The Battle of Gettysburg Activity

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Battle of Gettysburg The Confederate's Army-Before Engagement Spirits high Richmond paper stated “We can … carry our armies far into the enemy’s country, exacting peace by blows leveled at his vitals.” The Union Army-Before Engagement Desprate to win a battle General Meade ordered to engage Confederate forces The Fighting of July 1, 1863 General Henry Heth and Colonel John Buford engage Union Calvary vs. Confederate infantry Calvary pulls back confeds. hot on their heels Union Infantry fight hard at first Fishhook battlement lines Cementry Hill to Little Round Top July 2, 1863-The Day of Decisive, But Pointless Fights. Little Round top assaulted-20,000 Confederate infantry Union hold here Confederates gain ground @ Culp’s Hill All fighting ceased @ sundown I. Robert E. Lee’s aggressiveness helped for Union victory II. Wanted to try to break Union lines III. Union pincer movement IV. Fierce battling raged V. Confederate General Longstreet and Union General Meades commanded the bulk fighting Eastern part of the union lines VI. General George Pickett commanded to charge Union Lines History. Net History.com Lead by: Confederate General George Pickett Importance: allowed to achieve union victory What happened: Confederate rookies vs. History. Net Union Veterans and Artillery Confederates ran acrossedfield to Union Lines Gettysburg-Today To see the battle’s sites, Go to: Gettysburg Map and Facts The Weapons of Gettysburg Artillery: 142 12-pound “Napoleons” 4 10-pound “Parrott” rifles (Confederate) 146 (USA) and 73 (CSA) 3-inch wrought iron rifles 2 (USA) and 26 (CSA) 12-pound Howitzers Small Arms: Musket Carbine (Union Calvary) teachersfirst.com/gettysburg Pistol knife Union and Confederate Uniform and Gear Artillery Weapon-Cannon Calvary-Union maineatwar.bangordailynews.com Cavalry-Confederate redbubble.net/image Map of Gettysburg Notable Facts-Battle of Gettysburg Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address was delivered November 19, 1863 569 tons of ammunition was fired John Buford, whose cavalry fired the first shots of the battle, died December 16, 1863 Civilians at Gettysburg were left to deal with the thousands of wounded During the battle, a random bullet went through a door of a house, killing 20-year-old Mary Virginia Wade. She was the only civilian killed during the battle. For the Battle of Gettysburg Activity Go to: www.military.com/New-Gettysburg-Game.

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James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg
“Such a night is seldom experienced…” James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg Karlton Smith, Gettysburg NMP After the repulse of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s Assault on July 3, 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia, knew that the only option left for him at Gettysburg was to try to disengage from his lines and return with his army to Virginia. Longstreet, commander of the army’s First Corps and Lee’s chief lieutenant, would play a significant role in this retrograde movement. As a preliminary to the general withdrawal, Longstreet decided to pull his troops back from the forward positions gained during the fighting on July 2. Lt. Col. G. Moxley Sorrel, Longstreet’s adjutant general, delivered the necessary orders to Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, commanding one of Longstreet’s divisions. Sorrel offered to carry the order to Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law, commanding John B. Hood’s division, on McLaws’s right. McLaws raised objections to this order. He felt that his advanced position was important and “had been won after a deadly struggle; that the order was given no doubt because of [George] Pickett’s repulse, but as there was no pursuit there was no necessity of it.” Sorrel interrupted saying: “General, there is no discretion allowed, the order is for you to retire at once.” Gen. James Longstreet, C.S.A. (LOC) As McLaws’s forward line was withdrawing to Warfield and Seminary ridges, the Federal batteries on Little Round Top opened fire, “but by quickening the pace the aim was so disturbed that no damage was done.” McLaws’s line was followed by “clouds of skirmishers” from the Federal Army of the Potomac; however, after reinforcing his own skirmish line they were driven back from the Peach Orchard area.
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Battle of Gettysburg Day 1 Reading Comprehension Name: ______
Battle of Gettysburg Day 1 Reading Comprehension Name: _________________________ Read the passage and answer the questions. The Ridges of Gettysburg Anticipating a Confederate assault, Union Brigadier General John Buford and his soldiers would produce the first line of defense. Buford positioned his defenses along three ridges west of the town. Buford's goal was simply to delay the Confederate advance with his small cavalry unit until greater Union forces could assemble their defenses on the three storied ridges south of town known as Cemetery Ridge, Cemetery Hill, and Culp's Hill's. These ridges were crucial to control of Gettysburg. Whichever army could successfully occupy these heights would have superior position and would be difficult to dislodge. The Death of Major General Reynolds The first of the Confederate forces to engage at Gettysburg, under the Command of Major General Henry Heth, succeeded in advancing forward despite Buford's defenses. Soon, battles erupted in several locations, and Union forces would suffer severe casualties. Union Major General John Reynolds would be killed in battle while positioning his troops. Major General Abner Doubleday, the man eventually credited with inventing the formal game of baseball, would assume command. Fighting would intensify on a road known as the Chambersburg Pike, as Confederate forces continued to advance. Jubal Early's Successful Assault Meanwhile, Union defenses positioned north and northwest of town would soon be outflanked by Confederates under the command of Jubal Early and Robert Rodes. Despite suffering severe casualties, Early's soldiers would break through the line under the command of Union General Francis Barlow, attacking them from multiple sides and completely overwhelming them.
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General AP Hill at Gettysburg
Papers of the 2017 Gettysburg National Park Seminar General A.P. Hill at Gettysburg: A Study of Character and Command Matt Atkinson If not A. P. Hill, then who? May 2, 1863, Orange Plank Road, Chancellorsville, Virginia – In the darkness of the Wilderness, victory or defeat hung in the balance. The redoubtable man himself, Stonewall Jackson, had ridden out in front of his most advanced infantry line to reconnoiter the Federal position and was now returning with his staff. Nervous North Carolinians started to fire at the noises of the approaching horses. Voices cry out from the darkness, “Cease firing, you are firing into your own men!” “Who gave that order?” a muffled voice in the distance is heard to say. “It’s a lie! Pour it into them, boys!” Like chain lightning, a sudden volley of musketry flashes through the woods and the aftermath reveals Jackson struck by three bullets.1 Caught in the tempest also is one of Jackson’s division commanders, A. P. Hill. The two men had feuded for months but all that was forgotten as Hill rode to see about his commander’s welfare. “I have been trying to make the men cease firing,” said Hill as he dismounted. “Is the wound painful?” “Very painful, my arm is broken,” replied Jackson. Hill delicately removed Jackson’s gauntlets and then unhooked his sabre and sword belt. Hill then sat down on the ground and cradled Jackson’s head in his lap as he and an aide cut through the commander’s clothing to examine the wounds.
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George Pickett
George Pickett This article is about the American Confederate general. 2 Early military career For the British physicist, see George Pickett (physicist). Pickett was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in George Edward Pickett (January 16,[1] 1825 – July 30, the U.S. 8th Infantry Regiment. He soon gained na- 1875) was a career United States Army officer who be- tional recognition in the Mexican-American War when came a major general in the Confederate States Army he carried the American colors over the parapet during during the American Civil War. He is best remembered the Battle of Chapultepec. Wounded at the base of the for his participation in the futile and bloody assault at wall, Pickett’s friend and colleague Lt. James Longstreet the Battle of Gettysburg that bears his name, Pickett’s handed him the colors. Pickett carried the flag over the Charge. wall and fought his way to the roof of the palace, unfurl- ing it over the fortress and announcing its surrender. He received a brevet promotion to captain following this ac- 1 Early life tion. In 1849, while serving on the Texas frontier after the war, he was promoted to first lieutenant and then to captain in Pickett was born in Richmond, Virginia, the first of the [3] eight children of Robert and Mary Pickett,[2] a promi- the 9th U.S. Infantry in 1855. In 1853, Pickett chal- nent family of Old Virginia of English origins, and one lenged a fellow junior officer, future Union general and of the “first families” of Virginia. He was the cousin opposing Civil War commander Winfield Scott Hancock, of future Confederate general Henry Heth.[3] He went to a duel; (they had met only briefly when Hancock was to Springfield, Illinois, to study law, but at the age of 17 passing through Texas).
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Gettysburg: Three Days of Glory Study Guide
GETTYSBURG: THREE DAYS OF GLORY STUDY GUIDE CONFEDERATE AND UNION ORDERS OF BATTLE ABBREVIATIONS MILITARY RANK MG = Major General BG = Brigadier General Col = Colonel Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel Maj = Major Cpt = Captain Lt = Lieutenant Sgt = Sergeant CASUALTY DESIGNATION (w) = wounded (mw) = mortally wounded (k) = killed in action (c) = captured ARMY OF THE POTOMAC MG George G. Meade, Commanding GENERAL STAFF: (Selected Members) Chief of Staff: MG Daniel Butterfield Chief Quartermaster: BG Rufus Ingalls Chief of Artillery: BG Henry J. Hunt Medical Director: Maj Jonathan Letterman Chief of Engineers: BG Gouverneur K. Warren I CORPS MG John F. Reynolds (k) MG Abner Doubleday MG John Newton First Division - BG James S. Wadsworth 1st Brigade - BG Solomon Meredith (w) Col William W. Robinson 2nd Brigade - BG Lysander Cutler Second Division - BG John C. Robinson 1st Brigade - BG Gabriel R. Paul (w), Col Samuel H. Leonard (w), Col Adrian R. Root (w&c), Col Richard Coulter (w), Col Peter Lyle, Col Richard Coulter 2nd Brigade - BG Henry Baxter Third Division - MG Abner Doubleday, BG Thomas A. Rowley Gettysburg: Three Days of Glory Study Guide Page 1 1st Brigade - Col Chapman Biddle, BG Thomas A. Rowley, Col Chapman Biddle 2nd Brigade - Col Roy Stone (w), Col Langhorne Wister (w). Col Edmund L. Dana 3rd Brigade - BG George J. Stannard (w), Col Francis V. Randall Artillery Brigade - Col Charles S. Wainwright II CORPS MG Winfield S. Hancock (w) BG John Gibbon BG William Hays First Division - BG John C. Caldwell 1st Brigade - Col Edward E. Cross (mw), Col H. Boyd McKeen 2nd Brigade - Col Patrick Kelly 3rd Brigade - BG Samuel K.
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Course Reader
Course Reader Gettysburg: History and Memory Professor Allen Guelzo The content of this reader is only for educational use in conjunction with the Gilder Lehrman Institute’s Teacher Seminar Program. Any unauthorized use, such as distributing, copying, modifying, displaying, transmitting, or reprinting, is strictly prohibited. GETTYSBURG in HISTORY and MEMORY DOCUMENTS and PAPERS A.R. Boteler, “Stonewall Jackson In Campaign Of 1862,” Southern Historical Society Papers 40 (September 1915) The Situation James Longstreet, “Lee in Pennsylvania,” in Annals of the War (Philadelphia, 1879) 1863 “Letter from Major-General Henry Heth,” SHSP 4 (September 1877) Lee to Jefferson Davis (June 10, 1863), in O.R., series one, 27 (pt 3) Richard Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War (Edinburgh, 1879) John S. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives: Reminiscences of the Civil War (Durham, NC, 1898) George H. Washburn, A Complete Military History and Record of the 108th Regiment N.Y. Vols., from 1862 to 1894 (Rochester, 1894) Thomas Hyde, Following the Greek Cross, or Memories of the Sixth Army Corps (Boston, 1894) Spencer Glasgow Welch to Cordelia Strother Welch (August 18, 1862), in A Confederate Surgeon’s Letters to His Wife (New York, 1911) The Armies The Road to Richmond: Civil War Memoirs of Major Abner R. Small of the Sixteenth Maine Volunteers, ed. H.A. Small (Berkeley, 1939) Mrs. Arabella M. Willson, Disaster, Struggle, Triumph: The Adventures of 1000 “Boys in Blue,” from August, 1862, until June, 1865 (Albany, 1870) John H. Rhodes, The History of Battery B, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, in the War to Preserve the Union (Providence, 1894) A Gallant Captain of the Civil War: Being the Record of the Extraordinary Adventures of Frederick Otto Baron von Fritsch, ed.
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"4.+?$ Signature and Title of Certifying Official
NPS Fonn 10-900-b OMB No. 10244018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES MULTIPLE PROPERTY DOCUMENTATIONFORM This form is used for documenting multiple pmpcny pups relating to one or several historic wnvxe. Sainsrmctions in How lo Complele the Mul1,ple Property D~mmmlationFonn (National Register Bullnin 16B). Compleveach item by entering the requested information. For addillanal space. use wntinuation shau (Form 10-900-a). Use a rypwiter, word pmarror, or computer to complete dl ivms. A New Submission -Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Llstlng The Civil War in Virginia, 1861-1865: Historic and Archaeological Resources - B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each acsociated historic conk* identifying theme, gmgmphid al and chronological Mod foreach.) The Civil War in Virginia, 1861-1865: Historic and Archaeological Resources - - C. Form Prepared by -- - nameltitle lohn S. Salmon organization Virginia De~artmentof Historic Resourceg smet & number 2801 Kensineton Avenue telephone 804-367-2323 em. 117 city or town -state VA zip code222l As ~ ~ -~~ - ~ ~~~ -~~ An~~~ ~~ sr amended I the duimated authoriw unda the National Hislaic~.~~ R*urvlion of 1%6. ~ hmbv~ ~~ ccrtih. ha this docummfation form , ~ ,~~ mauthe Nhlond Regutn docummunon and xu forth requ~rnncnufor the Istmg of related pmpnia wns~svntw~thihc~mund Rcglster crivna Thu submiu~onmsm ihc prcce4unl ~d pmfes~onalrcqutmnu uc lath in 36 CFR Pan M) ~d the Scsmar) of the Intenoh Standar& Md Guidelina for Alshoology and Historic Revnation. LSa wntinuation shafor additi01w.I wmmmu.) "4.+?$ Signature and title of certifying official I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register.
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Mahan at West Point, “Gallic Bias,” and the “Old Army”: the Subconscious of Leadership at Gettysburg
Mahan at West Point, “Gallic Bias,” and the “Old Army”: The Subconscious of Leadership at Gettysburg Michael Phipps “In my dreams I hear again the crash of guns, the rattle of musketry, the strange, mournful mutter of the battlefield. But in the evening of my memory, always I come back to West Point.” Douglas MacArthur “…Napoleon stands unrivalled.” Dennis Hart Mahan “God and the soldier we like adore, In time of danger, not before. The danger past and all things righted, God is forgotten, the soldier slighted.” Thomas Jordan 1 Introduction What follows is not a discussion of the direct results of leadership on the Battle of Gettysburg. That subject is one of the most widely and deeply covered in all of American and world history. This paper is rather an examination of the subtle impact on the battle caused by the background of the highest-ranking leaders on the field. In a sense, it is a look at the subconscious of the leadership on the field. The Battle of Gettysburg, and with it the entire American Civil War, was in one sense, not a fight between slave and free, states’ rights and central federal, industrial and agrarian, north and south, “Johnny Reb” and “Billy Yank,” or the overdone cliché “brother against brother.” Rather, it was a fight at the highest command level between men with virtually identical backgrounds. That background consisted of four or five years attending the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. There at least a year was spent in the classroom of Dennis Hart Mahan, Professor of Civil and Military Engineering and the Art (or Science) of War.
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An Analysis of Robert E. Lee and His Corps Commanders in the Civil War
CHAIN OF COMMAND: AN ANALYSIS OF ROBERT E. LEE AND HIS CORPS COMMANDERS IN THE CIVIL WAR Aaron D. Lewis A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2016 Committee: Benjamin Greene, Advisor A. Dwayne Beggs Michael E. Brooks © 2016 Aaron Lewis All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Benjamin Greene, Advisor Robert E. Lee remains a mythical figure within the culture of the southern United States. Proponents of the Southern “Lost Cause of the Confederacy” argued that he embodied the idea of Southern morality and toughness. Lee’s accomplishments on the battlefield are what brought him such admiration in the south. The Confederate cause of “freedom,” Southerners believed, was still attainable as long as Marse Robert commanded the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee frequently led his undersized and under-equipped army to victory over the Union armies of the Eastern Theatre during the first half of the Civil War. Using a wide variety of primary sources, from the Official Records to the personal letters and memoirs of Civil War commanders, I argue that Lee directly benefitted from the abilities of Stonewall Jackson, and once he died, Lee’s ability to win on the battlefield greatly diminished. Victories at Antietam and Chancellorsville were the product of Lee’s quick-thinking, boldness, and a clear explanation of what he expected of his commanders, as well as the incompetence of the Union commanders he faced. Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg, however, is the product of poor clarification by Lee as to what he expected of his commanders, and his inability to consider the input of his subordinates.
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Why Gettysburg?
WHY GETTYSBURG? An Analysis of the Command Decisions and Intelligence Failures That Led to Gettysburg ANTHONY M. NICASTRO “To write history,” Frederick the Great once complained to a correspondent, “is to compile the follies of men and the blows of chance.”1 In the spring of 1863 the Confederate and Union armies stood facing each other across the Rappahannock River, like two football teams at a scrimmage line, only this was no game. The goal here was nothing less than the survival of the United States of America or the independence of the newly created Confederates States of America. General Robert E. Lee, class of 1829 of the United States Military Academy at West Point understood that he could not fight a war of attrition against the industrial might and numerical superiority of the North, even though the South had been successful in holding its own in the Eastern Theater of Operation.2 He sensed that time was running out for the Confederacy. What was needed, he believed, was an audacious strike into the very heartland of the North. He believed that the Confederacy’s only realistic chance to win their independence was by demoralizing the northern population. If they believed the war could not be won, or could only be won at too great a cost, they might unseat the Lincoln administration, which could lead to Southern independence. Lee thought carrying the war to northern soil furthered this end more than standing on the defensive and deflecting Northern offensives in Virginia. Lee had attempted a northern invasion nine months earlier, when he invaded Maryland in a campaign that reached its bloody climax at Antietam.
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Civil War Manuscripts
CIVIL WAR MANUSCRIPTS CIVIL WAR MANUSCRIPTS MANUSCRIPT READING ROW '•'" -"•••-' -'- J+l. MANUSCRIPT READING ROOM CIVIL WAR MANUSCRIPTS A Guide to Collections in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress Compiled by John R. Sellers LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON 1986 Cover: Ulysses S. Grant Title page: Benjamin F. Butler, Montgomery C. Meigs, Joseph Hooker, and David D. Porter Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. Civil War manuscripts. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: LC 42:C49 1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865— Manuscripts—Catalogs. 2. United States—History— Civil War, 1861-1865—Sources—Bibliography—Catalogs. 3. Library of Congress. Manuscript Division—Catalogs. I. Sellers, John R. II. Title. Z1242.L48 1986 [E468] 016.9737 81-607105 ISBN 0-8444-0381-4 The portraits in this guide were reproduced from a photograph album in the James Wadsworth family papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. The album contains nearly 200 original photographs (numbered sequentially at the top), most of which were autographed by their subjects. The photo- graphs were collected by John Hay, an author and statesman who was Lin- coln's private secretary from 1860 to 1865. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. PREFACE To Abraham Lincoln, the Civil War was essentially a people's contest over the maintenance of a government dedi- cated to the elevation of man and the right of every citizen to an unfettered start in the race of life. President Lincoln believed that most Americans understood this, for he liked to boast that while large numbers of Army and Navy officers had resigned their commissions to take up arms against the government, not one common soldier or sailor was known to have deserted his post to fight for the Confederacy.
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1 Carter, Thomas Henry. a Gunner in Lee's Army: the Civil War Letters of Thomas Henry Carter. Edited by Graham T. Dozier
Carter, Thomas Henry. A Gunner in Lee’s Army: The Civil War Letters of Thomas Henry Carter. Edited by Graham T. Dozier. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Washington artillery review, 22 Manassas battlefield, 26 Shortage of food and ammunition, 28 Mistake in not advancing after First Manassas, Jefferson Davis, 28 Ewell and women at dinner, 29 Whiskey, 30 Earl Van Dorn, 31-32 Shoes, impressment of slaves, 33 Ewell and Van Dorn, 36 Ewell, 38 Ball’s Bluff, 39-40, 45 Earl Van Dorn, 43 Field fortifications, earthworks, 45-46 Jefferson Davis, camp election, 48 Camp slaves, 48 Savannah forts, 52 McClellan, praise for and thinks he won’t attack us, 53 First Manassas, Bee and Bartow, 54 Corn prices, 56 Washington Artillery, Manassas, Jackson, 57 Winter quarters, 57 Mason and Slidell, England, tariff, 62 Clay and vinegar for sprains and bruises, 64 Division review, 65 Beauregard, Longstreet, Van Dorn, Ewell, 65 Corn sales and money, 67 Their baby, toddler, 68 Box, theft, 68, 70 Politics in western Virginia, democracy and demagoguery, 69 Measles, 71 Does not understand why Federal gunboats do not attack their weak positions, 73-74 Shed, stable for the battery, 74 Henry Heth, 75 Box, 76 Praises his wife’s beauty, 76 Diseased horse, shot horse, 78 General Rodes and wife, 78 Furlough, volunteer army, need for conscription, 79 Militia draft, overseers, 80-83 Furloughs, 81, 86 Reenlistment, need for congressional action, 83 Philip St. George Cocke suicide, 84 Rodes, reenlistments, expirations of twelve-month enlistments, 87 1 Measles,
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