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Resistencia Y Ron Clandestino En La Isla De Puerto Rico

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Resistencia Y Ron Clandestino En La Isla De Puerto Rico UNIVERSIDAD DE BRASILIA INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LAS AMÉRICAS PROGRAMA GRADUADO EN ESTUDIOS COMPARADOS SOBRE LAS AMÉRICAS JOSÉ MANUEL GONZÁLEZ CRUZ DESTILANDO CAÑA: Resistencia y Ron Clandestino en la Isla de Puerto Rico Disertación de Maestría presentada como requisito parcial para la obtención del Título de Maestría en Ciencias Sociales con Concentración en Estudios Comparados sobre las Américas. Línea de investigación: Sociedad, Estado y Política en las Américas Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cristhian Teófilo da Silva BRASÍLIA 2014 Comisión Examinadora Prof. Dr. Cristhian Teófilo da Silva (Presidente) Centro Graduado y de Investigación sobre las Américas, Universidad de Brasilia Prof. Dr. Jacques de Novion Centro Graduado y de Investigación sobre las Américas, Universidad de Brasilia Prof. Sullivan Charles Barros Departamento de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Federal de Goiás Agradecimientos: Este trabajo de carácter académico, jamás hubiese podido ser posible sin la ayuda espiritual, material, inmaterial y moral de muchas personas a quien siento el profundo deber y la responsabilidad de agradecer, mencionar y dedicar en varias dimensiones de la realidad que viví antes de y como parte de la experiencia de la maestría en Brasília. En la dimensión espiritual, a mis Orishas Yemayá, Obatalá, Oshún, Shangó Ogún, Elegbá y Ochosi, los cuales me han acompañado y ayudado desde tierna edad en mi tierra, hasta el Brasil para ayudarme completar esta etapa en mi vida. A mi padrino Miguel “Willie” Ramos, Ilarí Obá, por su esencial apoyo espiritual, conversaciones oportunas y consejos invaluables. En la dimensión familiar, A mi padre y a mi madre; Rafael González Escribano y Migdalia Cruz Rivera, quienes con su amor, ejemplo de vida, de lucha, de resistencia y de arduo trabajo me mostraron el camino a seguir en la vida sea cual sea el camino escogido. A mis hermanos; David Gabriel González Cruz y Francisco Rafael González Cruz; por que compartimos una experiencia de vida completa que nos hizo ser lo que somos hoy y lo que seremos mañana, no conozco a dos personas mas talentosas que ustedes, poco a poco llegaremos a donde queremos llegar, los amo intensamente. Mi primo/hermano Gilberto Luis Pérez Cruz, por ser mi camarada de toda la vida y por haber compartido conmigo la inolvidable experiencia de años de surfear olas mañaneras, sé que pronto llegaremos a Punta Colorada. A mis abuelos maternos, In memoriam; Guillermina Rivera Bernacet y Luis Francisco Cruz. A Wanda Yace Martínez, Joan Asencio Yace y Ángel Rivera y a la memoria de Jenny Martínez; por quererme como un hijo, un hermano y un nieto, su apoyo durante esta investigación fue crucial para la compleción de la misma y estaré por siempre agradecido por su ayuda y cariño. A José Asencio Ortiz, Edwin Asencio Ortiz, Mitsy Morales e Iraida Ortiz también por su ayuda, su cariño y afecto y por siempre recibirme en sus casas como un hijo y nieto. En la dimensión académica; a mis profesores de la Universidad de Puerto Rico por las clases, conversaciones formales e informales, conferencias y recomendaciones; Antonio Gaztambide Geigel, Ángel “Chuco” Quintero, Mareia Quintero, Santiago Ruiz, John Stinson, Marie Matter O’neil, Lowell Fiet y Mayra Rosario Urrutia. Al Centro de Investigación Social de la Universidad en Puerto Rico de Rio Piedras, por recibirme como visitante y proveerme con un espacio de oficina y por el acceso a los archivos en la Colección Puertorriqueña. Los bibliotecarios de la Colección Puertorriqueña, en la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras por su excelente disposición, entusiasmo y ayuda en el archivo. A los Profesores, Patrick Bellgarde Smith, Alain Pascal Kaly, Alline Torres y Felipe Magalhães, Helen Icken Safa y Sydney Mintz; por sus perspectivas, conversaciones y ayuda durante mi pesquisa. A mis Profesores del CEPPAC, UnB: Simone Rodrigues Pinto, Flavia da Lesa Barros Camilo Negri y Jaques de Novion. A mi orientador y también profesor, Cristhian Teófilo Da Silva por sus excelentes recomendaciones, ayuda solidaria y sobre todo su “ardiente paciencia” con mi destilación académica. A mis colegas y ahora amigos del CEPPAC, Vogly Nahum Pongnon, Daniela Alarcón, Lucas Lima, Manuela Muguruza, Analu Fernandes, Isabel Naranjo, Hans Carrillo Guach y Nelson Andrés Hernández. A la secretaría del CEPPAC, Jacinta Fontenelle. Al INCT de Inclusión y al profesor José Jorge de Carvalho y todo el equipo por su cariño, ayuda y apoyo. A mis amigos Olivier, Kameela Abdul-Maajid, Amaury Febres, José Gabriel Martínez, Gloria Borrás, Cesar Colon Montijo, Omar Dahuajre y Carlos Vega. A la familia Massol Deyá y a Casa Pueblo en Adjuntas, Puerto Rico por acogernos durante gran parte de nuestra estadía en Puerto Rico y enseñarme sobre nuestros bosques. Mis profesores y compañeros de mis equipos de Jiu-Jitsu; Barreto Jiu-Jitsu en Brasília y Carlson Gracie Jr, en San Juan, Puerto Rico. A los destiladores de ron clandestino, por permitirme entrar en su mundo y aprender el arte, el oficio de destilar ron, para mi fue in inmenso privilegio haber compartido con ustedes y contar algo de su historia, son mis maestros! Y finalmente, a mi compañera Jehyra Marie Asencio Yace; gracias por las cientos de conversaciones, por tu apoyo material e inmaterial, tu energía y tu cariño, este trabajo representa el arduo trabajo y sacrificio de ambos y sin ti, nunca lo pudiera haber logrado. Resumo Esta dissertação trata da questão da produção de rum ilegal na ilha de Puerto Rico. Argumenta-se que essa atividade econômica clandestina é uma das maiores práticas de desobediência civil coletiva e sistemática ao governo federal e local da ilha de sistema jurídico e político Puerto Rico, desde a implementação da Lei Seca em 1917 até hoje. Os dados nos levaram a uma compreensão e visão sobre a realidade económica e social de destiladores “Ron Caña” através de suas histórias de vida, suas visões de mundo e sua relação clandestina com um fenômeno atual centenário e ainda não foi estudado. O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender, interpretar e possivelmente compreender a natureza simbólica da produção, circulação e consumo de rum ilegal em Puerto Rico, como forma de compreender os processos e discursos de pertença e de resistência e tentar definir o lugar do destilado na cultura da ilha, através da história social do rum clandestino. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa foi conduzida através de uma abordagem etnográfica para trabalhadores ilegais e pelo levantamento de informação jornalística, histórica e antropológica. Palavras-Chave: Puerto Rico; Ron, Ron Caña, Ron Clandestino, Resistencia, Identidade, Economia Informal, Saberes Tradicionais; Trabalho Ilegal; Clandestinidade. Resumen Esta disertación de maestría trata sobre el tema de la producción del ron clandestino en la isla de Puerto Rico. Argumentamos que esta actividad económica clandestina es una de las mayores prácticas de desobediencia civil, colectiva y sistemática al sistema jurídico- político del gobierno federal y local de la isla de Puerto Rico, desde la implementación de La Prohibición de alcohol en el 1917 hasta nuestros días (PICÓ, 1983). La data nos llevó a una comprensión y entendimiento sobre la realidad económica y social de los destiladores del “ron cañita”, a través de sus historias de vida, sus visiones de mundo y su relación clandestina con un fenómeno centenario, actual y que todavía no ha sido estudiado. El objetivo de la presente investigación es entender, comprender y posiblemente interpretar, el carácter simbólico de la producción, circulación y consumo del ron ilegal en Puerto Rico como forma de entender los procesos y discursos de pertenencia y resistencia e intentar delimitar el lugar de este destilado en la cultura de la isla, a través de la historia social del ron clandestino. Metodológicamente, La investigación fue conducida a través de un acercamiento etnográfico con trabajadores clandestinos y por medio del levantamiento de informaciones periodísticas, históricas y antropológicas. Palabras clave: Puerto Rico; Ron, Ron Clandestino, Resistencia, Identidad, Economía Informal, Conocimientos Tradicionales; Trabajo Ilegal; Clandestinaje. Abstract This master thesis analyzes the social history of illegal rum production on the island of Puerto Rico. We argue that this underground economic activity is one of the largest civil practices, collective and systematic disobedience to the federal and local government of the island of Puerto Rico legal and political system, since the implementation of alcohol Prohibition in 1917 until today. The data led us to an understanding and insight into the economic and social reality of distillers of “ron cañita”, through their life stories, their worldviews and their clandestine relationship with a centennial current phenomenon and not yet has been studied the objective of this research is to understand, and possibly interpret the symbolic nature of the production, circulation and consumption of illegal rum in Puerto Rico as a way to understand the processes and discourses of belonging and resistance and try to define the place of this clandestine distillate in the culture of the island, through the social history of rum underground. Methodologically, the research was conducted through an ethnographic approach to illegal workers and by the lifting of journalistic, historical and anthropological data. Key-Words: Puerto Rico; Rum; Clandestine Rum; Resistance; Identity; Informal economy; Traditional Knowledges; Illegal work; Clandestine life. Lista de Ilustraciones Figura 1
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