year of $400,000 through corporate • endorsement of the proposal to Cabinet profession sponsorship to invest in State Precinct development When I fi rst came to Adelaide in 2004, I had • establishment of national Science ensuring equal stakeholder contribution little idea of what to expect both of myself, Advisory Panel and participation of the residency and indeed of the people IX Australian Science • refurbishing and fi t-out of offi ce facilities • proposal of a feasibility study to look with whom I would be working. I could never and Media Centre (AusSMC) located at the SA Museum at the potential for the Florey Precinct have guessed the important factor of the to incorporate activities that provide www.aussmc.org.au • recruitment of Chief Executive Offi cer can-do mentality that I came to learn was so • maintain and extend connection to the a high energy focus for science in SA, characteristic of Australia. A fully functional and fi nancially viable national Bragg Initiative including: developing a business incubator Centre, based on the Science Media Centre (SMC) • explore future collaborations with the SMC for the commercialisation of ideas, By identifying problems as mere bottlenecks in the UK, was established in Adelaide, South in the UK incorporating initiatives that attract and and by not succumbing to the easy inertia of Australia at the end of 2005. retain women scientists (eg a child care sustaining the status quo, I have learned how centre) and building a broader role to rewarding it can be to have ideas that can be Champion X Science Infrastructure and Research incorporate education, media, the arts and implemented, indeed to go from creativity to Mr Peter Yates communication activities innovation. At a personal level I also learnt Managing Director of Allco The building of a stronger support base for • that the Florey Precinct become an icon how powerful it can be when an idea is Equity Partners Limited, science research in South Australia, through for SA enthusiastically received and implemented in Peter Yates was Chief improved liaison with the Premier, better • development of a critical mass of giving one the confi dence to have further ideas. Executive Offi cer of relationships with the tertiary sector in South science activity and engagement to Publishing and Broadcasting Australia, the support of leading edge research catalyse momentum, collaboration Another career lesson was the importance and Limited, and has worked for Macquarie Bank across disciplines and institutions, by and Morgan Stanley in Australia, and Booz clusters and the improvement of investment the joy of working as a team where skills can be strengthening whole of government Allen Hamilton in Tokyo. He is Managing uptake and opportunities, to be fostered. These pooled, ideas ventilated and modifi ed so that relationship with the Premiers Science Director of Allco Equity Partners Limited, activities could be incorporated as “models of one can have a clear practical outcome in the collaborative practice” and components of the and Research Council and establishing the shortest possible time.

76 77 Chapter 5 From Creativity to Innovation Acknowledgements

Also at a personal level, I was struck by the The two buildings could then eventually stand I would like to acknowledge the work of my Thank you to the Prof Peter Colman similarities between Adelaide and the Royal for a long-lasting testament to the Thinkers residency partners, namely Bio Innovation SA, following people: Prof Richard Head Institution. In both cases they are small in Residence Program and indeed to the bond The University of Adelaide, Flinders University, Prof Roger Clay communities acting as David to Goliath, in between Adelaide and the Ri initiated so University of South Australia, Department Prof Sakkie Pretorius the case of South Australia to the Eastern long ago by the Braggs and extended now to of the Premier and Cabinet, Department of The Hon Dr Jane Lomax-Smith MP Seaboard States and in my case against the include the UK and in particular Oxford with Education and Children’s Services, Department Prof Stephen Tyerman establishment institutions heavily subsided the whole state of South Australia. As such I of Health, Department for Families and The Hon Karlene Prof Tanya Monro Maywald by the government within the UK. will continue to feel increasingly that South Communities in providing an understanding of Prof Frank James The Hon Trish White Australia isn’t just the ‘Ri Down Under’ but the current positioning of science in the State. Dr Alastair Dow The Hon Warwick Smith When I fi rst took up directorship of the Ri, it indeed my second home. Clearly the range of Dr Allan Pring was clear to me that I had to occupy a novel these initiatives is broad and the degree of The outcomes during both components of Emeritus Professor Dr Andy Thomas niche, that we had to punch above our weight their feasibility extremely varied. Yet with the my residency could not have been achieved Max Brennan Dr Ann Nelson and take risks with highly novel schemes skill and overall support of so many leading without the funding made available for the Assoc Prof Rob Morrison and projects that would not just give us our fi gures in the South Australian community the Project Catalyst position. I would like to thank Dr Barbara Santich Assoc Prof Jim Davies own position in the British landscape but, in chances are maximized of achieving the most the Premier, the Hon Mike Rann MP and the Dr Craig Fowler Assoc Prof Judy Morris being the vanguard, set an example to other ambitious of these goals. Government of South Australia for the funding Dr David O’Carroll larger institutions. South Australia is and can Assoc Prof Gerard O’Brien made available through the Department of the Dr David Topping be comparable in its strategy by showcasing At this stage of the 21st century South Australia Premier and Cabinet and the Department of Assoc Prof Victor Nossar Dr Heather Bray and developing unique initiatives derived has a unique opportunity to be an exemplar Further Education, Employment, Science and Prof Anne Edwards Dr Jurgen Michaelis from exciting ideas. The benefi ts could be community, integrating the resources, Technology. Prof Bernie Hughes incalculable for attracting scientists to come knowledge and expertise of its science Dr Kim Hemsley Prof Bob Williamson to the state to help and hence promote wealth research community with media, education Dr Mavis Abbey 21 Prof Caroline McMillen creation for the st Century. and commercial sectors through ongoing Dr Michael Sawyer collaborations to meet the challenges of the Prof Chris Marlin Dr Nicole Morcom A further and completely parallel situation future. Prof Denise Bradley Dr Olivia Samardzic is that the Ri is about to embark on the Prof Dorothy Scott 206 Dr Peter Hayman most major refurbishment in its year It is this community, living as it does in a Prof Ian Davey history. This work will commence in January relatively compact space, and therefore able Dr Rachel Lucas Prof Ian Gibbins 2006 and be completed by Spring 2007. The to interact fully, that makes Adelaide the most Dr Rob Lewis Prof James McWah parallel would be complete if just as the Ri likely place to achieve such exciting goals as Dr Sandra Orgeig refurbishment was coming to a successful the population rises to these challenges in the Prof John Carver Dr Simon Koblar conclusion the fi rst groundbreaking ceremony 21st Century. Prof John Jenkin Dr Steven Polyak was occurring at the Florey Precinct site in Prof Marcello Costa Dr Susannah Eliott Adelaide. It could be the case that the two Prof Mary Luszcz iconic buildings could represent the integration Dr Tim Flannery Prof Neville Marsh of science fi nally into the mainstream of Dr Timothy Olds Prof Pat Buckley society. Colonel Pamela Melroy Prof Peter Andrews

78 79 Acknowledgements Appendix 1

Collaborations Between the Three South Australian Universities

Adam Spencer Greg Boulton Pauline Tuft South Australian Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Alan Nankeville Hannah Keage Peter Russo Museum Agreement / Alicia Gigante Helen Leake Peter Yates Target Australia Collaboration Alyssa Late Ian Maynard Phil Fagan-Schmidt The Adelaide University Research Amanda Blair Jan Brooks Phillip Mackey The Advertiser Cooperative Research Centre for CRC Collaboration to benefi t Australia, its people Amanda Heyworth Jane Reilly Philip Satchell The South Australian Sensor Signal and Information and industry in the fi eld of sensor signal University Processing (CSSIP) and information processing through world Andrew Stock Jayne Heath Robert Champion de class research, development, education and Tourism SA Ann Clancy Janet Dibb-Smith Crespigny application. Anthony Lehmann Jennifer Stehn Robyn Duckworth South Australian Partnership Formal MOU Provision of high performance computing to SA. Australian Science Media Barbara Hardy Janette Young Robyn Williams for Advanced Computing Centre (AusSMC) Becky Morrell Jim Davies Rona Sakko Adelaide Integrated Bioscience Managed by “Virtual facility” across multiple sites to ensure Laboratories (AIB Labs) representative that major bioscience research equipment Belinda Barr Jim Green Rose Wight Foundation Sponsors Steering can be shared by the bioscience research Bob Geary Joanna Hughes Steve Riley John Fairfax Holdings Committee community and core competencies established Steven Marshall Brenda Kuhr John James Limited in strategic locations. Initiative of BioInnovation Steven Polyak SA, the three universities and other research Brian Cunningham Lance Worrall ABC organisations. Carol Treloar Lee Wightman Susan Jeanes PBL SA Regional Microanalysis Managed by “Virtual facility” across multiple sites. Talitha Best Che Cockatoo-Collins Linda Cooper News Limited Facility representative Cooperative infrastructure development Tamsin Jones Craig Hill Lindy McAdam APN News & Media Steering through successful collaborative applications Tanya Wilkins Committee to major funding bodies. Craig Hodges Lisa Bailey Macquarie Bank Teresa Crea South Australian Virtual Reality Formal $5.3 million fully immersive three dimensional David Ellis Louise LeCornu CSIRO Facility (SAVRC) visualisation facility in Adelaide, funded by ARC, Terry Tysoe David Kerr Margot Foster Shell Australia Limited three SA universities, Curtin University and Viv Pearson David Lewis Mark Pharaoh Royal Australian industry. David White Mark Scott Wendy Legge Chemical Institute m.Net Corporation Ltd Formal Three universities are shareholders in this Daniel Rossetto Maryanne Demasi ResMed Inc. corporation which has developed an advanced wireless network that enables research into Other Contributors Ernst & Young Deb Kay Maurice Crotti wireless network technologies and applications. Adelaide Festival of Ideas Prime TV Denise Maddigan Maurice de Rohan Workforce Development In development Research collaboration building on existing Edna Bates Melvin Mansell Department Trade and Research Consortium substantial labour market knowledge base and Economic Development Emma Parkinson- Mike Richards Gold Sponsorship analytical capacity of the three universities. Flinders University Lawrence Moira Deslandes Johnston, Winter Child Health Research Institute Independent Collaborative research to understand basic Myer and Slattery Institute mechanisms involved in health and disease, and Fiona Fox Monica Oliphant Network Ten The University to develop intellectual property benefi cial to the Gabrielle Overton Pamela James-Martin health and development of children. Adelaide Port Adelaide Football of Adelaide Gary Linnell Pamela Martin and Flinders major collaborating partners; some Club Dupont collaboration with UniSA. Gary Zamel Pamela McLeod Qantas Geoff Robertson

80 81 Appendix 1 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Agreement / Agreement / Collaboration Collaboration Australasian Research Professional development of research managers Management Society Inc and administrators, and enhancement of Adelaide Microscopy University of Adelaide facility provides (ARMS) research enterprise. South Australian Chapter broad range of the most technologically Executive involves representatives from all advanced instrumentation for microscopy and universities. microanalysis. Also provides scientifi c support University of Adelaide Research In development A number of the University of Adelaide’s new services available to universities, other research Clusters research clusters involve (or are in the process organisations and corporate sector. UniSA and of involving) researchers from the other two Flinders University have representatives on universities in collaborative, cross-disciplinary AM Users’ Group committee. Works with SA research. Regional Microanalysis Facility (see above). Flinders University Areas of In development A number of the ASRIs involve, or intend to TechNetSA Support and development network for general Strategic Research Investment involve, researchers from the other universities. staff of the three SA universities working in the (ASRIs) practical application of science, engineering, health, and associated technological and Research and Education support services. ICEWaRM - International Centre Commonwealth Collaborative research and teaching. South Australian Network Chairs and Secretaries of the institutional of Excellence in Water Resource International of Institutional Biosafety biosafety committees address issues and best Management Centre of Committees practice in relation to biosafety. Endorsed by the Excellence Offi ce of the Gene Technology Regulator. South Australian Neurosciences Formal MOU Collaborative research and teaching. Australian Federation of Part of global network of women graduates Institute University Women - SA Branch who believe that the education of women and Ethics Centre of South Australia Formal MOU Collaborative research and teaching. girls is a key factor in bringing about social change; involves members from staff and South Australian Consortium Incorporated Collaborative IT&T research and development, alumni of three universities. Raises money for Information Technology and entity and encourages joint planning of IT&T through hiring academic dress for graduations Telecommunications (SACITT) education by SA universities. Currently funded and other functions. Proceeds used to fund to conduct a planning process for proposed bursaries and scholarships. South Australian Population Health Informatics Research Program. Initiating and co-ordinating University of Texas at Austin, MOU Joint MOU for exchange of staff and students, body for SABRENet, SA’s new research Texas and St. Edward’s collaborative research projects, exchange of broadband network. Manages (via AITEC Pty University, Austin, Texas, USA publications and academic information, and Ltd) the DSTO Continuing Education Initiative other mutually agreed activities. (see below). Joanna Briggs Institute Formal World-wide collaboration for evidence based nursing. Headquarters at Royal Adelaide Hospital; affi liate institution of University of Adelaide. UniSA and Flinders Medical Centre (which is linked to Flinders University) also members.

82 83 Appendix 1 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Agreement / Agreement / Collaboration Collaboration The Ministry of Science, MOU. State to Exchange of students and staff, and Fulbright Scholarships Formal Secretaryship of South Australian Selection Research and the Arts, State State agreement collaborative research. Committee (currently with University of of Baden-Württemberg, FR Adelaide). Representatives from all universities Germany; involves exchange on Committee. agreements with Albert- The John Crampton Travelling Formal Selection Committee has representatives from Ludwigs University, Freiburg Scholarship all three universities. Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg University of Joyner Scholarships in Science, Formal Administered on behalf of Tower Trust. Selection Hohenheim, University Law and Arts Committee has representatives from all three of Karlsruhe, University universities. Responsibility for coordinating the of Konstanz, University of Joyner, Ferry and Loader Scholarships is spread Mannheim, University of across the three universities. Stuttgart, University of Tübingen, University of Ulm The Ferry Scholarship Formal Available for an applicant intending to undertake a higher degree by research in Thinkers in Residence Program Managed A State Government initiative with signifi cant Physics at any of the three universities. by State support and contributions from the three Administered on behalf of the Public Trustee. Government universities for each Thinker in Residence. Responsibility for coordinating the Joyner, Ferry and Loader Scholarships is spread across the ASMR Medical Research Week Universities contribute to the Australian Society three universities. for Medical Research’s annual fl agship public outreach program. Jack Loader Research Formal For research into dementia, in particular Scholarship Alzheimer’s Disease. Available to students at Research Training any of the three universities. Responsibility Biennial Quality in Sponsorship and Established in Adelaide in 1994. Leading for coordinating the Joyner, Ferry and Loader Postgraduate Research co-ordination national conferences held in Adelaide Scholarships is spread across the three Conferences for supervisors, postgraduate students, universities. policy makers, administrators, members of Mawson Fellowship Program Formal Support for postgraduate research, sponsored government agencies and researchers in the by the South Australian Government, the State’s area of postgraduate education. three universities and MACAJ, a consortium of The Postgraduate Research Established 1997; administrative support leading Japanese companies. Secretarial support Administrators Taskforce network closely aligned with the national provided by the Offi ce of the PVCI at University (PRATS) Council of Deans and Directors of Graduate of Adelaide. UniSA and Flinders have previously Studies (DDOGS). Currently the three provided secretarial support for the program. universities are organising the 2006 national General Sir John Monash Formal Representatives from all three universities on PRATS meeting. Postgraduate Awards State Selection Committee. Secretary located Education Centre for Innovation Centre programs designed to develop in Adelaide Graduate Centre (University of and Commercialisation (ECIC) capability in the management (including Adelaide). project management) of innovation and its commercialisation. Based at University of Adelaide but staff from other two institutions contribute to programs.

84 85 Appendix 1 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Agreement / Agreement / Collaboration Collaboration Education Libraries Helpmann Academy Formal Partnership of the major tertiary arts training Voyager Library System Cooperative In 2001 the three universities collaborated to partnership establishments in South Australia offering purchase purchase system as central libraries’ operating award courses for people seeking professional system. careers in the arts. Board of Governors includes The Universities’ Research Joint enterprise Established in 1984 between University of Vice Chancellors of the three universities. Repository South Australia, Adelaide and Flinders University. Comprises DSTO Continuing Education Universities are providers to and collaborate URRSA (the Joint Library Store) large storage facility on Flinders University Initiative (CEI) with Defence Science and Technology campus to which each library relocates lesser- Organisation (DSTO) on the CEI, the DSTO staff used library materials. UniSA Library became a development initiative that enables staff to participant in 2004. undertake coursework postgraduate study in a Systems Advisory Group of the Meets regularly on systems matters, related range of approved areas, leading to a Graduate University Libraries of South to the Voyager Library System, the Endeavour Certifi cate, Graduate Diploma or Masters award. Australia (SAGULSA ) portal systems, the RLG ILL Manager system, etc. Graduate Certifi cate in Formal Course taught to school teachers by all three Sharing of expertise, training, and work for joint Neurosciences universities. purchases where possible. Cross Institutional Study Formal Students in various programs are permitted to The Library Courier Service Each of the SA university libraries has several undertake studies at another institution (up branch libraries, each delivers items to and from to certain limits) that are not available at their URRSA, and communicates with other research home institution, and have the studies counted libraries in the metropolitan area. Since 1992, towards their undergraduate degree. SA university libraries have jointly funded a Library Courier Service that now delivers some Robotics Peer Mentoring UniSA’s robotics program involves collaboration 3,000 items per week. Program with industry and the two other universities. Gives accessibility to high school students Reciprocal Borrowing Reciprocal borrowing scheme introduced in to acquire niche ICT / electronics skills in 1998 allowing registered users of any of the programming microchips that are normally only three university libraries to borrow from the taught in universities. other institutions. Operations of the scheme are overseen by SAGULSA. In 2004 a total of more South Australian Parliamentary Student placement scheme involving three than 32,000 items were borrowed personally Internship Scheme universities where interns are placed in either through the scheme. the State Parliament of South Australia or with one of a range of public sector agencies. Barr Smith Library Paging Until 1991, several libraries in the metropolitan Service area paid staff members to attend the Barr Teaching Education Practicals Ongoing collaboration and co-ordination of Smith Library to borrow items and photocopy teaching practice requirements of education articles on behalf of their users. In 1992, the degrees of the three universities. University of Adelaide Library introduced a South Australian Tertiary Joint venture Agent for tertiary institutions in Adelaide Paging Service which undertook lending and Admissions Centre (SATAC) for receiving and processing applications for photocopying on behalf of those libraries. Over admission to tertiary level courses. 90% of service business derived from Flinders University and UniSA. Paging Service now integrated with Document Delivery Services.

86 87 1 2 Appendix Appendix Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Name of Activity Type of Brief Description of Activity Developmental Timeline of Australian Agreement / Science Media Centre Collaboration 2004 Regional Collections Collaboration on development of regional September Development collections, to avoid duplication (triplication) • Appointment of Chair, Peter Yates, when it is not necessary. Also considers ‘last Managing Director Allco Equity Partners copy’ storage of old journals, etc. Limited and Interim CEO, Linda Cooper Other • Scoping Consultation and Concept Validation Process with media industry and Unisure Pty Ltd Incorporated Collaboration on occupational health and safety, entity and workers’ compensation. Three universities science representatives across Australia are shareholders in Unisure Pty Ltd, which October 2004 manages workers’ compensation claims on • Funding strategy devised and initial behalf of the institutions. sponsorship approaches made Human Resources Offi cers Representatives from the universities meet 2004 Group monthly to discuss major and/or strategic November developments in human resources. • Accommodation and Infrastructure needs identifi ed December 2004 • Funding support from State Government of South Australia confi rmed • Initial sponsors and Board Members confi rmed February 2005 • CEO search strategy confi rmed • Reviewed incorporation of Association without members March 2005 • Inaugural Board Meeting • Public announcement • Implementation of sponsor strategy • Commencement of Science Advisory Panel List April 2005 • Visit from UK Science Media Centre Staff; Becky Morelle for a six week consultancy to assist with the set-up (courtesy of the Royal Institution, UK) • Commencement of CEO recruitment

88 89

3 Appendix Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Science Advisory Panel of Australian Science Media Centre

Name Position/Affi liation Name Position/Affi liation Emeritus Professor Ian Lowe Emeritus Professor Dr. Kenneth Fischer Adjunct Professor, School of Science The School of Food and Land Sciences Griffi th University University of Queensland Professor Peter Andrews, AO Queensland Chief Scientist Emeritus Professor Chancellor Department of State Development and Innovation Nancy Millis, AC, MBE La Trobe University

Professor Patricia Rich Faculty of Science Professor Peter Doherty, AC, Laureate Professor School of Geosciences Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Monash University University of Melbourne Professor Richard Head, BSC, PhD Director Professor Fiona Stanley, AC Director CSIRO Preventive Health Flagship Program TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research Baroness Professor Director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain Susan A Greenfi eld, CBE Emeritus Professor Emeritus Professor Derek A Denton Department of Physiology Professor David Henry Director University of Melbourne Clinical Pharmacology Mater Hospital Professor Bob Williamson AO Consultant Professor Helen Quinn Director Stanford Linear Acceleration Centre Professor Lyn Beazley MA PhD Professor of Zoology Stanford University School of Animal Biology Professor Snow Barlow Professor of Horticulture and Viticulture University of Western Australia School of Agricultural and Food Systems, Professor Frank Fenner Visiting Fellow at John Curtin School of Medical Research University of Melbourne Australian National University Professor John Zillman, AO, FTSE President, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) Professor Michelle Simmons Federation Fellow School of Physics Dr Andy Thomas NASA Astronaut University of New South Wales Professor Fellow Malcolm Walter Director of Astrobiology Professor Adrienne Clarke, AC Laureate Professor Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences School of Botany Division of Environmental and Life Services University of Melbourne Macquarie University Sir Gustav Nossal, AC Emeritus Professor Professor Marcia Langton Chair of Australian Indigenous Studies Department of Pathology School of Anthropology, Geography & Environmental Studies University of Melbourne University of Melbourne Dr Bryan Gaensler Assistant Professor Department of Astronomy Professor Alan Cooper School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Harvard University University of Adelaide

Professor Robert Hill Head of Science Science Centre SA Museum The University of Adelaide

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4 Appendix Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

Adelaide Thinkers In Residence Susan Greenfi eld Media Coverage March 2003 – December 2004

MARCH 2003 Adelaidean Tue 6/7 Article “Thinker shares insights into human brain” page 891 ABC Wed 5/3/03 News item, Premier announcing fi rst 4 Thinkers. 9am The Advertiser Wed 7/7 News item “Scientists and the media” page 26 Adelaide The Advertiser Wed 14/7 Opinion column “What really goes on inside your head” pg 18 The Advertiser Wed 5/3/03 Article “It’s the thinking cap brigade” page 9 The Advertiser Thur 15/7 Article “Media Unit to give scientists a voice” page 14 MAY 2003 The Advertiser Fri 16/7 Letter to the editor “Breath of fresh air” page 16 Sydney Morning Sat 15/5/03 Article, “Science’s Cinderella” Weekend Sat 17-18/7 Flinders University Today lecture advertisement page 14 Herald Australian The Age Sat 15/5/03 Article, “Paying the price for making science sexy”, pg 5 – Insight Xpress Thu 22/7 Article “Northern educators think for the future” page 3 2003 JUNE Weekend Fri 23-25/7 Flinders University Today lecture advertisement page 11 Business Life June 03 Feature on Thinkers program “Smart Thinking”, pg 11-13 Australian JULY 2003 The Advertiser Sat 31/7 Flinders University Today lecture advertisement page 8 The Age Mon 7/7/03 Article “The Baroness of scientifi c thought” The Advertiser Sat 31/7 Advertisement Public Lecture, weekend section JANUARY 2004 The Advertiser Sat 31/7 News item “Port Augusta Workshop” page 55 The Guardian Sat 24/1/04 Article “My work space” AUGUST 2004 MAY 2004 891 ABC Wed 4/8 Morning show, interview 9.10-9.40 Sydney Morning Sat 15/5 Article “Science’s Cinderella” Radio National Thur 5/8 Science Show, “In Conversation” interview Herald Adelaidean Sat 7/8 Article “Adelaide’s Thinker in Residence” page 9 15/5 The Age Sat Article “Paying the price for making science sexy”, Insight The Advertiser Sat 7/8 Advertisement public lecture 29/5 9 The Advertiser Sat Article “Think again” Weekend page The Australian Mon 9/8 Features article “March of the automatons” page 10 2004 JUNE The Advertiser Thur 12/8 Article “Kirstey’s mission to aid our fi nest medical minds” pg 11 2004 2 34 Sunday Mail June Article “$ m bill to think about Adelaide” page The Advertiser Sat 14/8 Saturday Magazine Article “A mind of your own” page 4-5 22/6 3 The Advertiser Tue Article “It’s fashionable to think about intelligence” page The Australian Mon 16/8 Article “Art of discovering science” page 10 22/6 8:09 Radio National Tue In Conversation interview, am The Advertiser Thur 19/8 News item ”Grant for science post’ page 30 Breakfast Xpress Thur 19/8 Article “Regional visit for thinker” page 7 The Advertiser Wed 23/6 Editorial, “Visitors who get us thinking” page 16 Flinders Journal Mon Article “1400 fl ock to hear Baroness Greenfi eld’s summing up” The Advertiser Wed 23/6 Letters to the Editor, “Backward Adelaide needs thinkers” pg 17 23/8-5/9 24/6 18 The Advertiser Thur Article “Fashion is part of professor’s formula” page ABC TV Thur 26/8 Feature story “Baroness and the Brain” 8pm Bio News June-July Article “Thinkers back in Adelaide” – Catalyst JULY 2004 ABC TV Fri 27/8 Feature story “Inspiring Students to turn to Science” – Stateline SA International July Advertising lecture “Minds of the Future” Biology The Advertiser Sat 28/8 Article “Scientifi c university to involve everyone” page 20 Olympiad Sunday Mail Sun 4/7 Ref in article “Hunger for approval turns ugly”p114

92 93 Appendix 4 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

SEPTEMBER 2004 Channel 2 TV Tues Launch of “Bragg Initiative”, 7.17pm, featuring Susan Greenfi eld and News 10/5/05 Premier Mike Rann at RI, London The Adelaide 9/2004 Article “The Curiosity Show” page 6 Review R&D Info Wed Headlines: ‘Bragg Initiative to promote science in SA’ eNewsletter 18/5/05 ABC TV Mon Interview with Andrew Denton – Enough Rope 13/9/04 JUNE 2005 Andrew Denton Independent June 12- Article: Where science meets the headlines OCTOBER 2004 Weekly 18/05 Focus: AusSMC, p6 ABC TV Asia Fri 22/10 Nexus Interview JULY 2005 Pacifi c ABC Melbourne Thu 7/7/05 Interview with Jon Faine, 9:40am The Advertiser Sat 30/10 Article “New Uni as US giant to open city campus” Page 8 Morning Show Focus: International Conference on Thinking 891 ABC Tues 12/7/05 Morning Show – Matt Abraham & David Bevan DECEMBER 2004 Adelaide Focus: The brain Q&A, 9:07-9:30am Xpress Thu 9/12 Thinkers in Residence feature, pages 14/15 The Advertiser Mon Article: Forums to boost our knowledge of science 18/7/05 Focus: Science Outside the Square – launch, p13 The Advertiser Sat 11/12 Article “Mysteries within” page 11 Adelaide Uni July 2005 Science Outside the Square & Genes of Bragg Encounter 2004 Dec Flinders Uni News, page 13 website Radio 5AA Thu 21/7/05 Interview with Adam Spencer Focus: Science Outside the Square, The Science of Sport, 8:40-8:43am Adelaide Thinkers In Residence Susan Greenfi eld Media Coverage 2005 2005 891 ABC Wed Morning Show interview March – September Adelaide 27/7/05 Focus: Marijuana and your brain, 9:09-9:27am City Messenger Thu 28/7/05 Mention: Great Escape, p3 MARCH 2005 The Advertiser Fri 29/7/05 Advertisement: Science Outside the Square – Food and Drink The Adelaide Fri 4/3/05 Article: Science to place SA in the news – the Sustenance of Life, p26 Review Focus: AusSMC The Advertiser Fri 29/7/05 Article: Hunger for knowledge ABC Radio Wed 9/3/05 Interview: Rob Morrison, Peter Yates Focus: SOTS Food and Drink event, p9 National Focus: AusSMC The World Today The Advertiser Sat 30/7/05 Advertisement: Science Outside the Square – Food and Drink – the Sustenance of Life, p50 New Scientist Sat 12/3/05 ‘Antipodes’ section – AusSMC mention SA Museum July/Sept Bragg About Adelaide Exhibition R&D Info Tues Headlines: ‘Science Media Centre to open in Adelaide’ newsletter 2005 eNewsletter 22/3/05 AUGUST 2005 MAY 2005 The Advertiser Tues 2/8/05 Education section – Science Week focus. Science Outside the Square Channel 10 TV Tues Launch of “Bragg Initiative”, 5.19pm, featuring Susan Greenfi eld and mention, pg29 News 10/5/05 Premier Mike Rann at RI, London The Advertiser Wed 3/8/05 Article: New centre makes it as easy as A-B-C Channel 9 TV Tues Launch of “Bragg Initiative”, 6.11pm, featuring Susan Greenfi eld and Focus: AusSMC launch, p4 News 10/5/05 Premier Mike Rann at RI, London

94 95 Appendix 4 Susan Greenfi eld | Getting to the Future First

The Advertiser Wed 3/8/05 Article: Plenty of food for thought The Australian Tues ‘Strewth’ column: ‘Scientifi c approach’, focus: Media & Politics event, Focus: SOTS, Food and Drink – The Sustenance of Life, p4 23/8/05 Sydney, pg 11 City Messenger Thu 4/8/05 Article: Greenfi eld returns as Adelaide’s ‘Thinker in Residence’ The Australian Thu 25/8/05 Media section: ‘Centre fosters better science reporting’ Focus: AusSMC, p27 Focus: AusSMC, pg 17 City Messenger Thu 4/8/05 What’s On section – ‘A Shortcut to Space’ p22 SEPTEMBER 2005 The Advertiser Sat 6/8/05 Front page ‘Inside a Brilliant Mind’, full interview in Review section The Advertiser Thu 1/9/05 Advertisement – Science Outside the Square – cover story, pages 3, 4, 5 Energy options for a warming world, p31 The Advertiser Sat 6/8/05 Social Scene – photo from Food & Drink event The Advertiser Sat 3/9/05 Article: Experts look for energy options Focus: SOTS event – Energy Options for a Warming World, p31 Independent Aug 7-13/05 ‘In Adelaide’ section, pg 2 Weekly Focus: Science Media Centre launch The Advertiser Sat 3/9/05 Advertisements – Science Outside the Square Energy options for a warming world, p71 The Advertiser Mon 8/8/05 Letter to the Editor – “Look after scientists”, p19 Xpress Thu 8/9/05 Article – Pairing to make science ‘twinkle’ Campus Review Wed Article: Invented in Hades: why the RQF stinks Focus: Science Teacher Twinning, p5 10/8/05 Pgs 1 and 8 The Advertiser Sat 10/9/05 Advertisement – Science Outside the Square Campus Review Wed Article: Susan Greenfi eld – Unplugged, p5 82 10/8/05 The Wonder Years, p 10/9/05 12/8/05 The Advertiser Sat Article: Ten students get royal science treat The Advertiser Fri Issues piece – ‘Bragging Rights’ Focus: Student visit to Ri Christmas Lectures, p41 Focus: Braggs in Adelaide, p21 NOVEMBER 2005 The Australian Fri 12/8/05 Opinion column by Susan Greenfi eld Financial ‘Tomorrow’s selfl ess people’, p4 of Review section Cosmos Nov 2005 Article: Power & Passion Review Magazine Focus: Susan Greenfi eld profi le, p60-64 The Advertiser Fri 12/8/05 Article: Salute to pioneers of genetics The Bulletin Wed 2/11/05 Article: Lunch with Diana Bagnall Focus: Bragg exhibition, p16 Focus: Susan Greenfi eld profi le The Advertiser Sat 13/8/05 Article: ‘Youth making science sexy’ Focus: Student science media awards, p18 Sydney Morning Aug 13-14 Article – ‘There’s never a dull moment in quest for a sharper brain’, Herald 2005 pg 5 Sydney Morning Aug 13-14 Spectrum liftout. ‘The Hot Seat’ interview. “A Mind of Her Own”. Herald 2005 Pgs 1,4 & 5 The Weekend Aug 13-14 Article: Out to change your mind Australian 2005 Focus: Susan Greenfi eld, p20 City Messenger Thu 18/8/05 ‘What’s On’ section: Science Outside the Square Demystifying Depression, pg 22 Independent Aug 21-27 ‘In Adelaide’ section. Focus: Science Teacher Twinning, pg 2 Weekly 2005

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Appendix 5

Websites www.stv.columbia.edu/ www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ www.dh.sa.gov.au/pehs/PROS/Mental-Health-Status-Oct-97-Report-6.pdf www.environment.sa.gov.au/sustainability/ www.abs.gov.au/austats www.scimas.sa.edu.au/scimas/pages/updates/projectdetails/ www.rigb.org/rimain/events/christmaslectures.jsp www.ri.ac.uk/DFRL/ www.rigb.org/rimain/calendar/ www.21school.ox.ac.uk/ www.science.sa.gov.au www.sciencetwinning.org.au www.fl inders.edu.au/courses/postgrad/neuro.htm www.aussmc.org www.sciencemediacentre.org www.sani.edu.au www/adelaide.edu.au/hda www.templeton.org/ www.oxscom.ox.ac.uk

98 Adelaide Thinkers in Residence bringing world-class thinkers to Adelaide to assist with the strategic development and promotion of South Australia

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