Daughters You Could Not Burn Alex Terrell University of Maine, [email protected]
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 5-2018 Daughters You Could Not Burn Alex Terrell University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Creative Writing Commons Recommended Citation Terrell, Alex, "Daughters You Could Not Burn" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2887. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2887 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DAUGHTERS YOU COULD NOT BURN By Alex Terrell B.A. Middle Tennessee State University, 2014 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (in English) The Graduate School The University of Maine May 2018 Advisory Committee: David Kress, Associate Professor of English & Director of Creative Writing, Advisor Gregory Howard, Associate Professor of English Ryan Dippre, Associate Professor of English & Associate Director of Composition Margo Lukens, Professor of English & Director of Academic Programs in Innovation Engineering © 2017 Alex Terrell ii THE DAUGHTERS YOU COULD NOT BURN By Alex Terrell Thesis Advisor: Dr. David Kress An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (in English) May 2018 This thesis is a collection of eight original stories that explore the intersection of the Black female body and magical realism. This work uses fiction as a means to explore such issues as Blackness, Woman- ness, Witch-ness, birth, death, mothers, sisters, southern space and the vagina as both a force of destruction and construction. From a research perspective, the thesis is in conversation with the African American Oral Tradition of storytelling using elements of southern folklore and myth as a motif. This includes legends of the “boo-hag” from the Gullah region, haints, and the “loup garou” from New Orleans. Other themes present are themes of sexuality, sexual awakening, wounding, healing, goddesses as a reflection of woman, silence, silencing, water, flight as escape and identity. The central question this thesis seeks to ask is: Why aren’t Black woman represented in magical realism spaces? This work is an attempt at providing a space for the Black feminine to exist in a fictional space outside of the master-slave cultural narrative. This thesis also seeks to ask and answer questions about Black masculinity and how Black Masculinity is seen in relation to the Black female body. DEDICATION For Idalene, Geneva, Alberta, Teresa and all of the other women in my family both living and dead. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I’d like to thank my committee members, Dave, Greg, Ryan, and Margo for agreeing to serve on my committee and for reading this weird creature of fiction. I’d like to thank Dave for asking me “Why magic?” so that I could answer “Because we are magical.” I’d like to thank Greg for telling me my writing should be out in the world. Thanks to Nick for reading draft upon draft upon draft of everything and being such a generous reader. To Shelby and Kris for reminding me that writing is solitary work, but that you don’t have to do it alone. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................... vi CRITICAL INTRODUCTION…………………………….…………………………………………….................................1 1. IN WHICH WE ARE SHAPESHIFTERS………………………………………………………………………………..8 Black Dog...............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 All Skinfolk Ain’t Kinfolk ...................................................................................................................... 25 2. IN WHICH WE ARE INSIDE THE VAGINA .................................................................................. 41 When All He Wanted Was Warmth and Room ................................................................................. 41 Ophelia in Ecstasy ................................................................................................................................. 59 3. IN WHICH WE ARE FAMILIARS ..................................................................................................... 78 The Last Mujina .................................................................................................................................... 78 The Absconding Swarm ...................................................................................................................... 103 4. IN WHICH WE ARE IN THE SKY .................................................................................................. 121 Immortals……. ...................................................................................................................................... 121 Queen of Heaven ............................................................................................................................... .130 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... ..141 BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR ............................................................................................................ 142 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Girl in protest .................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2. Angela Bassett portraying Madame Marie Laveau on American Horror Story ........... 2 vi “SHE DONE MESSED WITH THE WRONG WITCH”: A CRITICAL INTRODUCTION Somos las nietas de las brujas que no pudiste quemar. I came across this picture (see Figure 1) on social media. Women were championing the saying as a war cry against the forces of systemic oppression. They’d translated it into English and then transmitted it across the world to get women into formation, as Beyoncé would say. However, I was more struck by the fact that this saying was in a language I could only partially understand. Among these words, there was only one that stood out to me: brujas. Witches. Since I was younger, I’ve had a fascination, maybe even an obsession, with witches. I’ve seen every television show and movie about them. Read dozens of books, both fictional and informational, about them. You could say, I’ve acquired a literacy with witches and witchcraft as a focal point. We’ve been regaled by images of Sabrina the teenage witch and the sassy sister-witches from Charmed on television. Maybe for some the word “witch” conjures images of Harry Potter’s Hermoine and her big hair. What’s more, witches have been synonymous in popular culture with white women who have an air of mystery about them. These women are meddlesome, beautiful, and always using their powers for good. But these witches are a far cry from the archetypal witch-crone figure. They don’t have warts on the end of their noses or hooked chins. Regardless, they subvert the myth of the witch and the woman. They pushed back against the archetype of the witch in favor of a more progressive vision of woman. Robert Rapley writes of the archetype: [witches] were usually old women, village women – as most people lived in villages – often cantankerous old women without men left to protect them, poor widows, wrinkled with old age, with the hooked nose and pointed chin of a person without teeth. (4) 1 Figure 1: Girl in protest Figure 2: Angela Bassett portraying Madame Marie Laveau in American Horror Story 2 This is the image of witches most people encounter, but this is a tradition of witches with its origins in European thought. Historically, Black women have not been portrayed as “witches” but rather as Voodoo practitioners and conjure women. The image of the conjure woman was “born in the antebellum south, a kind of mediation between African religious and spiritual customs and Christianity” (Stanley 150). She arose out of slavery and the slave’s hope for better times to come. Stanley writes: If Christianity offered the African slaves salvation and peace in the next world, then the conjure woman represented immediate benefits. She functioned as hope within their present conditions. (150) The conjure woman as a vessel for hope has been replaced in popular culture with fake bones and dime-store Hoodoo. Never mind that the differences between Hoodoo and Voodoo far outnumber their similarities. I say all of this to say that Black women are never “witches,” but rather a strange marriage of the African traditions slaves brought with them to America and the forcing of Christianity onto them by their oppressors. You will never find a Black witch in film and literature, lest she be from Louisiana and she be Creole, lest she be a voodoo priestess. These Black witches are never found in affluent communities. A shining example of this is in Ryan Murphy’s American Horror Story where he introduces mainstream media to one of its most notable Black witches. In the third season of