The Arp Catalog of Peculiar Galaxies
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Observational Studies of the Galaxy Peculiar Velocity Field
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF THE GALAXY PECULIAR VELOCITY FIELD by Philip Andrew James Astrophysics Group Blackett Laboratory Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College November 1988 1 ABSTRACT This thesis describes two observational studies of the peculiar velocity field of galaxies over scales of 50-100 Jr1 Mpc, and the consequences of these measurements for cosmological theories. An introduction is given to observational cosmology, emphasising the crucial questions of the nature of the dark matter and the formation of structure. The principal cosmological models are discussed, and the role of observations in developing these models is stressed. Consideration is given to those observations that are likely to prove good discriminators between the competing models, particular emphasis being given to studies of the coherent velocities of samples of galaxies. The first new study presented here uses optical photometry and redshifts, from the literature, for First Ranked Cluster Galaxies (FRCG’s). These galaxies are excellent standard candles, and thus ideal for peculiar velocity studies. A simple one dimensional analysis detects no relative motion between the Local Group of galaxies and 60 FRCG’s with redshifts of up to 15000 kms-1. This is shown to imply a streaming motion of the cluster galaxies of at least 600 kms_1 relative to the CBR. The second observational study is a reanalysis of the Rubin et al. (1976a,b) sample of Sc galaxies. Near-IR photometry is used in our reanalysis to minimise the effects of extinction and to facilitate the use of luminosity indicators in reducing the effects of selection biases. -
CO Multi-Line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING) IV. Overview Of
Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan (2018) 00(0), 1–33 1 doi: 10.1093/pasj/xxx000 CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING) IV. Overview of the Project Kazuo SORAI1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Nario KUNO4, 5, Kazuyuki MURAOKA6, Yusuke MIYAMOTO7, 8, Hiroyuki KANEKO7, Hiroyuki NAKANISHI9 , Naomasa NAKAI4, 5, 10, Kazuki YANAGITANI6 , Takahiro TANAKA4, Yuya SATO4, Dragan SALAK10, Michiko UMEI2 , Kana MOROKUMA-MATSUI7, 8, 11, 12, Naoko MATSUMOTO13, 14, Saeko UENO9, Hsi-An PAN15, Yuto NOMA10, Tsutomu, T. TAKEUCHI16 , Moe YODA16, Mayu KURODA6, Atsushi YASUDA4 , Yoshiyuki YAJIMA2 , Nagisa OI17, Shugo SHIBATA2, Masumichi SETA10, Yoshimasa WATANABE4, 5, 18, Shoichiro KITA4, Ryusei KOMATSUZAKI4 , Ayumi KAJIKAWA2, 3, Yu YASHIMA2, 3, Suchetha COORAY16 , Hiroyuki BAJI6 , Yoko SEGAWA2 , Takami TASHIRO2 , Miho TAKEDA6, Nozomi KISHIDA2 , Takuya HATAKEYAMA4 , Yuto TOMIYASU4 and Chey SAITA9 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 2Department of Cosmosciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 3Department of Physics, School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 4Division of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan 5Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe (TCHoU), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan 6Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen 1-1, -
Curriculum Vitae Avishay Gal-Yam
January 27, 2017 Curriculum Vitae Avishay Gal-Yam Personal Name: Avishay Gal-Yam Current address: Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. Telephones: home: 972-8-9464749, work: 972-8-9342063, Fax: 972-8-9344477 e-mail: [email protected] Born: March 15, 1970, Israel Family status: Married + 3 Citizenship: Israeli Education 1997-2003: Ph.D., School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Advisor: Prof. Dan Maoz 1994-1996: B.Sc., Magna Cum Laude, in Physics and Mathematics, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. (1989-1993: Military service.) Positions 2013- : Head, Physics Core Facilities Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2012- : Associate Professor, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2008- : Head, Kraar Observatory Program, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2007- : Visiting Associate, California Institute of Technology. 2007-2012: Senior Scientist, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2006-2007: Postdoctoral Scholar, California Institute of Technology. 2003-2006: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow, California Institute of Technology. 1996-2003: Physics and Mathematics Research and Teaching Assistant, Tel Aviv University. Honors and Awards 2012: Kimmel Award for Innovative Investigation. 2010: Krill Prize for Excellence in Scientific Research. 2010: Isreali Physical Society (IPS) Prize for a Young Physicist (shared with E. Nakar). 2010: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) ARCHES Prize. 2010: Levinson Physics Prize. 2008: The Peter and Patricia Gruber Award. 2007: European Union IRG Fellow. 2006: “Citt`adi Cefal`u"Prize. 2003: Hubble Fellow. 2002: Tel Aviv U. School of Physics and Astronomy award for outstanding achievements. 2000: Colton Fellow. 2000: Tel Aviv U. School of Physics and Astronomy research and teaching excellence award. -
Large-Scale Outflows in Edge-On Seyfert Galaxies. II. Kiloparsec
Large-Scale Outflows in Edge-on Seyfert Galaxies. II. Kiloparsec-Scale Radio Continuum Emission Edward J. M. Colbert1,2, Stefi A. Baum1, Jack F. Gallimore1,2, Christopher P. O’Dea1, Jennifer A. Christensen1 Received ; accepted arXiv:astro-ph/9604022v1 3 Apr 1996 1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 2 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 –2– ABSTRACT We present deep images of the kpc-scale radio continuum emission in 14 edge-on galaxies (ten Seyfert and four starburst galaxies). Observations were taken with the VLA at 4.9 GHz (6 cm). The Seyfert galaxies were selected from a distance-limited sample of 22 objects (defined in paper I). The starburst galaxies were selected to be well-matched to the Seyferts in radio power, recessional velocity and inclination angle. All four starburst galaxies have a very bright disk component and one (NGC 3044) has a radio halo that extends several kpc out of the galaxy plane. Six of the ten Seyferts observed have large-scale (radial extent >1 kpc) radio structures extending outward from the ∼ nuclear region, indicating that large-scale outflows are quite common in Seyferts. Large-scale radio sources in Seyferts are similar in radio power and radial extent to radio halos in edge-on starburst galaxies, but their morphologies do not resemble spherical halos observed in starburst galaxies. The sources have diffuse morphologies, but, in general, they are oriented at skewed angles with respect to the galaxy minor axes. This result is most easily understood if the outflows are AGN-driven jets that are somehow diverted away from the galaxy disk on scales >1 kpc. -
Intensity Spots in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and Distant Objects V
Astronomy Letters, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2001, pp. 207–212. Translated from Pis’ma v Astronomicheskiœ Zhurnal, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2001, pp. 243–249. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2001 by Dubrovich. Formation Mechanisms of “Negative”-Intensity Spots in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and Distant Objects V. K. Dubrovich* Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, pos. Nizhniœ Arkhyz, Stavropol kraœ, 357147 Russia Received June 2, 2000; in final form, October 2, 2000 Abstract—We consider the formation mechanisms of “negative”-intensity spots in the radio band for various astrophysical conditions. For wavelengths λ < 1.5 mm, the regions of reduced temperature (relative to the cos- mic microwave background radiation, CMBR) are shown to be produced only by high-redshift objects moving at peculiar velocities. The main processes are CMBR Thomson scattering and bremsstrahlung. We show that the effect δT/T can be ~ 10–5 in magnitude. We derive simple analytic expressions, which allow the redshifts, electron densities, and linear sizes of these regions to be estimated from observed spectral and spatial parame- ters. Additional observational methods for refining these parameters are outlined. © 2001 MAIK “Nauka/Inter- periodica”. Key words: theoretical and observational cosmology INTRODUCTION only two formation mechanisms of the “glow.” One of In the last 30 years, much attention has been given them is the Doppler distortion of external, equilibrium, to the search for and a detailed analysis of spatial fluc- and isotropic radiation (CMBR). For this to occur, the tuations in cosmic microwave background radiation object must have a peculiar velocity Vp and some non- zero opacity. -
Comprehensive Broadband X-Ray and Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in Local 57 Ultra/Luminous Infrared Galaxies Observed with Nustar And/Or Swift/BAT
Draft version July 26, 2021 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX631 Comprehensive Broadband X-ray and Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in Local 57 Ultra/luminous Infrared Galaxies Observed with NuSTAR and/or Swift/BAT Satoshi Yamada ,1 Yoshihiro Ueda ,1 Atsushi Tanimoto ,2 Masatoshi Imanishi ,3, 4 Yoshiki Toba ,1, 5 Claudio Ricci ,6, 7, 8 and George C. Privon 9 1Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 2Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 3National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 4Department of Astronomical Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 5Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan 6N´ucleo de Astronom´ıade la Facultad de Ingenier´ıa,Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ej´ercito Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile 7Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China 8George Mason University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, MS 3F3, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA 9National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA (Received April 13, 2021; Revised June 11, 2021; Accepted Jul, 2021) ABSTRACT We perform a systematic X-ray spectroscopic analysis of 57 local ultra/luminous infrared galaxy systems (containing 84 individual galaxies) observed with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and/or Swift/BAT. Combining soft X-ray data obtained with Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku and/or Swift/XRT, we identify 40 hard (>10 keV) X-ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and con- strain their torus parameters with the X-ray clumpy torus model XCLUMPY (Tanimoto et al. -
In IAU Symp. 193, Wolf-Rayet Phenomena in Stars and Starburst
Synthesis Models for Starburst Populations with Wolf-Rayet Stars Claus Leitherer Space Telescope Science Institute1, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 Abstract. The prospects of utilizing Wolf-Rayet populations in star- burst galaxies to infer the stellar content are reviewed. I discuss which Wolf-Rayet star features can be detected in an integrated stellar pop- ulation. Specific examples are given where the presence of Wolf-Rayet stars can help understand galaxy properties independent of the O-star population. I demonstrate how populations with small age spread, such as super star clusters, permit observational tests to distinguish between single-star and binary models to produce Wolf-Rayet stars. Different synthesis models for Wolf-Rayet populations are compared. Predictions for Wolf-Rayet properties vary dramatically between individual models. The current state of the models is such that a comparison with starburst populations is more useful for improving Wolf-Rayet atmosphere and evo- lution models than for deriving the star-formation history and the initial mass function. 1. Wolf-Rayet Signatures in Young Populations The central 30 Doradus region has the highest concentration of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the LMC. Parker et al. (1995) classify 15 stars within 2000 (or 5 pc) of R136 as WR stars, including objects which may appear WR-like due to very dense winds (de Koter et al. 1997). This suggests that about 1 out of 10 ionizing stars around R136 is of WR type. The WR stars can be seen in an ultraviolet (UV) drift-scan spectrum of the integrated 30 Dor population obtained by Vacca et al. -
Galaxies with Rows A
Astronomy Reports, Vol. 45, No. 11, 2001, pp. 841–853. Translated from Astronomicheski˘ı Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 11, 2001, pp. 963–976. Original Russian Text Copyright c 2001 by Chernin, Kravtsova, Zasov, Arkhipova. Galaxies with Rows A. D. Chernin, A. S. Kravtsova, A. V. Zasov, and V. P. Arkhipova Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Universitetskii˘ pr. 13, Moscow, 119899 Russia Received March 16, 2001 Abstract—The results of a search for galaxies with straight structural elements, usually spiral-arm rows (“rows” in the terminology of Vorontsov-Vel’yaminov), are reported. The list of galaxies that possess (or probably possess) such rows includes about 200 objects, of which about 70% are brighter than 14m.On the whole, galaxies with rows make up 6–8% of all spiral galaxies with well-developed spiral patterns. Most galaxies with rows are gas-rich Sbc–Scd spirals. The fraction of interacting galaxies among them is appreciably higher than among galaxies without rows. Earlier conclusions that, as a rule, the lengths of rows are similar to their galactocentric distances and that the angles between adjacent rows are concentrated near 120◦ are confirmed. It is concluded that the rows must be transient hydrodynamic structures that develop in normal galaxies. c 2001 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. 1. INTRODUCTION images were reproduced by Vorontsov-Vel’yaminov and analyze the general properties of these objects. The long, straight features found in some galaxies, which usually appear as straight spiral-arm rows and persist in spite of differential rotation of the galaxy 2. THE SAMPLE OF GALAXIES disks, pose an intriguing problem. These features, WITH STRAIGHT ROWS first described by Vorontsov-Vel’yaminov (to whom we owe the term “rows”) have long escaped the To identify galaxies with rows, we inspected about attention of researchers. -
Cerncourier-April17 213X282 E.Indd 1 22.02.17 11:37 Uhr CERNCOURIER Www
CERN Courier April 2017 Astrowatch Optimize your LLRF with excellent jitter perfor- C OMPILED BY M ARC TÜRLER , ISDC AND O BSERVATORY OF THE U NIVERSITY OF G ENEVA , AND CHIPP, U NIVERSITY OF Z URICH Gravitational lens challenges cosmic expansion mance measurements Low phase noise oscillators are essential in the development, verification Using galaxies as vast gravitational lenses, . agreement with other recent determinations and optimization of every particle accelerator. In a single instrument the et al Visit us at an international group of astronomers has in the local universe using classical ¸FSWP provides best-in-class noise and jitter sensitivity, ultra-fast made an independent measurement of how cosmic-distance ladder methods. One of measurement speed and the benefit of an internal low phase noise oscillator. IPAC in Copenhagen, fast the universe is expanding. The newly these, by Adam Riess and collaborators, finds measured expansion rate is consistent with an even higher value of the Hubble constant ❙ Superior jitter measurement down to 0.3 Hz offset Booth 46 and 47 –1 –1 earlier findings in the local universe based on (H0 = 73.2±1.7 km s Mpc ) and has therefore ❙ Measurement of additive phase noise at the push of a button more traditional methods, but intriguingly triggered a lot of interest in recent months. ❙ Internal low phase noise oscillator coupled with enhanced cross- ESA/Hubble; NASA, Suyu remains higher than the value derived by the The reason is that such values are in correlation functionality Planck satellite – a tension that could hint at tension with the precise determination new physics. -
1987Apj. . .320. .2383 the Astrophysical Journal, 320:238-257
.2383 The Astrophysical Journal, 320:238-257,1987 September 1 © 1987. The American Astronomical Society. AU rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. .320. 1987ApJ. THE IRÁS BRIGHT GALAXY SAMPLE. II. THE SAMPLE AND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION B. T. Soifer, 1 D. B. Sanders,1 B. F. Madore,1,2,3 G. Neugebauer,1 G. E. Danielson,4 J. H. Elias,1 Carol J. Lonsdale,5 and W. L. Rice5 Received 1986 December 1 ; accepted 1987 February 13 ABSTRACT A complete sample of 324 extragalactic objects with 60 /mi flux densities greater than 5.4 Jy has been select- ed from the IRAS catalogs. Only one of these objects can be classified morphologically as a Seyfert nucleus; the others are all galaxies. The median distance of the galaxies in the sample is ~ 30 Mpc, and the median 10 luminosity vLv(60 /mi) is ~2 x 10 L0. This infrared selected sample is much more “infrared active” than optically selected galaxy samples. 8 12 The range in far-infrared luminosities of the galaxies in the sample is 10 LQ-2 x 10 L©. The far-infrared luminosities of the sample galaxies appear to be independent of the optical luminosities, suggesting a separate luminosity component. As previously found, a correlation exists between 60 /¿m/100 /¿m flux density ratio and far-infrared luminosity. The mass of interstellar dust required to produce the far-infrared radiation corre- 8 10 sponds to a mass of gas of 10 -10 M0 for normal gas to dust ratios. This is comparable to the mass of the interstellar medium in most galaxies. -
1987Apj. . .318. .1613 the Astrophysical Journal, 318:161-174
.1613 The Astrophysical Journal, 318:161-174,1987 July 1 © 1987. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. .318. 1987ApJ. A STUDY OF A FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE OF IRAS GALAXIES1 Beverly J. Smith and S. G. Kleinmann University of Massachusetts J. P. Huchra Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics AND F. J. Low Steward Observatory, University of Arizona Received 1986 September 3 ; accepted 1986 December 11 ABSTRACT We present results from a study of all 72 galaxies detected by IRAS in band 3 at flux levels >2 Jy and lying the region 8h < a < 17h, 23?5 < <5 < 32?5. Redshifts and accurate four-color IRAS photometry were 8 2 obtained for the entire sample. The 60 jtm luminosities of these galaxies lie in the range 4 x 10 (JF/o/100) L0 2 2 to 5 x lO^iTo/lOO) L0. The 60 jtm luminosity function at the high-luminosity end is proportional to L~ ; 10 below L = 10 L0 the luminosity function flattens. This is in agreement with previous results. We find a distinction between the morphology and infrared colors of the most luminous and the least luminous galaxies, leading to the suggestion that the observed luminosity function is produced by two different classes of objects. Comparisons between the selected IRAS galaxies and an optically complete sample taken from the CfA redshift survey show that they are more narrowly distributed in blue luminosity than those optically selected, in the sense that the IRAS sample includes few galaxies of low absolute blue luminosity. We also find that the space distribution of the two samples differ: the density enhancement of IRAS galaxies is only that of the optically selected galaxies in the core of the Coma Cluster, raising the question whether source counts of IRAS galaxies can be used to deduce the mass distribution in the universe. -
Physics ABSTRACT SIMULATION of INTERACTING GALAXY PAIR ARP
Research Paper Volume : 2 | Issue : 8 | August 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Physics SIMULATION OF INTERACTING KEYWORDS : Arp 82, interacting galaxy GALAXY PAIR ARP 82 pairs, simulation of NGC2535 and NGC2536. Mariwan A. Rasheed Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Sulaimani ABSTRACT In the present work, the interaction between the two galaxies (NGC2535 and NGC2536) is simulated. And according to the simulation the interaction causes the two arc tails in the big galaxy NGC253, in which the southern tail of the galaxy is bigger than the northern tail and the southern tail is connected with the smaller galaxy NGC2336 through a bridge. For the initial conditions, such as mass ratio, distance, and the radius of the two galaxies that I have put in this work, gives a best picture of the two interacted galaxies which named as Arp 82. INTRODUCTION: by the gravitation, and the rings distort gradually, therefore the When galaxies interact they may merge into a large one or af- fect on each other without merging. These interactions make the whole disks of the galaxies reshape to produce the peculiar changes in the shape and the geometry of the two galaxies, in galaxies.distribution of particles of the outer rings dislocate at first, then which the result is the construction of peculiar galaxies. Such The initial conditions of mass, position, and the distance that have been put in this work are: peculiar galaxies are classified in atlas and catalog, Vorontsov- Velyaminov 1959 and 1977, Arp 1966, Karachentsev 1972. - Msun, radi- - 10 Arp 82 which can be considered as M51-type galaxies, Lauri For NGC2535 galaxy: the centroid mass =2.51×10 tails,kainen while et al, the 1998 second is an galaxy example is ofthe two small interacting galaxy which pair of known galax us=1.62 kpc, halo radius=9.72kpc.10 While for NGC 2536 galaxy: asies a NGC2535 companion and of NGC2536.