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Final Report View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CGSpace FINAL REPORT A STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HANDBOOK OF SELECTED CARIBBEAN HERBS FOR INDUSTRY Prepared by: Dr. Compton Seaforth and Tricia Tikasingh Technical reviewers: Dr. Mahabir Gupta (CYTED) Dr. Diane Robertson Dr. Gilbertha St. Rose TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................... 4 The Selected Caribbean Plants........................................................................................ 6 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... 8 2. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Background............................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Objectives and Scope of the Study ......................................................................... 13 2.3 Methodology........................................................................................................... 13 2.4 How to Use this Handbook..................................................................................... 14 3. PLANT PROFILES.................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Aloe vera........................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Andrographis paniculata ................................................................................... 21 3.3 Carapa guianensis ............................................................................................ 25 3.4 Colubrina arborescens...................................................................................... 28 3.5 Croton eluteria.................................................................................................. 32 3.6 Curcuma longa.................................................................................................. 35 3.7 Cymbopogon citratus........................................................................................ 40 3.8 Eryngium foetidum ........................................................................................... 44 3.9 Hibiscus sabdariffa............................................................................................ 48 3.10 Lippia alba ........................................................................................................ 53 3.11 Maranta arundinacea......................................................................................... 57 3.12 Momordica charantia ....................................................................................... 62 3.13 Myristica fragrans ............................................................................................ 65 3.14 Pimenta dioica................................................................................................... 72 3.15 Pimenta racemosa ............................................................................................. 77 3.16 Quassia amara ................................................................................................... 81 3.17 Senna alata ........................................................................................................ 85 3.18 Smilax regelii.................................................................................................... 89 3.19 Vetiveria zizanioides......................................................................................... 92 3.20 Zingiber officinale ........................................................................................... 97 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. 102 4.1 Conclusions........................................................................................................... 102 4.2 Recommendations................................................................................................. 104 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 113 Annex 1. Terms of Reference ..................................................................................... 114 Annex 2. Profiles of Institutions/Organizations Active in the Research of Caribbean Herbs........................................................................................................................... 119 Annex 3. General Bibliography .................................................................................. 124 Annex 4. Glossary of Terms Used.............................................................................. 126 2 Acknowledgements We wish to thank the Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA) in the Netherlands, the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) and the Caribbean Herbal Business Association (CHBA) Offices in Trinidad and Tobago, for providing support to carry out this study. In particular, for their unstinting guidance in this work, we would like to express our indebtedness to Christine Webster (CTA), Aaron Parke (IICA) and Karen Lee Lum (CHBA). We wish to recognize with gratitude the valuable contributions made to this study by the following persons: Annette Arjoon, Terence Arthur, Yasmin Baksh-Comeau, Audia Barnett, Cheryl Bowles, Glenroy Browne, Samaroo Dowlath, Cecile La Grenade, Guido Marcelle, Pedro Mellilo, Sylvia Mitchell, Shaliza Mohammed, Vindra Naipaul, Angela Nevers, Sonia Peter, Joan Petersen-Polo, Denzil Phillips, Lionel Robineau, Gloria Simon, Patmanathan Umaharan, Jorge Murillos Yepes. We also wish to thank the owners for granting us permission to use their colour pictures for the plant profiles described in this study. 3 DISCLAIMER The views and opinions expressed in this handbook are those of the authors and contributors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of CTA, IICA or the CHBA. This manual contains information about the production of the medicinal and aromatic plants and herbal remedies. It is intended for guidance only, as some of the medicinal plants described may be harmful and quite toxic. Some of the solvents, procedures and equipment described can be harzardous if used improperly. Neither the authors nor the publishers can be held responsible for claims arising from the mistaken identity of plants, their improper processing or inappropriate use. 4 Map of the Caribbean 5 The Selected Caribbean Plants Scientific Name Common or other Local, Multilingual Names (FAMILY) (used in the Caribbean) Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Aloe, Aloes, Barbados Aloe, Barbados Aloes, (LILIACEAE-ALOACEAE) Curacao Aloe, Sempervivum, Simple Bible, Sinkle Bible Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Rice Bitters, Chiretta, Green Chiretta, Kalmegh, Wall. ex Nees King-of-bitters, Kirata, Wild Rice (ACANTHACEAE) Carapa guianensis Aubl. Carapa, Andiroba, Bastard Mahogany, Caraba, (MELIACEAE) Crabwood, Crapaud, Crappo, Figueroa, Karaba, Krappa, Randiroba, Sapo, Tangare, Tololo, White Crabwood Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. Mauby, Blackvelvet, Bois Mabi, Coffee Colubrina, (RHAMNACEAE) Corazon de Paloma, Mabi, Mawbie, Snakewood Croton eluteria (L.) Sw. Cascarilla, Cascarilla Bark, Comcomcoli, (EUPHORBIACEAE) Eleuthera Bark, Kouli, Quina Aromatica, Quina Falsa, Quina Morada, Sassafras, Serosee, Sweetwood Bark Curcuma longa L. Turmeric, Chichima, Curcuma, Haldi, Indian (ZINGIBERACEAE) Saffron, Jhijhima Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Lemon Grass, Cana de Limon, Citronelle, (GRAMINEAE) Fever Grass, Hierba de Limon, Limoncillo, Limonera, Te Limon, Sitwonel, West Indian Lemon Grass, Zacate Tay, Zacate Limon Eryngium foetidum L. Fit Weed, Acapate, Bhandhania, Cardo Santo, (UMBELLIFERAE-APIACEAE) Chardon Beni, Chardon Etoile Fetide, Chicoria, Cilantro, Coulante, Culantro, Fit Bush, Mexican Coriander, Recao, Sawtooth Coriander, Shado Beni, Spirit Weed Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Sorrel, Jamaica Sorrel, Lozey, Red Sorrel, Roselle (MALVACEAE) 6 Scientific Name Common or other Local, Multilingual Names (FAMILY) (used in the Caribbean) Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. Santa Maria, Anis de Espana, Cariaquito Blanco, (VERBENACEAE) Carmelitana, Catmint, Cidreira, Colic Mint, Melissa, Oregano, Salvia Americana, Teasam Maranta arundinacea L. Arrowroot, Amaranta, Araruta, Bermuda (MARANTACEAE) Arrowroot, Djitam, Mouchaz Babade, Obedience Plant, Plantanillo, Toloman Momordica charantia L. Coraili, Balsam Apple, Balsam Pear, Bitter Gourd, (CUCURBITACEAE) Bitter Melon, Caryla, Cerasee, Kerala, Maiden Apple, Pomme Coolie, Sorrow Seed, Wild Cerasee Myristica fragrans Houtt. Nutmeg, Mace, Nutmeg and Mace (MYRISTICACEAE) Pimenta dioica (L.) Merrill Pimento, Allspice, Jamaica Pepper, Malagueta, (MYRTACEAE) Piment Jamaique, Pimenta, Pimienta Gorda, Dulce, Spice, Tabasca, Toda Especial, Toute Epice Pimenta racemosa (Miller) J.W. Moore Bayrum Tree, Bay Leaf, Bay Tree, Fey Buradenn, (MYRTACEAE) Bayberry, Bois d’Inde, Matagueta, West Indian Bay, Wild Cinnamon Quassia amara L. Quassia, Bitter Wood, Quashie Bitters, Quassia- (SIMAROUBACEAE) Bitters Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Wild Senna, Candlestick, Christmas Candle, (LEGUMINOSAE- Desay, French Guava, Gacajabo, Impetigo Bush, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) Kasyalata, Kassialata, King-of-the-forest, Money Bush, Tarantan, Ringworm Shrub, River Guava, River Senna Smilax regelii Killip & Morton Sarsaparilla, Bejuco
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