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4/23/2015 1 •Psychedelics Or Hallucinogens
4/23/2015 Hallucinogens •Psychedelics or This “classic” hallucinogen column The 2 groups below are quite different produce similar effects From the classic hallucinogens Hallucinogens Drugs Stimulating 5HT Receptors Drugs BLOCKING ACH Receptors • aka “psychotomimetics” LSD Nightshade(Datura) Psilocybin Mushrooms Jimsonweed Morning Glory Seeds Atropine Dimethyltryptamine Scopolamine What do the very mixed group of hallucinogens found around the world share in common? •Drugs Resembling NE Drugs BLOCKING Glutamate Receptors •Peyote cactus Phencyclidine (PCP) •Mescaline Ketamine All contain something that resembles a •Methylated amphetamines like MDMA High dose dextromethorphan •Nutmeg neurotransmitter •New synthetic variations (“bath salts”) •5HT-Like Hallucinogens •LSD History • Serotonin • created by Albert Hofmann for Sandoz Pharmaceuticals LSD • was studying vasoconstriction produced by ergot alkaloids LSD • initial exposure was accidental absorption thru skin • so potent ED is in millionths of a gram (25-250 micrograms) & must be delivered on something else (sugar cube, gelatin square, paper) Psilocybin Activate 5HT2 receptors , especially in prefrontal cortex and limbic areas, but is not readily metabolized •Characteristics of LSD & Other “Typical” •Common Effects Hallucinogens • Sensory distortions (color, size, shape, movement), • Autonomic (mostly sympathetic) changes occur first constantly changing (relatively mild) • Vivid closed eye imagery • Sensory/perceptual changes follow • Synesthesia (crossing of senses – e.g. hearing music -
Basic Hypothesis and Therapeutics Targets of Depression: a Review
ISSN: 2641-1911 DOI: 10.33552/ANN.2021.10.000738 Archives in Neurology & Neuroscience Review Article Copyright © All rights are reserved by Anil Kumar Basic Hypothesis and Therapeutics Targets of Depression: A Review Monika Kadian, Hemprabha Tainguriya, Nitin Rawat, Varnika Chib, Jeslin Johnson and Anil Kumar* Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India *Corresponding author: Dr. Anil Kumar, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Phar- Received Date: May 11, 2021 macology division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab Univer- sity, Chandigarh 160014, India. Published Date: June 07, 2021 Abstract Depression is a psychological disorder marked by emotional symptoms such as melancholy, anhedonia, distress mood, loss of interest in daily life activities, feeling of worthlessness, sleep disturbances and destructive tendencies. According to WHO, more than 264 million people from all randomage groups processes are suffering during with brain depression development. thus, Depression it is become is mainlya leading due cause to neurotransmitter of disability and imbalances, infirmity worldwide. HPA disturbances, It is estimated increased that oxidative 40% of riskand nitrosativefor depression damage, is genetic impairment and the in other glucose 60% metabolism, is non-genetic and whichmitochondrial involved dysfunction, acute & chronic etc. The stress, monoamine childhood hypothesis trauma, viral is based infections on attenuation and even of monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in the brain regions (hippocampus, limbic system and frontal cortex) that can cause depression like symptoms. Depression is also marked by increased level of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and and impaired responsiveness to glucocorticoid hormone. -
The Synagogue of Satan
THE SYNAGOGUE OF SATAN BY MAXIMILIAN J. RUDWIN THE Synagogue of Satan is of greater antiquity and potency than the Church of God. The fear of a mahgn being was earher in operation and more powerful in its appeal among primitive peoples than the love of a benign being. Fear, it should be re- membered, was the first incentive of religious worship. Propitiation of harmful powers was the first phase of all sacrificial rites. This is perhaps the meaning of the old Gnostic tradition that when Solomon was summoned from his tomb and asked, "Who first named the name of God?" he answered, "The Devil." Furthermore, every religion that preceded Christianity was a form of devil-worship in the eyes of the new faith. The early Christians actually believed that all pagans were devil-worshippers inasmuch as all pagan gods were in Christian eyes disguised demons who caused themselves to be adored under different names in dif- ferent countries. It was believed that the spirits of hell took the form of idols, working through them, as St. Thomas Aquinas said, certain marvels w'hich excited the wonder and admiration of their worshippers (Siiinina theologica n.ii.94). This viewpoint was not confined to the Christians. It has ever been a custom among men to send to the Devil all who do not belong to their own particular caste, class or cult. Each nation or religion has always claimed the Deity for itself and assigned the Devil to other nations and religions. Zoroaster described alien M^orshippers as children of the Divas, which, in biblical parlance, is equivalent to sons of Belial. -
Psychedelics and Entheogens: Implications of Administration in Medical and Non- Medical Contexts
Psychedelics and Entheogens: Implications of Administration in Medical and Non- Medical Contexts by Hannah Rae Kirk A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Biology (Honors Scholar) Presented May 23, 2018 Commencement June 2018 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Hannah Rae Kirk for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Biology presented on May 23, 2018. Title: Psychedelics and Entheogens: Implications of Administration in Medical and Non-Medical Contexts. Abstract approved:_____________________________________________________ Robin Pappas Psychedelics and entheogens began as religious sacraments. They were apotheosized for their mind-expanding powers and were thought to open realms to the world of the Gods. It was not until the first psychedelic compound was discovered in a laboratory setting a mere hundred years ago that they entered into formal scientific study. Although they were initially well-received in academic and professional circles, research into their potential was interrupted when they were made illegal. Only recently have scientists renewed the investigation of psychedelic substances, in the hope of demonstrating their potential in understanding and healing the human mind. This thesis will explore the history of psychedelics and entheogens, consider the causes behind the prohibition of their research, and outline their reintroduction into current scientific research. Psychedelic compounds have proven to be magnifiers of the mind and, under appropriate circumstances, can act as medicaments in both therapeutic and non-medical contexts. By exploring the journey of psychedelic substances from sacraments, to therapeutic aids, to dangerous drugs, and back again, this thesis will highlight what is at stake when politics and misinformation suppresses scientific research. -
(DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact
pharmaceuticals Review Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca Alkaloids N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact Andreia Machado Brito-da-Costa 1 , Diana Dias-da-Silva 1,2,* , Nelson G. M. Gomes 1,3 , Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira 1,2,4,* and Áurea Madureira-Carvalho 1,3 1 Department of Sciences, IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; [email protected] (A.M.B.-d.-C.); ngomes@ff.up.pt (N.G.M.G.); [email protected] (Á.M.-C.) 2 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 3 LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 4 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.D.-d.-S.); [email protected] (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.) Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 20 October 2020; Published: 23 October 2020 Abstract: Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic botanical beverage originally used by indigenous Amazonian tribes in religious ceremonies and therapeutic practices. While ethnobotanical surveys still indicate its spiritual and medicinal uses, consumption of ayahuasca has been progressively related with a recreational purpose, particularly in Western societies. The ayahuasca aqueous concoction is typically prepared from the leaves of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing Psychotria viridis, and the stem and bark of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of harmala alkaloids. -
Near the Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikkim, at Altitudes the Catholic Inquisition, and the Traditional Use of These of up to 2700 Meters
Year of edition: 2018 Authors of the text: Marc Aixalà & José Carlos Bouso Edition: Alex Verdaguer | Genís Oña | Kiko Castellanos Illustrations: Alba Teixidor EU Project: New Approaches in Harm Reduction Policies and Practices (NAHRPP) Special thanks to collaborators Alejandro Ponce (in Peyote report) and Eduardo Carchedi (in Kambó report). TECHNICAL REPORT ON PSYCHOACTIVE ETHNOBOTANICALS Volumes I - II - III ICEERS International Center for Ethnobotanical Education Research and Service INDEX SALVIA DIVINORUM 7 AMANITA MUSCARIA 13 DATURA STRAMONIUM 19 KRATOM 23 PEYOTE 29 BUFO ALVARIUS 37 PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS 43 IPOMOEA VIOLACEA 51 AYAHUASCA 57 IBOGA 67 KAMBÓ 73 SAN PEDRO 79 6 SALVIA DIVINORUM SALVIA DIVINORUM The effects of the Hierba Pastora have been used by Mazatec Indians since ancient times to treat diseases and for divinatory purposes. The psychoactive compound Salvia divinorum contains, Salvinorin A, is the most potent naturally occurring psychoactive substance known. BASIC INFO Ska Pastora has been used in divination and healing Salvia divinorum is a perennial plant native to the Maza- rituals, similar to psilocybin mushrooms. Maria Sabina tec areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains of Mexi- told Wasson and Hofmann (the discoverers of its Mazatec co. Its habitat is tropical forests, where it grows between usage) that Salvia divinorum was used in times when the- 300 and 800 meters above sea level. It belongs to the re was a shortage of mushrooms. Some sources that have Lamiaceae family, and is mainly reproduced by cuttings done later feldwork point out that the use of S. divinorum since it rarely produces seeds. may be more widespread than originally believed, even in times when mushrooms were abundant. -
Witch Hunting
LE TAROT- ISTITUTO GRAF p resen t WITCH HUNTING C U R A T O R S FRANCO CARDINI - ANDREA VITALI GUGLIELMO INVERNIZZI - GIORDANO BERTI 1 HISTORICAL PRESENTATION “The sleep of reason produces monsters" this is the title of a work of the great Spanish painter Francisco Goya. He portrayed a man sleeping on a large stone, while around him there were all kinds of nightmares, who become living beings. With this allegory, Goya was referring to tragedies that involved Europe in his time, the end of the eighteenth century. But the same image can be the emblem of other tragedies closer to our days, nightmares born from intolerance, incomprehension of different people, from the illusion of intellectual, religious or racial superiority. The history of the witch hunting is an example of how an ancient nightmare is recurring over the centuries in different forms. In times of crisis, it is seeking a scapegoat for the evils that afflict society. So "the other", the incarnation of evil, must be isolated and eliminated. This irrational attitude common to primitive cultures to the so-called "civilization" modern and post-modern. The witch hunting was break out in different locations of Western Europe, between the Middle Ages and the Baroque age. The most affected areas were still dominated by particular cultures or on the border between nations in conflict for religious reasons or for political interests. Subtly, the rulers of this or that nation shake the specter of invisible and diabolical enemy to unleash fear and consequent reaction: the denunciation, persecution, extermination of witches. -
Effect of Harmine on Nicotine‑Induced Kidney Dysfunction in Male Mice
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijpvmjournal.net on Tuesday, June 25, 2019, IP: 94.199.136.196] Original Article Effect of Harmine on Nicotine‑Induced Kidney Dysfunction in Male Mice Abstract Mohammad Reza Background: The nicotine content of cigarettes plays a key role in the pathogenesis of kidney Salahshoor, disease. Harmine is a harmal‑derived alkaloid with antioxidant properties. This study was Shiva Roshankhah, designed to evaluate the effects of harmine against nicotine‑induced damage to the kidneys of mice. Methods: In this study, 64 male mice were randomly assigned to eight groups: saline and Vahid Motavalian, nicotine‑treated groups (2.5 mg/kg), harmine groups (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg), and nicotine (2.5 mg/ Cyrus Jalili kg) + harmine‑treated groups (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally Department of Anatomical daily for 28 days. The weights of the mice and their kidneys, kidney index, glomeruli characteristics, Sciences, Medical School, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, antioxidant capacity, kidney function indicators, and serum Kermanshah University of nitrite oxide levels were investigated. Results: Nicotine administration significantly improved kidney Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave., Taghbostan, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and nitrite oxide levels and Kermanshah, Iran decreased glomeruli number and tissue ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) level compared to the saline group (P < 0.05). The harmine and harmine + nicotine treatments at all doses significantly reduced BUN, kidney MDA level, creatinine, glomerular diameter, and nitrite oxide levels and increased the glomeruli number and tissue FRAP level compared to the nicotine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that harmine administration improved kidney injury induced by nicotine in mice. -
Harmine and Imipramine Promote Antioxidant Activities in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus
RESEArcH PAPER RESEArcH PAPER Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 3:5, 325-331; September/October 2010; © 2010 Landes Bioscience Harmine and imipramine promote antioxidant activities in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus Gislaine Z. Réus,1 Roberto B. Stringari,1 Bruna de Souza,2 Fabrícia Petronilho,2 Felipe Dal-Pizzol,2 Jaime E. Hallak,3 Antônio W. Zuardi,3 José A. Crippa3 and João Quevedo1,* 1Laboratório de Neurociências; and 2Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma, SC Brazil; 3Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM); Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil Key words: harmine, imipramine, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants activity, depression A growing body of evidence has suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in the physiopathology of depression. Evidence has pointed to the β-carboline harmine as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression. The present study we evaluated the effects of acute and chronic administration of harmine (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) and imipramine (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) or saline in lipid and protein oxidation levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Acute and chronic treatments with imipramine and harmine reduced lipid and protein oxidation, compared to control group in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The SOD and CAT activities increased with acute and chronic treatments with imipramine and harmine, compared to control group in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. -
The Entheogen Review , Pob 19820, Sa Cramento , Ca 95819-0820, Usa 161 Vol Ume X, Number 4 Winter Solstice 2001
VOL UME X, NUMBER 4 WINTER SOLSTICE 2001 Index Symbols Age of Entheogens & The Angels’ Dictionary, Analog Act 84, 85 The 154 Anand, Margot 67, 154 ∞Ayes 32, 49, 50, 51 age regression 89 Anderson, E.F. 106 1,4-butanediol 84 Aguaruna Indians 10 Anderson, Rocky 41 1984 155 Aguirre, G., L.E. 3, 5, 6 Anderson, Sherry 156 2001 52 Agurell, S. 57, 58, 106 Andrews, S. 86 2C-B 22, 28, 118 ahpí 7 anesthetize 21 2C-D 20 ajucá 6 angico 6 2C-I 20 Akashic record 54 angicos brancos 6 2C-T-2 20, 22, 90 Al-Queda terrorists 123 angicos pretos 6 2C-T-4 20 Alarcón, R. 5 angiquín 6 2C-T-7 20, 85, 89, 90, 94, 105, 114 Alchemind Society, The 42, 76, 112 angiquinho 6 4-acetoxy-DET 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96 alcohol Angraecum fragrans 86 4-acetoxy-DIPT 29, 30, 88, 90, 91, 93 38, 52, 74, 84, 98, 99, 134, 145, 146 Anon. 151 4-hydroxy-αMT 139 alcoholic beverages 86 anonymous remailer 123 4-hydroxy-DET 88, 89, 139 Aldrich 83 anthraquinones 86 4-hydroxy-DMT 88 alfalfa 129 anti-cholinergic-like central effect 150 4-hydroxy-DPT 139 alien 32, 50, 53 anti-depressant 28 5-MeO-αMT 148 alien robots 52 anti-inflammatory 86 5-MeO-DIPT 90, 94 AllChemical Arts (conference) 115 anti-marijuana laws 46 5-MeO-DMT Allen, John W. 112 anti-nausea medications 28 1, 5, 25, 84, 89, 99, 101, 102, 103, allergy preparations 28 antibacterial 135 118, 126, 148 Alli, Antero 114 antibiotic 28 5-methoxytryptamine 150 Allison 156 antidiarrheal 104 Alpert, Richard 34 antispasmatic 28 A alpha 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145 Antonil, André João 4 Aardvark, David α-MT 148 ants 151 α 21, 27, 28, 30, 34, 51, -
Sorcerer”? Find 18 Synonyms and 30 Related Words for “Sorcerer” in This Overview
Need another word that means the same as “sorcerer”? Find 18 synonyms and 30 related words for “sorcerer” in this overview. Table Of Contents: Sorcerer as a Noun Definitions of "Sorcerer" as a noun Synonyms of "Sorcerer" as a noun (18 Words) Associations of "Sorcerer" (30 Words) The synonyms of “Sorcerer” are: magician, necromancer, thaumaturge, thaumaturgist, wizard, witch, black magician, warlock, diviner, occultist, sorceress, enchanter, enchantress, magus, medicine man, medicine woman, shaman, witch doctor Sorcerer as a Noun Definitions of "Sorcerer" as a noun According to the Oxford Dictionary of English, “sorcerer” as a noun can have the following definitions: A person who claims or is believed to have magic powers; a wizard. One who practices magic or sorcery. GrammarTOP.com Synonyms of "Sorcerer" as a noun (18 Words) A person with dark skin who comes from Africa (or whose ancestors black magician came from Africa. Someone who claims to discover hidden knowledge with the aid of diviner supernatural powers. enchanter A sorcerer or magician. enchantress A woman who is considered to be dangerously seductive. A conjuror. magician He was the magician of the fan belt. GrammarTOP.com magus A sorcerer. medicine man Punishment for one’s actions. medicine woman Punishment for one’s actions. A person who practises necromancy; a wizard or magician. necromancer Dr Faustus a necromancer of the 16th century. occultist A believer in occultism; someone versed in the occult arts. In societies practicing shamanism one acting as a medium between shaman the visible and spirit worlds practices sorcery for healing or divination. sorceress A woman sorcerer. -
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Hallucinogens And Dissociative Drug Use And Addiction Introduction Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause alterations in perception, thought, or mood. This heterogeneous group has compounds with different chemical structures, different mechanisms of action, and different adverse effects. Despite their description, most hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations. The drugs are more likely to cause changes in mood or in thought than actual hallucinations. Hallucinogenic substances that form naturally have been used worldwide for millennia to induce altered states for religious or spiritual purposes. While these practices still exist, the more common use of hallucinogens today involves the recreational use of synthetic hallucinogens. Hallucinogen And Dissociative Drug Toxicity Hallucinogens comprise a collection of compounds that are used to induce hallucinations or alterations of consciousness. Hallucinogens are drugs that cause alteration of visual, auditory, or tactile perceptions; they are also referred to as a class of drugs that cause alteration of thought and emotion. Hallucinogens disrupt a person’s ability to think and communicate effectively. Hallucinations are defined as false sensations that have no basis in reality: The sensory experience is not actually there. The term “hallucinogen” is slightly misleading because hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations. 1 ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com How hallucinogens cause alterations in a person’s sensory experience is not entirely understood. Hallucinogens work, at least in part, by disrupting communication between neurotransmitter systems throughout the body including those that regulate sleep, hunger, sexual behavior and muscle control. Patients under the influence of hallucinogens may show a wide range of unusual and often sudden, volatile behaviors with the potential to rapidly fluctuate from a relaxed, euphoric state to one of extreme agitation and aggression.