Divisional Command Rulebook 2.0.Indd
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AFTERMATH PRESERVATION Thomas J
“ This advance was made in the face of the most tremendous fire of artillery I ever saw, and too much praise cannot be given my regiments for their steady, unwavering step. It was as if each man felt that the fate of the army was centered in himself...This was a wholesome lesson to the enemy, and taught them to know that it may be dangerous sometimes to press a retreating army.” —Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill in his report to Lt. Col. C.J. Faulkner MISSING OR KILLED WOUNDED CAPTURED FEDERAL Shepherdstown during the Civil War, seen from Ferry Hill in MD. Union soldiers in the dried bed of the C&O Canal on the Maryland Fitz John The bridge across the Potomac was burned in 1861. side of the Potomac River, Harpers Weekly, October 11, 1862. Porter 73 162 132 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. CONFEDERATE AFTERMATH PRESERVATION Thomas J. Jackson 49 257 4 Artillery boomed across the Potomac for two days, and though it The Battle of Shepherdstown has been recognized by the Civil was said several shells missed their mark and hit Shepherdstown, no War Sites Advisory Commission as one of the 384 principal battles civilians were injured. The town overflowed with the wounded from of the Civil War, one of five sites in Jefferson County, WV. A study South Mountain and Antietam. During the Maryland Campaign, conducted by the National Park Service determined that the core 114 Confederate soldiers lost their lives, many unknown. They are 510 acres of the battlefield could be included in Antietam National buried in Shepherdstown at Elmwood Cemetery. -
James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg
“Such a night is seldom experienced…” James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg Karlton Smith, Gettysburg NMP After the repulse of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s Assault on July 3, 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia, knew that the only option left for him at Gettysburg was to try to disengage from his lines and return with his army to Virginia. Longstreet, commander of the army’s First Corps and Lee’s chief lieutenant, would play a significant role in this retrograde movement. As a preliminary to the general withdrawal, Longstreet decided to pull his troops back from the forward positions gained during the fighting on July 2. Lt. Col. G. Moxley Sorrel, Longstreet’s adjutant general, delivered the necessary orders to Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, commanding one of Longstreet’s divisions. Sorrel offered to carry the order to Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law, commanding John B. Hood’s division, on McLaws’s right. McLaws raised objections to this order. He felt that his advanced position was important and “had been won after a deadly struggle; that the order was given no doubt because of [George] Pickett’s repulse, but as there was no pursuit there was no necessity of it.” Sorrel interrupted saying: “General, there is no discretion allowed, the order is for you to retire at once.” Gen. James Longstreet, C.S.A. (LOC) As McLaws’s forward line was withdrawing to Warfield and Seminary ridges, the Federal batteries on Little Round Top opened fire, “but by quickening the pace the aim was so disturbed that no damage was done.” McLaws’s line was followed by “clouds of skirmishers” from the Federal Army of the Potomac; however, after reinforcing his own skirmish line they were driven back from the Peach Orchard area. -
Battle of Gettysburg Day 1 Reading Comprehension Name: ______
Battle of Gettysburg Day 1 Reading Comprehension Name: _________________________ Read the passage and answer the questions. The Ridges of Gettysburg Anticipating a Confederate assault, Union Brigadier General John Buford and his soldiers would produce the first line of defense. Buford positioned his defenses along three ridges west of the town. Buford's goal was simply to delay the Confederate advance with his small cavalry unit until greater Union forces could assemble their defenses on the three storied ridges south of town known as Cemetery Ridge, Cemetery Hill, and Culp's Hill's. These ridges were crucial to control of Gettysburg. Whichever army could successfully occupy these heights would have superior position and would be difficult to dislodge. The Death of Major General Reynolds The first of the Confederate forces to engage at Gettysburg, under the Command of Major General Henry Heth, succeeded in advancing forward despite Buford's defenses. Soon, battles erupted in several locations, and Union forces would suffer severe casualties. Union Major General John Reynolds would be killed in battle while positioning his troops. Major General Abner Doubleday, the man eventually credited with inventing the formal game of baseball, would assume command. Fighting would intensify on a road known as the Chambersburg Pike, as Confederate forces continued to advance. Jubal Early's Successful Assault Meanwhile, Union defenses positioned north and northwest of town would soon be outflanked by Confederates under the command of Jubal Early and Robert Rodes. Despite suffering severe casualties, Early's soldiers would break through the line under the command of Union General Francis Barlow, attacking them from multiple sides and completely overwhelming them. -
General AP Hill at Gettysburg
Papers of the 2017 Gettysburg National Park Seminar General A.P. Hill at Gettysburg: A Study of Character and Command Matt Atkinson If not A. P. Hill, then who? May 2, 1863, Orange Plank Road, Chancellorsville, Virginia – In the darkness of the Wilderness, victory or defeat hung in the balance. The redoubtable man himself, Stonewall Jackson, had ridden out in front of his most advanced infantry line to reconnoiter the Federal position and was now returning with his staff. Nervous North Carolinians started to fire at the noises of the approaching horses. Voices cry out from the darkness, “Cease firing, you are firing into your own men!” “Who gave that order?” a muffled voice in the distance is heard to say. “It’s a lie! Pour it into them, boys!” Like chain lightning, a sudden volley of musketry flashes through the woods and the aftermath reveals Jackson struck by three bullets.1 Caught in the tempest also is one of Jackson’s division commanders, A. P. Hill. The two men had feuded for months but all that was forgotten as Hill rode to see about his commander’s welfare. “I have been trying to make the men cease firing,” said Hill as he dismounted. “Is the wound painful?” “Very painful, my arm is broken,” replied Jackson. Hill delicately removed Jackson’s gauntlets and then unhooked his sabre and sword belt. Hill then sat down on the ground and cradled Jackson’s head in his lap as he and an aide cut through the commander’s clothing to examine the wounds. -
George Pickett
George Pickett This article is about the American Confederate general. 2 Early military career For the British physicist, see George Pickett (physicist). Pickett was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in George Edward Pickett (January 16,[1] 1825 – July 30, the U.S. 8th Infantry Regiment. He soon gained na- 1875) was a career United States Army officer who be- tional recognition in the Mexican-American War when came a major general in the Confederate States Army he carried the American colors over the parapet during during the American Civil War. He is best remembered the Battle of Chapultepec. Wounded at the base of the for his participation in the futile and bloody assault at wall, Pickett’s friend and colleague Lt. James Longstreet the Battle of Gettysburg that bears his name, Pickett’s handed him the colors. Pickett carried the flag over the Charge. wall and fought his way to the roof of the palace, unfurl- ing it over the fortress and announcing its surrender. He received a brevet promotion to captain following this ac- 1 Early life tion. In 1849, while serving on the Texas frontier after the war, he was promoted to first lieutenant and then to captain in Pickett was born in Richmond, Virginia, the first of the [3] eight children of Robert and Mary Pickett,[2] a promi- the 9th U.S. Infantry in 1855. In 1853, Pickett chal- nent family of Old Virginia of English origins, and one lenged a fellow junior officer, future Union general and of the “first families” of Virginia. He was the cousin opposing Civil War commander Winfield Scott Hancock, of future Confederate general Henry Heth.[3] He went to a duel; (they had met only briefly when Hancock was to Springfield, Illinois, to study law, but at the age of 17 passing through Texas). -
The Battle of Gettysburg Activity
Battle of Gettysburg The Confederate's Army-Before Engagement Spirits high Richmond paper stated “We can … carry our armies far into the enemy’s country, exacting peace by blows leveled at his vitals.” The Union Army-Before Engagement Desprate to win a battle General Meade ordered to engage Confederate forces The Fighting of July 1, 1863 General Henry Heth and Colonel John Buford engage Union Calvary vs. Confederate infantry Calvary pulls back confeds. hot on their heels Union Infantry fight hard at first Fishhook battlement lines Cementry Hill to Little Round Top July 2, 1863-The Day of Decisive, But Pointless Fights. Little Round top assaulted-20,000 Confederate infantry Union hold here Confederates gain ground @ Culp’s Hill All fighting ceased @ sundown I. Robert E. Lee’s aggressiveness helped for Union victory II. Wanted to try to break Union lines III. Union pincer movement IV. Fierce battling raged V. Confederate General Longstreet and Union General Meades commanded the bulk fighting Eastern part of the union lines VI. General George Pickett commanded to charge Union Lines History. Net History.com Lead by: Confederate General George Pickett Importance: allowed to achieve union victory What happened: Confederate rookies vs. History. Net Union Veterans and Artillery Confederates ran acrossedfield to Union Lines Gettysburg-Today To see the battle’s sites, Go to: Gettysburg Map and Facts The Weapons of Gettysburg Artillery: 142 12-pound “Napoleons” 4 10-pound “Parrott” rifles (Confederate) 146 (USA) and 73 (CSA) 3-inch -
Did Meade Begin a Counteroffensive After Pickett's Charge?
Did Meade Begin a Counteroffensive after Pickett’s Charge? Troy D. Harman When examining the strategy of Union Major General George Gordon Meade at the battle of Gettysburg, one discovers lingering doubts about his leadership and will to fight. His rivals viewed him as a timid commander who would not have engaged at Gettysburg had not his peers corralled him into it. On the first day of the battle, for instance, it was Major General John Fulton Reynolds who entangled the left wing of the federal army thirty miles north of its original defensive position at Westminster, Maryland. Under the circumstances, Meade scrambled to rush the rest of his army to the developing battlefield. And on the second day, Major General Daniel Sickles advanced part of his Union 3rd Corps several hundred yards ahead of the designated position on the army’s left, and forced Meade to over-commit forces there to save the situation. In both instances the Union army prevailed, while the Confederate high command struggled to adjust to uncharacteristically aggressive Union moves. However, it would appear that both outcomes were the result of actions initiated by someone other than Meade, who seemed to react well enough. Frustrating to Meade must have been that these same two outcomes could have been viewed in a way more favorable to the commanding general. For example, both Reynolds and Sickles were dependent on Meade to follow through with their bold moves. Though Reynolds committed 25,000 Union infantry to fight at Gettysburg, it was Meade who authorized his advance into south-central Pennsylvania. -
Gettysburg: Three Days of Glory Study Guide
GETTYSBURG: THREE DAYS OF GLORY STUDY GUIDE CONFEDERATE AND UNION ORDERS OF BATTLE ABBREVIATIONS MILITARY RANK MG = Major General BG = Brigadier General Col = Colonel Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel Maj = Major Cpt = Captain Lt = Lieutenant Sgt = Sergeant CASUALTY DESIGNATION (w) = wounded (mw) = mortally wounded (k) = killed in action (c) = captured ARMY OF THE POTOMAC MG George G. Meade, Commanding GENERAL STAFF: (Selected Members) Chief of Staff: MG Daniel Butterfield Chief Quartermaster: BG Rufus Ingalls Chief of Artillery: BG Henry J. Hunt Medical Director: Maj Jonathan Letterman Chief of Engineers: BG Gouverneur K. Warren I CORPS MG John F. Reynolds (k) MG Abner Doubleday MG John Newton First Division - BG James S. Wadsworth 1st Brigade - BG Solomon Meredith (w) Col William W. Robinson 2nd Brigade - BG Lysander Cutler Second Division - BG John C. Robinson 1st Brigade - BG Gabriel R. Paul (w), Col Samuel H. Leonard (w), Col Adrian R. Root (w&c), Col Richard Coulter (w), Col Peter Lyle, Col Richard Coulter 2nd Brigade - BG Henry Baxter Third Division - MG Abner Doubleday, BG Thomas A. Rowley Gettysburg: Three Days of Glory Study Guide Page 1 1st Brigade - Col Chapman Biddle, BG Thomas A. Rowley, Col Chapman Biddle 2nd Brigade - Col Roy Stone (w), Col Langhorne Wister (w). Col Edmund L. Dana 3rd Brigade - BG George J. Stannard (w), Col Francis V. Randall Artillery Brigade - Col Charles S. Wainwright II CORPS MG Winfield S. Hancock (w) BG John Gibbon BG William Hays First Division - BG John C. Caldwell 1st Brigade - Col Edward E. Cross (mw), Col H. Boyd McKeen 2nd Brigade - Col Patrick Kelly 3rd Brigade - BG Samuel K. -
Course Reader
Course Reader Gettysburg: History and Memory Professor Allen Guelzo The content of this reader is only for educational use in conjunction with the Gilder Lehrman Institute’s Teacher Seminar Program. Any unauthorized use, such as distributing, copying, modifying, displaying, transmitting, or reprinting, is strictly prohibited. GETTYSBURG in HISTORY and MEMORY DOCUMENTS and PAPERS A.R. Boteler, “Stonewall Jackson In Campaign Of 1862,” Southern Historical Society Papers 40 (September 1915) The Situation James Longstreet, “Lee in Pennsylvania,” in Annals of the War (Philadelphia, 1879) 1863 “Letter from Major-General Henry Heth,” SHSP 4 (September 1877) Lee to Jefferson Davis (June 10, 1863), in O.R., series one, 27 (pt 3) Richard Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War (Edinburgh, 1879) John S. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives: Reminiscences of the Civil War (Durham, NC, 1898) George H. Washburn, A Complete Military History and Record of the 108th Regiment N.Y. Vols., from 1862 to 1894 (Rochester, 1894) Thomas Hyde, Following the Greek Cross, or Memories of the Sixth Army Corps (Boston, 1894) Spencer Glasgow Welch to Cordelia Strother Welch (August 18, 1862), in A Confederate Surgeon’s Letters to His Wife (New York, 1911) The Armies The Road to Richmond: Civil War Memoirs of Major Abner R. Small of the Sixteenth Maine Volunteers, ed. H.A. Small (Berkeley, 1939) Mrs. Arabella M. Willson, Disaster, Struggle, Triumph: The Adventures of 1000 “Boys in Blue,” from August, 1862, until June, 1865 (Albany, 1870) John H. Rhodes, The History of Battery B, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, in the War to Preserve the Union (Providence, 1894) A Gallant Captain of the Civil War: Being the Record of the Extraordinary Adventures of Frederick Otto Baron von Fritsch, ed. -
Daniel Sickles Decisions at Gettysburg Student Guide Sheet Pdf File
“But General Meade this is higher ground!” - Daniel Sickles , July 2 1863 General Daniel Sickles was the commander of the Northern army’s 3rd or (III) corps (you say it “ kore ”) . The army was divided into 7 corps - each corps had about 10,000 men. Commanding General George Meade told General Sickles to move the 3rd Corps into a line of battle along the southern end of Cemetery Ridge and ending at Little Round Top. The Southern army was, of course, near by on Seminary Ridge. Fresh from their victory on July 1, General Robert E. Lee and the Southern army were sure to attack again on July the 2nd - but where? Comment [1]: rfinkill: this map shows the positions of both armies at the start of July 2, the Roman numerals are the number for each corps. When General Sickles arrived with his men at the position assigned to them by General Meade, he did not like it very much. The area in between Cemetery Ridge and Little Round Top was lower ground and not a very good position Sickles felt. He will decide to move his corp of 10,000 men forward. Comment [2]: rfinkill: keep reading below... Click on this link and watch video #10 to find out some of Sickles reasons for moving forward...a s you watch think about what he intended to have happen when he Comment [3]: rfinkill: scroll down on the web site to find video 10 made this move forward This move by General Sickles does not make General Meade happy at all. -
1 Styple, William B., Ed. Generals in Bronze: Interviewing the Commanders of the Civil War. Kearny, N.J.: Belle Grove Publis
Styple, William B., ed. Generals in Bronze: Interviewing the Commanders of the Civil War. Kearny, N.J.: Belle Grove Publishing, 2005. Interview of Generals by sculptor, James Kelly Boyhood memories of the war, viiff New York, alcohol, viii=ix Lincoln’s reelection, ix-xi Fall of Richmond, Lincoln assassination, xi-xii Postwar life, xiiff Sheridan’s ride, xx Philip H. Sheridan, described, 1 Sword, Cedar Creek, 2-3 George A. Forsyth, Lee and Appomattox, 3-5 Grant, Sherman, 11 Sheridan at Cedar Creek, 11 Biographical background on Sheridan, 12ff Sherman, 18 Grant and Sherman, 22 Ely Samuel Parker, Overland campaign, Wilderness, Grant, Hancock, 23-25 Ely Samuel Parker, Appomattox, 25-27 Grant described, 30 Grant, James Harrison Wilson, swearing, 30 Shiloh, Grant, Sherman, 31 Grant, Lee, Appomattox, 31 Grant’s death and funeral, 35-37 John A. Logan described, Sherman, 38 Hooker described, 40 Peninsula campaign, Williamsburg, 40 Sickles, Meade, 41 Hooker on McClellan, 41 Stanton, 41 Hooker, Chancellorsville, 42-43 Rosecrans, alcohol, 43 Abner Doubleday, Fort Sumter, 45-47 John Gibbon, 47 McClellan, 47 Judson Kilpatrick, Hooker, 48-50, Jefferson C. Davis, Pea Ridge, 51, 55-56 Jefferson C. Davis, Sheridan, Cedar Creek, George Crook, Grant, 52 Winfield Scott Hancock, Gettysburg, 58-60 Sherman, 60 Jesse Reno, 60-61 Meade, Hancock, Warren, Gettysburg, Butterfield, Baldy Smith, 64-70 Daniel Butterfield, Gettysburg council of war, John Newton, Doubleday, Birney, Gibbon, Sickles, 71-80 Henry Slocum, Council of war at Gettysburg, 80-82 1 General Martin -
Disregarded Hero of the Battle of Gettysburg
Southern New Hampshire University Dan Sickles: Disregarded Hero of The Battle of Gettysburg A Capstone Project Submitted to the College of Online and Continuing Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Arts in History By James Robert Gray Sr. Athens, Georgia July, 2018 Copyright © 2018 by James Robert Gray Sr. All Rights Reserved ii Student: James Robert Gray Sr. I certify that this student has met the requirements for formatting the capstone project and that this project is suitable for preservation in the University Archive. July 16, 2018 __________________________________________ _______________ Southern New Hampshire University Date College of Online and Continuing Education iii Abstract Dan Sickles has been regarded by many historians as a political general who was a buffoon and led his troops into harm’s way at Gettysburg for personal glory. This paper examines Sickles’ early personal history, why that history has led historians to examine Sickles in a critical fashion with a historical lens, and why Sickles has been disregarded as the true hero of Gettysburg. Sickles was a lover of women causing him to perhaps have an affair with his mother-in- law, visit prostitutes, introduce one prostitute to the Queen of England, and ultimate to murder his wife’s lover in a rage that allowed him to be acquitted on an insanity defense. Sickles entered the Civil War looking to redeem his reputation and develop a military hero role for himself. Gettysburg would allow him the opportunity for that role, but events and his own future behaviors would prevent historians to view him in the role of hero.